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Application of the exponential function

Source: licencja: CC 0.

Zastosowanie funkcji wykładniczej

Learning objectives

You will get to know the applications of the exponential function in a realistic context.

Learning effect

  • You will learn to apply the exponential function in a realistic context.

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nagranie abstraktu

Recollect what you have already learnt about the exponential functionexponential functionexponential function. The aim of the class is getting to know the application of the exponential function in a realistic context.

Task 1
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nagranie abstraktu

Analyse the graph presenting the changes in the number of inhabitants in two towns.

  • In the beginning there were 25 000 inhabitants in Town A. Every year the number of inhabitants grew by 4%.

  • In the beginning there were 10 000 inhabitants in Town B. Every year the number of inhabitants grew by 10%. Observe how the number of inhabitants of the tow towns has been changing.

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Source: GroMar, licencja: CC BY 3.0.
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nagranie abstraktu
  • After how many years the number of inhabitants of Town B will be bigger than Town A?

  • What is the shape of the curved line representing the change of the number of inhabitants?

Formulate your conclusion.

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nagranie abstraktu

The curved line representing the change of the number of inhabitants has the shape of the exponential function.

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nagranie abstraktu

Analyse the material presented in the applet.

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Aplet geogebra: Populacja bakterii. Poniżej znajduje się galeria będąca wersją alternatywną dla aplikacji.
Source: GroMar, licencja: CC BY 3.0.

Solve the tasks.

Task 2
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nagranie abstraktu

Changing the position of the slider, observe how the number of the population of micro‑organismpopulation of micro‑organismspopulation of micro‑organisms changes. Complete the table for each initial number of micro‑organisms.

  • The initial number of micro‑organisms - 300, 500, 700, 1000.

  • The percentage increase of the micro‑organisms in every hour - 4%, 5%, 10%, 20%.

The initial number
of micro‑organisms

The percentage increase
of the micro‑organisms
in every hour

3rd hour

5th hour

7th hour

10th hour

300

4%

300

5%

300

10%

300

20%

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nagranie abstraktu

What is the shape of the curved line illustrating the change in the number of the population of micro‑organismspopulation of micro‑organismspopulation of micro‑organisms?

Task 3
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nagranie abstraktu

Radioactive isotopes undergo spontaneous degradation. Look for the following ideas in the available sources: half‑life and the relationship describing the change of the sample mass over time. Write down an appropriate conclusion.

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nagranie abstraktu

Half‑life is the term used for the time a sample of radionuclide requires to decrease by half.  

mt=m0·12tT

m0 - the initial sample mass,

mt - the mass of the sample after time t,

T - the half‑life.

Task 4
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nagranie abstraktu

How many milligrams of 131 iodine isotope will remain from the sample of 40 mg after 48 days? What percentage of the isotope will decay in this time?

Decay of radioactive isotopes

Polonium - 214

0,162 ms

Oxygen - 15

2 minutes

Radon - 222

91 hours

Iodine - 131

8 days

Cobalt - 60

5,3 years

Strontium - 90

28 years

Radium - 226

1600 years

Carbon - 14

5730 years

Pluto - 239

24110 years

Potassium 40

1,42 billion years

Uranium - 238

4,5 billion years

Task 5

An extra task:

The mass of a radioactive substance is 100 grams and the decay causes the decrease of its mass by 25% every year.

  1. Write the formula of a function m(t) describing the mass of this substance after a time t (t‑time given in years)

  2. Calculate after how long time the mass of the substance will equal 45,5 grams.

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nagranie abstraktu

Having finished all the tasks, do the consolidation tasks. Write down the conclusions which you should remember.

The properties of the exponential functionexponential functionexponential function are, among others, used to describe:

  • The change of the number of inhabitants of a given town,

  • The change of the number of micro‑organisms,

  • The change of the mass of radioactive isotopes.

Exercises

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Exercise 1
Wersja alternatywna ćwiczenia: Determine which sentence is true. Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. A pine species has the annual growth rate 8%. A pine measuring 1,5 metres was planted. 30 years later the height of the pine will be over 20 metres., 2. The number of inhabitants of a town was 100 000 at the beginning of 2015. The birth rate in this town is constant and equals 0,5% per year. The number of inhabitants of this town was 101 508 at the beginning of 2018.
Exercise 2

Exercise 3

In a living organism (plant or animal) the ratio of the quantity of radioactive isotope of carbon C‑14 to non‑radioactive isotope C -12 equals about 1,5∙10Indeks górny -12. After the death, the quantity of radioactive isotope C‑14 decreases (the half‑life is about 5700 years), the quantity of isotope C‑12 remains the same.

Calculate the age of a find, in which the content of isotope C‑14 equals 60% of the initial content of this isotope.

Exercise 4

Describe in English in which areas the properties of the exponential function are used.

Exercise 5
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Wersja alternatywna ćwiczenia: Indicate which pairs of expressions or words are translated correctly. Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. funkcja wykładnicza - exponential function, 2. populacja drobnoustrojów - population of micro-organisms, 3. liczba mieszkańców miasta - number of inhabitants of a town, 4. rozpad izotopów promieniotwórczych - age of finds, 5. liczba mieszkańców miasta - population of micro-organisms
zadanie
Source: GroMar, licencja: CC BY 3.0.
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Interaktywna gra, polegająca na łączeniu wyrazów w pary w ciągu jednej minuty. Czas zaczyna upływać wraz z rozpoczęciem gry. Jeden ruch to odkrywanie najpierw jednej potem drugiej karty z wyrazem. Każdy wyraz jest odczytywany. Kolejny ruch to odkrywanie trzeciej i czwartej karty. W ten sposób odsłuchasz wszystkie wyrazy. Nawigacja z poziomu klawiatury za pomocą strzałek, odsłuchiwanie wyrazów enterem lub spacją. Znajdź wszystkie pary wyrazów.
Source: Zespół autorski Politechniki Łódzkiej, licencja: CC BY 3.0.

Glossary

age of finds
age of finds

wiek wykopalisk

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wymowa w języku angielskim: age of finds
decay of radioactive isotopes
decay of radioactive isotopes

rozpad izotopów promieniotwórczych

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wymowa w języku angielskim: decay of radioactive isotopes
exponential function
exponential function

funkcja wykładnicza

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wymowa w języku angielskim: exponential function
number of inhabitants of a town
number of inhabitants of a town

liczba mieszkańców miasta

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wymowa w języku angielskim: number of inhabitants of a town
population of micro‑organisms
population of micro‑organisms

populacja drobnoustrojów

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wymowa w języku angielskim: population of micro‑organisms

Keywords

age of findsage of findsage of finds

exponential functionexponential functionexponential function

population of micro‑organismspopulation of micro‑organismspopulation of micro‑organisms