RFNXVfwQQPS4J

The role of the computer in computer science

Source: licencja: CC 0.

Rola komputera w informatyce

You will learn
  • what computer science deals with,

  • to find computers around you (an that a computer does not have to be a computer),

  • the difference between data and information,

  • what an algorithm is,

  • to create simple algorithms and the units of information.

Task 1
R1DtJcg0TB7Hv
nagranie abstraktu

Think about the application of computers in everyday life.

RxOKhaPUbyMde1
Source: GroMar, licencja: CC BY 3.0.
R16Q1ihLqcUvp
nagranie abstraktu

Computer sciencecomputer scienceComputer science is a branch of knowledge that deals with the processing of informationinformationinformation with the use of computers.

Information refers to datadatadata that are collected in order to be processed to produce results (new information). The Polish dictionary defines information as „a factor thanks to which people and devices can function efficiently and purposely”.

Rabtq4WXvgq86
Ilustracja interaktywna przedstawia symboliczną organizację danych. Na środku znajduje się urządzenie przypominające maszynkę do mięsa. Przez różne podajniki przekazywane do środka są litery, obrazy oraz liczby. Jako efekt z maszynki „wychodzi” plakat utworzony z elementów wrzuconych do środka urządzenia. Na ilustracji widoczne są numery, a na nich podpisy. 1. Data can be any character, text, words, number, pictures, sound, or video and, if not put into context, means little or nothing to a human. {audio}, 2. When data is processed, organized, structured or presented in a given context so as to make it useful, it is called information. {audio}
The figurative presentation of data processing
Source: GroMar, licencja: CC BY 3.0.
The comparison of data and information

Data

Information

Data by itself alone is not significant.

Information is significant by itself.

It is just text and numbers.

It is refined data.

Data is used as input for the computer system.

Information is the output of data.

Form: Data is unorganized.

Form: Information is organized.

Based on data: Records and observations.

Based on information: Analysis.

Represented in data: A structure, such as tabular data, data tree, a data graph, etc

Represented in information: Language, ideas, and thoughts based on data.

Data does not depend on information.

Without data, information cannot be processed.

Data may or may not be useful.

Information is always useful.

R7ebGGuVN4msc
nagranie abstraktu

To make datadatadata processing possible, hardware and software must be used for this purpose. A computercomputercomputer – an electronic device used for the processing of information – is hardware and a set of computer programmes that enable the computer performing specified tasks is software. The basis for the development of a programme is to elaborate an algorithmalgorithmalgorithm, i.e. a recipe for how to solve a given task. If you compare the computer to a cement mixer, you can say that cement, sand and water are data, but you would not be able to make concrete without a recipe (an algorithm, a programme). Thus all the above factors are important: hardware, software and data.

Task 2
RVTddqXm09FON
nagranie abstraktu

Write an algorithmalgorithmalgorithm for making scrambled eggs (specify the equipment you need and describe all operations step by step).

Task 3
Rlpqrsd50Ff1o
nagranie abstraktu

Write an algorithmalgorithmalgorithm describing one of the methods of adding two‑digit numbers.

RQ0qG298MwjCQ
nagranie abstraktu

The units of informationinformationinformation:

The bitbitbit (b) is the basic unitunitunit of information used in computercomputercomputer science. It can have two values: 1 lub 0. Nowadays the bytebytebyte (B), which corresponds to 8 cs, is more commonly used as the basic unit of digital information.

RMBTDMEZlkaeN1
Source: GroMar, licencja: CC BY 3.0.
RaJGB1LY7GC2s
nagranie abstraktu

Memorise:

Computer sciencecomputer scienceComputer science is a branch of knowledge and a field of human activity that deals with the processing of informationinformationinformation with the use of computers and an appropriate software.

Exercises

Exercise 1
R1a1cUznjgnqZ
Wersja alternatywna ćwiczenia: Determine which sentence is true. Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. Information is not significant by itself., 2. Data may or may not be useful., 3. Information is always useful., 4. Data does not depend on information.
zadanie
Source: GroMar, licencja: CC BY 3.0.
Exercise 2

List devices that can process datadatadata.

Exercise 3

Since you already know what an algorithm is, think about how many algorithms you use every day. Try to list five algorithms from various areas.

Exercise 4
RCLrguMEdiSMl
Wersja alternatywna ćwiczenia: Indicate which pairs of expressions or words are translated correctly. Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. informatyka - computer science, 2. informacja - information, 3. dane - data, 4. algorytm - algorithm, 5. bit - byte, 6. komputer - unit
zadanie
Source: GroMar, licencja: CC BY 3.0.
R156lQVL2HudI1
Interaktywna gra, polegająca na łączeniu wyrazów w pary w ciągu jednej minuty. Czas zaczyna upływać wraz z rozpoczęciem gry. Jeden ruch to odkrywanie najpierw jednej potem drugiej karty z wyrazem. Każdy wyraz jest odczytywany. Kolejny ruch to odkrywanie trzeciej i czwartej karty. W ten sposób odsłuchasz wszystkie wyrazy. Nawigacja z poziomu klawiatury za pomocą strzałek, odsłuchiwanie wyrazów enterem lub spacją. Znajdź wszystkie pary wyrazów.
Source: Zespół autorski Politechniki Łódzkiej, licencja: CC BY 3.0.

Glossary

algorithm
algorithm

algorytm

RgH5syagLTXeE1
wymowa w języku angielskim: algorithm
bit
bit

bit

RBlXYCZplO8BN1
wymowa w języku angielskim: bit
byte
byte

bajt

RkBYfO863dUWe1
wymowa w języku angielskim: byte
computer
computer

komputer

ROvP2Bbqfnjkz1
wymowa w języku angielskim: computer
computer science
computer science

informatyka

RkD15mOoJirRA1
wymowa w języku angielskim: computer science
data
data

dane

R1JVj9ysN6Sh21
wymowa w języku angielskim: data
information
information

informacja

R153zeXwMBfkn1
wymowa w języku angielskim: information
unit
unit

jednostka

R5ew6NQy9Prmd1
wymowa w języku angielskim: unit

Keywords

algorithmalgorithmalgorithm

computer sciencecomputer sciencecomputer science

datadatadata

informationinformationinformation