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The similarity of right triangles

Source: licencja: CC 0.

Podobieństwo trójkątów prostokątnych

Learning objectives

You will develop the following competences: communicating in English, mathematical, IT and basic scientific and technical competence, your learning skills.

You will get to know practical application of properties of similar right triangles.

You will get to know the method of calculating the ratio of the length of two sides in a right triangle.

Learning effect

  • You will learn to use the properties of similar right triangles in practice.

  • You will learn to calculate the ratio of the length of two sides in a right triangle.

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nagranie abstraktu

Recollect some concepts and properties connected with similar figuressimilar figuressimilar figures, especially right triangles.

Task 1

Complete the sentences.

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nagranie abstraktu
Podpunkt a) Similarity is a geometrical transformation of a plane which remains [tu uzupełnij].
Podpunkt b) The shape of the figures [tu uzupełnij] but the figure and its image may be [tu uzupełnij] in sizes.
Podpunkt c) There are [tu uzupełnij] properties of similar triangles.
Podpunkt d) The scale factor k of triangles is [tu uzupełnij].
Podpunkt a) Similarity is a geometrical transformation of a plane which remains [tu uzupełnij].
Podpunkt b) The shape of the figures [tu uzupełnij] but the figure and its image may be [tu uzupełnij] in sizes.
Podpunkt c) There are [tu uzupełnij] properties of similar triangles.
Podpunkt d) The scale factor k of triangles is [tu uzupełnij].

The aim of the class is using the properties of similarity to define relationships between the sides and angles in right triangles.

Solve the task using the properties of similar trianglessimilar trianglessimilar triangles.

Task 2
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nagranie abstraktu

Check if two right triangles are similar when one of the acute angles measures 53° in one triangle and it measures 37° in the other. Draw the triangles and find the pairs of proportional sides. What do you notice? Write down your conclusion.

Conclusion:

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nagranie abstraktu
  • If the ratio of the lengths of the legs of one right triangleright triangleright triangle equals the ratio of the lengths of the legs of the other triangle, the triangles are similar.

Find the ratio of the lengths of the sides in right triangles. What do you notice? Formulate your conclusion.

Task 3
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nagranie abstraktu

In an equilateral right triangleright triangleright triangle A the length of the leg is 4 cm.

In a right triangle B the length of the hypotenusehypotenusehypotenuse is 8 cm and one of the legs is 4 cm.

Find the ratio of the lengths of the sides in each of the triangles. Decide if it is possible to find the measures of the acute angles in a given triangle on the basis of the relationship between the legs and between the leg and the hypotenuse. Formulate your conclusion.

Conclusions:

  • The altitude divides an equilateral triangle into two congruent right triangles. The acute angles in a triangle formed in this way are 60° and 30°.

  • The leg opposite the angles measuring 30° is twice shorter than the hypotenusehypotenusehypotenuse.

  • The right triangleright triangleright triangle whose both legs are the same length is a right equilateral triangle.

  • The acute angles measure 45° and 45°.

Task 4
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nagranie abstraktu

Analyse the material presented in the applet. Use the similarity of right triangles to find the lengths of appropriate sides of a right triangle.

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Geogebra aplet - Obliczanie długości boków trójkątów prostokątnych podobnych. Galeria z opisami alternatywnymi poniżej.
Source: GroMar, licencja: CC BY 3.0.

Use the information to solve the tasks.

Task 5

In a right triangleright triangleright triangle ABC the legs the lengths of |CA| = 12 cm, |CB| = 35 cm. Triangle AIndeks dolny 1BIndeks dolny 1CIndeks dolny 1 is similar to triangle ABC, and |AIndeks dolny 1BIndeks dolny 1| = 148 cm. Calculate the lengths of the other sides of triangle AIndeks dolny 1BIndeks dolny 1CIndeks dolny 1.

Task 6
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nagranie abstraktu

In a right triangle ABC, the angle at the vertex C is a right angle, |AB| = 90 cm, |BC| = 54 cm. There was a 36 cm long line segment DE drawn. It is parallel to side AC and E ∈ BC and D ∈ AB. Calculate the lengths of segments CE and AD.

Task 7

An extra task:

Suggest a method of estimating the measure of the acute angle in any right triangle.

Hint: 
Use the properties of triangles from the above task.

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nagranie abstraktu

Having finished all the tasks, do the consolidation tasks. Formulate the conclusions to memorize.

- If the ratio of the lengths of the legs of one right triangle equals the ratio of the lengths of the legs of the other triangle, the triangles are similar.

Exercises

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Exercise 1
Wersja alternatywna ćwiczenia: Determine which sentence is true. Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. Two right triangles are given. One of the acute angles in the first triangle measures 42°. The acute angle of the other triangle measures 48°. These triangles are similar., 2. The legs of one right triangle are 12 cm and 17 cm long. The lengths of the legs of the other triangle are respectively 18 cm and 30 cm long. These triangles are similar.
Exercise 2

Right triangle ABC is given. Leg AC has the length of 3 and hypotenuse AB is 6. Calculate the ratio of the lengths of the leg and the hypotenuse. Can you give the measures of the acute angles in this triangle?

Exercise 3

Describe the properties of similar triangles in English.

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Exercise 4
Wersja alternatywna ćwiczenia: Match Polish terms with their English equivalents. przyprostokątna Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. properties of similar triangles, 2. similar figures, 3. similar triangles, 4. leg of a triangle, 5. hypotenuse, 6. right triangle trójkąty podobne Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. properties of similar triangles, 2. similar figures, 3. similar triangles, 4. leg of a triangle, 5. hypotenuse, 6. right triangle trójkąt prostokątny Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. properties of similar triangles, 2. similar figures, 3. similar triangles, 4. leg of a triangle, 5. hypotenuse, 6. right triangle figury podobne Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. properties of similar triangles, 2. similar figures, 3. similar triangles, 4. leg of a triangle, 5. hypotenuse, 6. right triangle przeciwprostokątna Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. properties of similar triangles, 2. similar figures, 3. similar triangles, 4. leg of a triangle, 5. hypotenuse, 6. right triangle cechy podobieństwa trójkątów Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. properties of similar triangles, 2. similar figures, 3. similar triangles, 4. leg of a triangle, 5. hypotenuse, 6. right triangle
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Interaktywna gra, polegająca na łączeniu wyrazów w pary w ciągu jednej minuty. Czas zaczyna upływać wraz z rozpoczęciem gry. Jeden ruch to odkrywanie najpierw jednej potem drugiej karty z wyrazem. Każdy wyraz jest odczytywany. Kolejny ruch to odkrywanie trzeciej i czwartej karty. W ten sposób odsłuchasz wszystkie wyrazy. Nawigacja z poziomu klawiatury za pomocą strzałek, odsłuchiwanie wyrazów enterem lub spacją. Znajdź wszystkie pary wyrazów.
Source: Zespół autorski Politechniki Łódzkiej, licencja: CC BY 3.0.

Glossary

hypotenuse
hypotenuse

przeciwprostokątna

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wymowa w języku angielskim: hypotenuse
leg of a triangle
leg of a triangle

przyprostokątna

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wymowa w języku angielskim: leg of a triangle
properties of similar triangles
properties of similar triangles

cechy podobieństwa trójkątów

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wymowa w języku angielskim: properties of similar triangles
right triangle
right triangle

trójkąt prostokątny

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wymowa w języku angielskim: right triangle
similar figures
similar figures

figury podobne

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wymowa w języku angielskim: similar figures
similar triangles
similar triangles

trójkąty podobne

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wymowa w języku angielskim: similar triangles

Keywords

hypotenusehypotenusehypotenuse

leg of a triangleleg of a triangleleg of a triangle

right triangleright triangleright triangle

similar figuressimilar figuressimilar figures

similar trianglessimilar trianglessimilar triangles