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Algebraic expressions in geometry

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Wyrażenia algebraiczne w geometrii

Learning objectives

You will become familiar with using algebraic expressions in geometry.

Learning effect

  • You write the measuring compounds of the figures by using algebraic expressions.

  • You calculate the numerical value of an algebraic expression.

  • You describe algebraic expressions in English.

Prepare the following figures cut out of self‑adhesive paper:

Also, prepare the following figures cut out of colourful cardboard:

  • two circles with the diameter of 4 cm, cut out into halves (4 semi‑circles),

  • three rectangles with the dimensions of 4 cm and 5 cm.

Recall that expressions in which (apart from numbers, signs and brackets) the letters are used are called algebraic expressions.

Today you are going to become familiar with the sample use of the algebraic expressions in geometry.

By using the algebraic expressions you can describe the correlation between the length of the segments.

Task 1
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nagranie abstraktu

The segment AB has the length a. Using an algebraic expression write the length of the segment KL which is:

a) twice as long as the segment AB,
b) shorter by 3 than the segment AB,
c) half of the segment AB,
d) three times shorter than the segment AB,
e) is longer by 10 than the segment AB.

Answer the following questions:

  1. How do we calculate the perimeterperimeterperimeter of the squaresquaresquare?

  2. How do we calculate the areaareaarea of the squaresquaresquare?

Task 2
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Ilustracja interaktywna przedstawia cztery kwadraty obok siebie. Od lewej: mały kwadrat zaciemniony opisany perimeter równa się 4k i area równa się p; kwadrat składający się z czterech małych kwadratów; kwadrat składający się z dziewięciu małych kwadratów, kwadrat składający się z szesnastu małych kwadratów. Na ilustracji widoczne są numery, a na nich podpisy. 1. The perimeter of the first square equals 8k. The area of the first square equals 4p. {audio}, 2. The perimeter of the second square equals 12k. The area of the second square equals 9p. {audio}, 3. The perimeter of the third square equals 16k. The area of the third square equals 16p. {audio}.
Squares
Source: GroMar, licencja: CC BY 3.0.
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nagranie abstraktu

Answer the following questions:

  1. How many times did the perimeterperimeterperimeter of the squaresquaresquare increase, if the length of its side increased twice?

  2. How many times did the perimeterperimeterperimeter of the squaresquaresquare increase, if the length of its side increased three times?

  3. How many times did the perimeterperimeterperimeter of the squaresquaresquare increase, if the length of its side increased four times?

  4. How many times did the areaareaarea of the squaresquaresquare increase, if the length of its side increased twice?

  5. How many times did the areaareaarea of the squaresquaresquare increase, if the length of its side increased three times?

  6. How many times does the areaareaarea of the squaresquaresquare increase, if the length of its side increased four times?

Note that:

  • The perimeterperimeterperimeter of the squaresquaresquare increases as many times as many times its side enlarges.

  • The areaareaarea of the squaresquaresquare increases four times, if the length of its side increases twice.

  • The areaareaarea of the squaresquaresquare increases nine times, if the length of its side increases three times.

  • The areaareaarea of the squaresquaresquare increases sixteen times, if the length of its side increases four times.

Use the elements you have brought to class to make the figures, write down their areas and perimeters.

Task 3
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nagranie abstraktu

The areaareaarea of the rectanglerectanglerectangle you have brought for the lesson equals x and the areaareaarea of the semi‑circle is y.

Construct the figure made of:

a) two rectangles. Use an algebraic expressionalgebraic expressionalgebraic expression to describe its areaareaarea,
b) two rectangles and two semi‑circles. Use an algebraic expressionalgebraic expressionalgebraic expression to describe its areaareaarea,
c) three rectangles and four semi‑circles. Use an algebraic expressionalgebraic expressionalgebraic expression to describe its area.

Answer the following questions:

  1. How is the areaareaarea of the triangletriangletriangle calculated?

  2. How is the areaareaarea of the rhombusrhombusrhombus calculated?

  3. How is the areaareaarea of the parallelogram calculated?

Use algebraic expressions to write the formulas which are useful for calculating the perimeters and the areas of figures.

Task 4
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nagranie abstraktu

Stick the figures you have cut off self‑adhesive paper into your notebook. Write the algebraic expressions describing the perimeter and the area of every figure marking:

a) the sides of the rectanglerectanglerectangle with the letters k and l,
b) the sides of the rhombusrhombusrhombus with the letter a and its the diagonals with the letters e and f,
c) the sides of triangletriangletriangle with the letter d and its altitude with the letter h.

Task 5
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nagranie abstraktu

An extra task:

One of the edge of the cuboid has the length of x, the second one is twice as long and the third one is four times shorter.

Using algebraic expressions write the areaareaarea and the volume of this cuboid.

Calculate the numerical values of the expressions for x = 10.

Remember:

  • By using algebraic expressions we can describe the correlation between the length of the segments, the perimeters and the areas of figures.

Do the summarising exercise.

Exercises

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Exercise 1
Wersja alternatywna ćwiczenia: Determine which sentences are true. Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. The perimeter of the rectangle with the sides of r and p is equal p + p + r + r., 2. The perimeter of an isosceles triangle with the base of p and the arms of m is equal 2m + p., 3. The perimeter of an equilateral triangle with the side of m is equal m + m + m., 4. The perimeter of the rhombus with the side of p is equal 2p., 5. The perimeter of an isosceles trapezium with the bases of p and r and the arms of m is equal 2m + 2p + r., 6. The perimeter of a parallelogram with the sides of m and p is equal 2(m + p).
Exercise 2

Write the appropriate algebraic expressions. Calculate their numerical value for the given numbers.

a) The perimeter of the rectangle with the sides m and n for m = 1,9; n = 3,5.
b) The area of the rhombus with the diagonals x and y for x = 20, y = 30.
c) An isosceles triangle with the base t and the arms s for s = 12; t = 21.

Exercise 3

The drawing presents two figures: a rectangle with the area a and a semi‑circle with the area b.

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Source: GroMar, licencja: CC BY 3.0.

Using these figures other figures were made, as it is shown below. Write the algebraic expressions describing their areas. Describe the algebraic expressions in English.

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Source: GroMar, licencja: CC BY 3.0.
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Source: GroMar, licencja: CC BY 3.0.
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Source: GroMar, licencja: CC BY 3.0.
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Source: GroMar, licencja: CC BY 3.0.
Exercise 4
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Wersja alternatywna ćwiczenia: Indicate which pairs of expressions or words are translated correctly. Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. wyrażenie algebraiczne - algebraic expression, 2. wartość liczbowa wyrażenia algebraicznego - numeral value of the algebraic expression, 3. obwód - perimeter, 4. pole - area, 5. suma - product, 6. trójkąt - square
zadanie
Source: GroMar, licencja: CC BY 3.0.
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Interaktywna gra, polegająca na łączeniu wyrazów w pary w ciągu jednej minuty. Czas zaczyna upływać wraz z rozpoczęciem gry. Jeden ruch to odkrywanie najpierw jednej potem drugiej karty z wyrazem. Każdy wyraz jest odczytywany. Kolejny ruch to odkrywanie trzeciej i czwartej karty. W ten sposób odsłuchasz wszystkie wyrazy. Nawigacja z poziomu klawiatury za pomocą strzałek, odsłuchiwanie wyrazów enterem lub spacją. Znajdź wszystkie pary wyrazów.
Source: Zespół autorski Politechniki Łódzkiej, licencja: CC BY 3.0.

Glossary

algebraic expression
algebraic expression

wyrażenie algebraiczne  – wyrażenie, w którym, oprócz liczb, znaków działań
i nawiasów, występują litery

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wymowa w języku angielskim: algebraic expressions
area
area

pole

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wymowa w języku angielskim: area
numeral value of the algebraic expression
numeral value of the algebraic expression

wartość liczbowa wyrażenia algebraicznego – wartość wyrażenia obliczona po wstawieniu danych liczb w miejsce liter

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wymowa w języku angielskim: numeral value of the algebraic expression
perimeter
perimeter

obwód

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wymowa w języku angielskim: perimeter
product
product

iloczyn

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wymowa w języku angielskim: product
rectangle
rectangle

prostokąt

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wymowa w języku angielskim: rectangle
rhombus
rhombus

romb

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wymowa w języku angielskim: rhombus
square
square

kwadrat

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wymowa w języku angielskim: square
sum
sum

suma

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wymowa w języku angielskim: sum
triangle
triangle

trójkąt

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wymowa w języku angielskim: triangle

Keywords

algebraic expressionalgebraic expressionalgebraic expression

areaareaarea

numeral value of the algebraic expressionnumeral value of the algebraic expressionnumeral value of the algebraic expression

perimeterperimeterperimeter

sumsumsum