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Criteria for similarity of triangles

Source: licencja: CC 0.

Cechy podobieństwa trójkątów

Learning objectives

You will learn to recognize similar triangles.

You will get to know and learn to apply the criteria for similarity of triangles.

Learning effect

  • You apply the criteria for similarity of triangles.

  • You can communicate in English applying the criteria for similarity of triangles.

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nagranie abstraktu

Recollect the definition and the criteria for congruence of triangles: SSS, SAS, ASA.
Give a counterexample that the equality of corresponding angles (AAA) cannot be a criterion for congruent triangles.

Two triangles are similar
Definition: Two triangles are similar
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nagranie abstraktu

Two triangles are similar if their corresponding angles have identical measures and their corresponding sides are in proportion. The ratio of proportionality of the sides of similar trianglessimilar trianglessimilar triangles is called the scale of similar trianglessimilar trianglessimilar triangles
Work out if AAA criterionAAA criterionAAA criterion can be the criterion for similarity of triangles.

Task 1
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nagranie abstraktu

Open Geogebra applet – The scale of similarityscale of similarityscale of similarity. Mind that the triangles in the applet have various corresponding angles. Change the value of k – scale factor of similarity.

Answer the questions:

  1. For what values of k the triangles are congruent?

  2. What is the meaning of k > 1 and k < 1?

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Geogebra aplet - Skala podobieństwa trójkątów. Galeria z opisami alternatywnymi poniżej.
Source: GroMar, licencja: CC BY 3.0.
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nagranie abstraktu

The theorem – criteria for similarity of triangles:

SSS criterion
Rule: SSS criterion

SSS criterionSSS criterionSSS criterion
If each side of one triangle is in proportion to the corresponding side of the other triangle, these triangles are similar.

SAS criterion
Rule: SAS criterion

SAS criterionSAS criterionSAS criterion
If two sides of one triangle are in proportion to the corresponding two sides of the other triangle and the angles between these sides in both triangles are equal, these triangles are similar.

AAA criterion
Rule: AAA criterion

AAA criterionAAA criterionAAA criterion
If three angles of one triangle equal the three angles of the other triangle, these triangles are similar.

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nagranie abstraktu

Discussion:

Consider why checking the equality of two angles is enough to decide if triangles are similar and why checking the equality of one of acute angles is enough to decide if right triangles are similar.

Solve the following tasks.

Task 2
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nagranie abstraktu

Triangle ABC was cut with a line parallel to base AB. Show that the cut off triangle and triangle ABC are similar.

Task 3
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nagranie abstraktu

In acute triangle ABC altitude AD was dropped from vertex A and altitude BE was dropped from vertex B. Show that triangles ACD and BCE are similar.

Task 4
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nagranie abstraktu

Two equilateral triangles are similar in scale k = 2. How many times is the perimeter of the larger triangle greater than the perimeter of the smaller triangle?

Task 5
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nagranie abstraktu

An extra task:
Calculate the area of right triangle ABC if its altitude CD divides the hypotenuse into two segments with the length of |AD| = 2 cm and |DB| = 8 cm.

Hint:
Notice that triangles ADC and CDB are similar.

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Source: GroMar, licencja: CC BY 3.0.

Exercises

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Exercise 1
Wersja alternatywna ćwiczenia: Determine which sentences are true. Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. In a right triangle the altitude dropped on the hypotenuse divides it into two similar triangles., 2. Any two isosceles triangles are similar., 3. Any two equilateral triangles are similar.
Exercise 2

In a trapezoid ABCD diagonals AC and BD, which intersected at point O, were drawn. Show that triangles AOB and COD are similar.

Exercise 3

There are two right triangles ABC and EFG. The angle at vertex B is 34°, and the angle at vertex F – 56°. Are these triangles similar? Why? Present your reasoning in English.

Exercise 4
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Wersja alternatywna ćwiczenia: Indicate which pairs of expressions or words are translated correctly. Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. trójkąty podobne - similar triangles, 2. skala podobieństwa - scale of similarity, 3. cecha bkb - SAS criterion, 4. cecha bbb - AAA criterion, 5. cecha kkk - SSS criterion
zadanie
Source: GroMar, licencja: CC BY 3.0.
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Interaktywna gra, polegająca na łączeniu wyrazów w pary w ciągu jednej minuty. Czas zaczyna upływać wraz z rozpoczęciem gry. Jeden ruch to odkrywanie najpierw jednej potem drugiej karty z wyrazem. Każdy wyraz jest odczytywany. Kolejny ruch to odkrywanie trzeciej i czwartej karty. W ten sposób odsłuchasz wszystkie wyrazy. Nawigacja z poziomu klawiatury za pomocą strzałek, odsłuchiwanie wyrazów enterem lub spacją. Znajdź wszystkie pary wyrazów.
Source: Zespół autorski Politechniki Łódzkiej, licencja: CC BY 3.0.

Glossary

AAA criterion
AAA criterion

cecha kkk

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wymowa w języku angielskim: AAA criterion
SAS criterion
SAS criterion

cecha bkb

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wymowa w języku angielskim: SAS criterion
SSS criterion
SSS criterion

cecha bbb

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wymowa w języku angielskim: SSS criterion
scale of similarity
scale of similarity

skala podobieństwa

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wymowa w języku angielskim: scale of similarity
similar triangles
similar triangles

trójkąty podobne

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wymowa w języku angielskim: similar triangles

Keywords

AAA criterionAAA criterionAAA criterion

SAS criterionSAS criterionSAS criterion

SSS criterionSSS criterionSSS criterion

scale of similarityscale of similarityscale of similarity

similar trianglessimilar trianglessimilar triangles