RRRjlUlRxTJ8u

What are the characteristic features of different types of climates?

Source: licencja: CC 0, [online], dostępny w internecie: www.pixabay.com.

Link to the lesson

Before you start you should know
  • that weather is a temporary state of the atmosphere in a given place and time;

  • that climate is a characteristic set of atmospheric processes and phenomena on a given area, determined according to observations and meteorological measurements conducted at least for 30 years;

  • what the reasons and consequences are for different access to sunlight for various zones on Earth’s surface.

You will learn
  • give and explain examples of climates on Earth;

  • based on the climograph for the selected region, discuss the distribution of monthly average air temperatures and precipitations in this region;

  • discuss the mountain climate variety;

  • list factors that are conducive to the formation of a mountain climate.

R6cwINPs8B9IA
Nagranie abstraktu

Why do people build houses? A Papuan protects himself against rain and sun in his home, an Arab – against the daily heat and night cold as well as against the dry wind. A Pole needs a house to hide from the rain, snow and cold, while an Eskimo hides from the cold and wind.

Each climate zone has its own characteristic zonal climatezonal climatezonal climate. There are different types of climates in each zone.

  • In equatorial climates, all types of climates (expect the highest mountain peaks) have really high air temperature. The types of climates characteristic for this zone are different in e.g. precipitation times. The humid equatorial climate is characterized by slight temperature variations and almost daily precipitation throughout the year; the wet subtropical climate is distinguished by slightly higher fluctuations in air temperature and slightly lower precipitation; the dry subtropical climate is equally warm, but has a few months of dry season.

RhcJlzgVPGVMG
Examples of climographes for selected types of climates in the equatorial climate zone.
Source: Tomorrow sp.z o.o., Wikimedia Commons, licencja: CC BY 3.0.

In the tropical climate zone, we can distinguish, among other things, the humid climate in the monsoon zone, the continental dry climate further from the shores, the extremely dry climate within the continents.

  • In the subtropical climate zone, the further from the coast, the drier the climate is: the humid (Mediterranean) climate occurs on the coast, the continental dry climate away from the sea, and the extremely dry climate is within the continents.

  • In the temperate climate zone – both hot and cold – we distinguish such climate types as: marine climate with small annual temperature variations, transitional climate and continental climate with very large annual temperature variations.

RxNiLXKtn0l9d
Examples of climographes for selected types of climates in the temperate climate zone.
Source: Tomorrow sp.z o.o., Wikimedia Commons, licencja: CC BY 3.0.
  • In the subarctic climate, characterized by very low precipitation and low temperatures, we are dealing with a subpolar climate, where short cold summers and long cold winters are typical, and with a polar climate with a negative temperature throughout the year.

Apart from the mountain climate, found in all climate zones, there is also the monsoon climate, typical for the equatorial, tropical, subtropical and temperate climate zones. The main areas of occurrence of the monsoon climate are South Asia, South‑East Asia, and Northern Australia. The monsoon climate is very important for agriculture, especially in Asia - it allows cultivation in areas deep within the continent.

Exercise 1
R12NvQbsEfbES
Opowiedz, czego się dowiedziałeś o górskim klimacie.
Source: Atif Gulzar, Massimo Macconi, Muhammad Mahdi Karim, ustill, licencja: CC BY-SA 2.0.
Exercise 2
R1RlbYqoXSCy7
Match the the name of the climate with the right description. very humid equatorial climate Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. slight temperature variation and almost daily precipitation, 2. average monthly air temperatures above 20 stopni Celsjusza, there is a few months of dry season, 3. very high annual temperature fluctuation, 4. short summars and very long winters dry subequatorial climate Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. slight temperature variation and almost daily precipitation, 2. average monthly air temperatures above 20 stopni Celsjusza, there is a few months of dry season, 3. very high annual temperature fluctuation, 4. short summars and very long winters continental temperate climate Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. slight temperature variation and almost daily precipitation, 2. average monthly air temperatures above 20 stopni Celsjusza, there is a few months of dry season, 3. very high annual temperature fluctuation, 4. short summars and very long winters subarctic climate Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. slight temperature variation and almost daily precipitation, 2. average monthly air temperatures above 20 stopni Celsjusza, there is a few months of dry season, 3. very high annual temperature fluctuation, 4. short summars and very long winters

Summary

  • There have been several climate zones distinguished on Earth: equatorial, tropical, subtropical, temperate and subarctic.

  • Climatic conditions in each climate zone are a result of latitude, but may be modified by the presence of other geographical factors.

  • There are different types of climates in each zone.

  • There are also, independently from climate zones, non‑zonal climates, e.g. on mountains.

  • The characteristic features of the climate can be simplified by using a climograph.

1

Keywords

zonal climate, equatorial climate, subtropical climate, monsoon variety

Glossary

zonal climate
zonal climate
RgcsYJZx2Z1wn
Nagranie słówka: zonal climate

klimat strefowy – klimat o cechach uwarunkowanych szerokością geograficzną i związanymi z nią czynnikami: zróżnicowanym dopływem promieniowania słonecznego do powierzchni Ziemi, globalną cyrkulacją atmosferyczną, układem ośrodków barycznych itp.

climate zone
climate zone
RDPDVQiG913x8
Nagranie słówka: climate zone

strefa klimatyczna – największa jednostka w podziale klimatycznym świata – część powierzchni Ziemi przyjmująca w przybliżeniu kształt równoleżnikowego pasa o zmiennej szerokości, w obrębie którego występują podobne parametry klimatu, np. temperatura powietrza, opad, ciśnienie atmosferyczne itp.

type of climate
type of climate
Rmz5UNTo75USD
Nagranie słówka: type of climate

typ klimatu – jednostka klasyfikacji klimatu świata wydzielona na podstawie zróżnicowania elementów klimatu wewnątrz stref klimatycznych