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Pentomino

Source: licencja: CC 0.

Pentomino

Learning objectives

  • You will discover the puzzle game called pentomino.

Learning effect

  • You write the simple algebraic expressions describing the perimeter and the area of the figure.

  • You calculate the perimeter of the polygon.

  • You use English to describe the construction of pentomino.

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nagranie abstraktu

Bring for the class:

- pentominopentominopentomino,
- squared grid whose one side is eight times longer than a squaresquaresquare the blocks of pentomino consist of (usually the set consists of the grid and the blocks).

Today you are going to find out what the pentomino is and what the properties of its elements are.

Task 1

Look at the construction of pentominopentominopentomino and answer the following questions:

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nagranie abstraktu

a) How many blocks are there in a set of pentomino?
b) Do all the blocks look the same?
c) What is the common feature of the blocks of pentomino?
d) What figures are the blocks similar to?

Notice, that:

  • There are 12 different blocks in a set of pentomino.

  • Every block is made of five identical squares.

  • The blocks of pentomino have the shapes of the letters.

Find out some more details about the pentomino:

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nagranie abstraktu

PentominopentominoPentomino is a puzzle game which has been known since 20Indeks górny th century. The name of the puzzle comes from the Greek word pénte, which means five. Ina classical dominoes the block has two connected squares. That is why the puzzle which has blocks made of five squares is called pentomino. The blocks of pentomino are identified with Latin letters they are similar to. Every block is called the stonestonestone. The stones can be reversed and turned.

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Source: GroMar, licencja: CC BY 3.0.
Task 2
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nagranie abstraktu

Take m as the length of the squaresquaresquare which the stonestonestone of pentomino consists of. Write the algebraic expressionalgebraic expressionalgebraic expression describing the perimeterperimeterperimeter of the stone indicated by following letters:

a) F,
b) P,
c) V.

Task 3
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nagranie abstraktu

Take a as the length of the square which the stonestonestone of pentominopentominopentomino consists of. Write the algebraic expressionalgebraic expressionalgebraic expression describing the perimeterperimeterperimeter and the areaareaarea of:

a) the rectanglerectanglerectangle with the dimensions of 3 by 5 squares,
b) the squaresquaresquare with the dimensions of 5 by 5 squares.

How many stones are needed to make the figures of the a) and b) points?

Task 4
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nagranie abstraktu

Open the applet. Fill in the green figure with the blocks of pentomino. Take d as a length of the squaresquaresquare. Write the algebraic expression to describe the perimeter and the area of the polygonpolygonpolygon you have made.

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Geogebra aplet - układanie pentomina. Galeria z opisami alternatywnymi poniżej.
Source: GroMar, licencja: CC BY 3.0.
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nagranie abstraktu

After completing the task the students answer the following questions:

  • How much larger is the areaareaarea of the polygonpolygonpolygon made of all the stones of pentomino than the area of one stone?

  • What does the perimeterperimeterperimeter of the polygon made of all stones depend on?

Notice, that:

  • The area of the polygon made of all stones is twelve times larger than the area of one stone.

  • The perimeter of the polygon made of all stones depends on its shapeshapeshape.

Task 5

Read the rules of pentominopentominopentomino game for two players:

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nagranie abstraktu

At the beginning players draw who starts the game and first puts the stonestonestone on the board. Then, they take turns in putting any stone in such a way its squares cover the squares on the board. The stones neither can come out the board nor lie on the other stones. They can be put in any direction. The person who cannot put any stone on the board loses. The game is also over when there is no more stones for the player who started the game.

Invite someone of your family or friends to play the game with you.

Task 6

An extra task:

Choose one of the stones of pentomino. Then, choose other nine stones to make a figure in the same shapeshapeshape as the stonestonestone you have chosen but with the area of nine times larger.

Remember:

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nagranie abstraktu
  • Pentomino is a puzzle game which consists of 12 different blocks called the stones made of five identical adjacent squares.

  • The areas and the perimeters of all the stones are equal.

  • The area of the polygonpolygonpolygon made of all stones is twelve times larger than the areaareaarea of one stone.

  • The perimeterperimeterperimeter of the polygon made of all stones depends on its shape.

Do the summarizing tasks.

Exercises

Exercise 1
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Source: GroMar, licencja: CC BY 3.0.
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Wersja alternatywna ćwiczenia: Determine which sentence is true. Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. The perimeter of the polygon 1 is 6 times larger than the perimeter of the polygon number 3., 2. The area of the polygon number 3 is 50% larger than the area of the polygon number 2., 3. The area of the polygon 1 equals the area of the polygon number 2., 4. The perimeter of the polygon number 2 equals 20., 5. The area of the polygon number 3 equals 15.
zadanie
Source: GroMar, licencja: CC BY 3.0.
Exercise 2

Use the stones of pentomino to make a rectanglerectanglerectangle with dimensions of 6 by 10 stones. Write the algebraic expressionalgebraic expressionalgebraic expression to describe its perimeter and the area knowing the side of the square is different x.

Exercise 3

Use pentomino to make the figures presented below. Use all the stones.

a)

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Source: GroMar, licencja: CC BY 3.0.

b)

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Source: GroMar, licencja: CC BY 3.0.

Describe the construction of pentomino in English.

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Exercise 4
Wersja alternatywna ćwiczenia: Indicate which pairs of expressions or words are translated correctly. Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. pentomino - pentomino, 2. kamień - stone, 3. wyrażenie algebraiczne - algebraic expression, 4. obwód - perimeter, 5. pole - square, 6. prostokąt - polygon
zadanie
Source: GroMar, licencja: CC BY 3.0.
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Interaktywna gra, polegająca na łączeniu wyrazów w pary w ciągu jednej minuty. Czas zaczyna upływać wraz z rozpoczęciem gry. Jeden ruch to odkrywanie najpierw jednej potem drugiej karty z wyrazem. Każdy wyraz jest odczytywany. Kolejny ruch to odkrywanie trzeciej i czwartej karty. W ten sposób odsłuchasz wszystkie wyrazy. Nawigacja z poziomu klawiatury za pomocą strzałek, odsłuchiwanie wyrazów enterem lub spacją. Znajdź wszystkie pary wyrazów.
Source: Zespół autorski Politechniki Łódzkiej, licencja: CC BY 3.0.

Glossary

pentomino
pentomino

pentomino

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wymowa w języku angielskim: pentomino
stone
stone

kamień

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wymowa w języku angielskim: stone
algebraic expression
algebraic expression

wyrażenie algebraiczne

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wymowa w języku angielskim: algebraic expressions
perimeter
perimeter

obwód

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wymowa w języku angielskim: perimeter
area
area

pole

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wymowa w języku angielskim: area
square
square

kwadrat

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wymowa w języku angielskim: square
rectangle
rectangle

prostokąt

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wymowa w języku angielskim: rectangle
polygon
polygon

wielokąt

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wymowa w języku angielskim: polygon
shape
shape

kształt

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wymowa w języku angielskim: shape

Keywords

pentominopentominopentomino

stonestonestone

algebraic expressionalgebraic expressionalgebraic expression

perimeterperimeterperimeter

areaareaarea