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Formatting paragraphs

Source: licencja: CC 0.

Formatowanie akapitowe tekstu

You will learn
  • to format paragraphs in a text document,

  • to add indentation to a paragraph,

  • to align paragraphs on a page.

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nagranie abstraktu

paragraphparagraphparagraph is a part of the text usually comprising thematically separate and consistent content. It begins in a new line and its first line may be indented.

Before we discuss the methods of formatting paragraphs, let’s take a closer look at formatting marks. They are non‑printing characters that define the formatting of text in a document. These marks will never appear on a printed copy but you can decide if they will be displayed on the screen. To do this, use the Show/Hide button ¶ on the Home tab.

The basic formatting marks include:

  • spaces,

  • tab characters,

  • paragraphparagraphparagraph marks.

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The dialogue box for setting the display of formatting marks
Source: GroMar, licencja: CC BY 3.0.
Task 1
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nagranie abstraktu

Download the attached document and save it in your home directory. Learn the look of non‑printing characters, spaces and paragraphs marks.

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  • What does the spacespacespace character look like?

  • Are all space characters identical?

  • What are the properties of spaces differently marked?

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nagranie abstraktu

ParagraphparagraphParagraph formatting is a change in the parameters of entire paragraphs. It includes the change in:

  • line spacingline spacingline spacing – the distance between the lines of text,

  • indents (left and right),

  • spacingspacingspacing (before and after a paragraph),

  • alignment,

  • the indentation of the first line of a paragraph.

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nagranie abstraktu

You can apply the borders and shading options to paragraphs.

If you want to format multiple paragraphs, you must select them all. In order to select a paragraph:

  • triple‑click the paragraph which you want to select,

  • double‑click with the left mouse button on the left margin near the paragraph you want to select,

  • select the paragraph with the mouse while holding the left mouse button,

  • using the keyboard shortcut CTRL+SHIFT+↓.

In order to apply changes to a single paragraph, you do not need to select it. All you have to do is to place the cursor within the paragraph and then to select the appropriate commands.

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nagranie abstraktu

A paragraph is a part of the text containing several sentences, which deals with a particular idea. While writing in a text editor you should use the same writing principles which you apply when writing in a notebook. When you type in the text which is too long for one line, it will be automatically wrapped into the next line while typing. The ENTER key should be pressed only at the end of the paragraph.

Line spacingline spacingLine spacing is the distance between the lines in a paragraph. You can adjust it to your needs. When single spacingspacingspacing is selected, the line spacing is adjusted to the font size. The option 1.5 lines refers to the line spacingspacingspacing which is 1.5 times greater than the font size.

Alignment is a paragraph parameter which used the most commonly. The test in a paragraph can be aligned to the left or right, centred or justified.

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Ilustracja interaktywna przedstawia cztery rysunki pokazujące wyrównanie tekstu. Poziome kreski symbolizują tekst. Na pierwszym rysunku przedstawione są kreski różnej długości, jedna pod drugą, wyrównane do prawej strony. Na drugim rysunku przedstawione są kreski różnej długości, jedna pod drugą, wyrównane do lewej strony. Na trzecim rysunku przedstawione są kreski tej samej długości, oprócz ostatniej, ułożone jedna pod drugą, ostatnia kreska jest krótsza, zaczyna się równo z pozostałymi, ale kończy się wcześniej. Na czwartym rysunku przedstawione są kreski różnej długości, jedna pod drugą, wyrównane do środka. Na ilustracji widoczne są numery, a na nich podpisy. 1. aligned to the right {audio}, 2. aligned to the left {audio}, 3. justified {audio}, 4. centred {audio}
Paragraph alignment
Source: GroMar, licencja: CC BY 3.0.
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nagranie abstraktu

The indentation of the first line of a paragraphparagraphparagraph is also a paragraph parameter which can be freely modified.

Task 2
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nagranie abstraktu

Open the document which you used for the previous task.

  • How many paragraphs does it contain?

  • Centre the title.

  • Set the indentindentindent of 2.5 cm for the first line of the paragraphs.

  • Justify both paragraphs.

  • At the end of the text write your first name, surname and the current date.

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nagranie abstraktu

SpacingspacingSpacing (before and after a paragraph) is the last paragraph parameter discussed here. By using it you can modify the distance between paragraphs.

The tools for paragraph formatting can be found:

  • on the Home tab, in the Paragraph group (line spacingline spacingline spacing, spacing, alignment),

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The tool ribbon – the Home tab
Source: GroMar, licencja: CC BY 3.0.
  • on the Layout tab, in the Paragraph group (indentindentindent and spacingspacingspacing).

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The tool ribbon – the Layout tab
Source: GroMar, licencja: CC BY 3.0.
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nagranie abstraktu

The Paragraph dialogue box, which includes all the tools for paragraph formatting, appears after selecting the icon in the bottom right corner of each group.

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The Paragraph dialogue box
Source: GroMar, licencja: CC BY 3.0.
Task 3
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nagranie abstraktu

Open the document which you used for the previous task. Set the spacingspacingspacing of 10 points before and after the paragraphs. Save the file.

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nagranie abstraktu
  • Remember to format paragraphs with the use of tools available in a text editor.

  • Entering additional spaces, paragraphparagraphparagraph marks or tab characters may have undesired effects, for instance when you change the font or the font size.

  • Create paragraphs whose beginning and end fall at the beginning and the end of a page – this will create a clear layout of your document.

  • Do not use the tab character or the spacespacespace for indentation.

  • Leaving a preposition or a conjunction at the end of a line is a typographical error in the Polish language.

  • When you want to separate paragraphs, use either spacing or indentation, not both.

Exercises

Exercise 1
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Wersja alternatywna ćwiczenia: Determine which sentence is true. Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. You can apply borders to paragraphs. , 2. You cannot apply shading to paragraphs., 3. Line spacing is the distance between the lines in a paragraph., 4. Justification is one of the paragraph alignment options., 5. You can add spacing only after a paragraph, but not before.
zadanie
Source: GroMar, licencja: CC BY 3.0.
Exercise 2

On the internet find a text about formatting paragraphs in the text editor you use. Copy three paragraphs to a document.

  • Set the indent of 2 cm for the first line of the paragraphs.

  • Align the first paragraph to the left, the second - to the right, centre the third paragraph.

  • Set the different line spacingline spacingline spacing for each paragraph – for the first - 1.5, the second - 1.9, and the third - 2.5.

  • Add shading to the first and the third paragraphs, yellow and green respectively.

  • Add borders to the second paragraph.

  • Save your work in your home directory.

Exercise 3

Explain in English the difference between line spacing and spacing in the paragraph formatting.

Exercise 4
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Wersja alternatywna ćwiczenia: Indicate which pairs of expressions or words are translated correctly. Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. interlinia - line spacing, 2. wcięcie - indent, 3. wyrównanie - aligning, 4. odstępy - spacing, 5. wyjustowania - centering, 6. spacja - paragraph
zadanie
Source: GroMar, licencja: CC BY 3.0.
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Interaktywna gra, polegająca na łączeniu wyrazów w pary w ciągu jednej minuty. Czas zaczyna upływać wraz z rozpoczęciem gry. Jeden ruch to odkrywanie najpierw jednej potem drugiej karty z wyrazem. Każdy wyraz jest odczytywany. Kolejny ruch to odkrywanie trzeciej i czwartej karty. W ten sposób odsłuchasz wszystkie wyrazy. Nawigacja z poziomu klawiatury za pomocą strzałek, odsłuchiwanie wyrazów enterem lub spacją. Znajdź wszystkie pary wyrazów.
Source: Zespół autorski Politechniki Łódzkiej, licencja: CC BY 3.0.

Glossary

line spacing
line spacing

interlinia

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wymowa w języku angielskim: line spacing
indent
indent

wcięcie

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wymowa w języku angielskim: indent
aligning
aligning

wyrównanie

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wymowa w języku angielskim: aligning
spacing
spacing

odstępy

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wymowa w języku angielskim: spacing
centering
centering

wyśrodkowanie

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wymowa w języku angielskim: centering
justification
justification

wyjustowania

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wymowa w języku angielskim: justification
space
space

spacja

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wymowa w języku angielskim: space
paragraph
paragraph

akapit

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wymowa w języku angielskim: paragraph

Keywords

line spacingline spacingline spacing

indentindentindent

aligningaligningaligning

paragraphparagraphparagraph