Topicm1138916aed660039_1528449000663_0Topic

Circle‑line intersection. The tangent segmentstangent segmentstangent segments theorem

Levelm1138916aed660039_1528449084556_0Level

Third

Core curriculumm1138916aed660039_1528449076687_0Core curriculum

VIII. Plane geometry. The student:

1) determines radii and diameters of circles, chords lengths and tangent sections, including the use of the Pythagorean theorem;

12) carries out geometric proofs.

Timingm1138916aed660039_1528449068082_0Timing

45 minutes

General objectivem1138916aed660039_1528449523725_0General objective

Reasoning, including multiple‑stage arguments, giving arguments, justifying the correctness of reasoning, distinguishing a proof from an example.

Specific objectivesm1138916aed660039_1528449552113_0Specific objectives

1. Applying a theorem on sections that are tangent to solve problems, including proving theorems.

2. Communicating in English, developing basic mathematical, computer and scientific competences, developing learning skills.

Learning outcomesm1138916aed660039_1528450430307_0Learning outcomes

The student:

- uses a theorem on sections to solve problems, including proof of theorems;

- performs geometric proofs using the similarities of triangles.

Methodsm1138916aed660039_1528449534267_0Methods

1. Discussion.

Forms of workm1138916aed660039_1528449514617_0Forms of work

1. Individual work.

2. Group work.

Lesson stages

Introductionm1138916aed660039_1528450127855_0Introduction

The teacher informs the students that in the lesson they will learn the theorem about tangents of the circlecirclecircle and they will use it to solve geometric problems.

Students work in pairs, using computers, organize their knowledge about the mutual position of a straight linelineline and a circle.

Procedurem1138916aed660039_1528446435040_0Procedure

Task
Open Geogebra applet: „Mutual position of line and circlecirclecircle”. Change the position of the line relative to the circle and consider the following situations: when the linelineline has no points in common with the circlecirclecircle, when it has one common point, when it has two points in common. Write your observations in the table.

[Geogebar applet]

The summary of this introductory task is the following statement that the students prepare.

Conclusions:

The number of common points of a straight line and a circle

0

1

2

Name of the straight line

separable/ disjoint with the circle

tangent to the circle

secant of the circle

The distance of a straight line from the center of a radius R

> R

= R

< R

The angle between the straight line and the circle radius that runs to the common point of a straight line and circle

90°

< 90°

Students work in groups, proving the theorem about segments tangent to the circlecirclecircle. Each group receives a worksheet with a task, containing a drawing and statements to be used.

Worksheet.

Task
Tangents have been drawn to the circlecirclecircle with the centre S and the radiusradiusradius r with points B and C. The tangents intersect at point A. Prove that |AB| = |AC|.

[Illustration 1]

Choose the statements that you will use in your proof:
1. The bisector of the angle is the geometric place of the equidistant points from the angle rays.

2. Two triangles are congruent if, and only if, the two sides and the angle between them contained in one triangletriangletriangle are respectively equal to the two sides and the angle between them contained in the second triangle (feature SAS).

3. In a right‑angled triangletriangletriangle, the square of the hypotenuse length is equal to the sum of the squares of the lengths of the legs.

The radiusradiusradius of the circlecirclecircle is perpendicular to the tangent at the point of tangencypoint of tangencypoint of tangency.

The groups present prepared proofs of the theorem. The teacher makes sure that two proofs are presented: using the congruence of triangles and using the Pythagorean theorem.

Theorem - about sections tangent to the circle.

- The segments of two tangents drawn from a given circle from a given external point, designated by this point and the corresponding points of tangency are equal.m1138916aed660039_1527752263647_0- The segments of two tangents drawn from a given circle from a given external point, designated by this point and the corresponding points of tangency are equal.

Students do the tasks and then present solutions and explain doubts.

Task
Tangents have been drawn to the circle with the center S and the radius r at points B and C. These tangents intersect at point A. Circles have diameters BD. Prove that the CD segment is parallel to the AS section.m1138916aed660039_1527752256679_0Tangents have been drawn to the circle with the center S and the radius r at points B and C. These tangents intersect at point A. Circles have diameters BD. Prove that the CD segment is parallel to the AS section.

Task
The EOD triangletriangletriangle is given. The circle is tangent to the DE segmentsegmentsegment and to the OD and OE side extensions. Let B be the point of tangencypoint of tangencypoint of tangency of the circle with the straight linelineline OE. Prove that half the perimeter of the triangletriangletriangle EOD is equal to the length of the segment OB.

[Illustration 2]

An extra task:
In the circle with the center S, tangents in points A and B are drawn. These tangents intersect at point C. The sections AB and SC intersect at point M. prove that the radiusradiusradius of the circlecirclecircle is expressed by the formula r=|BC|·|BM||MC|.

Lesson summarym1138916aed660039_1528450119332_0Lesson summary

Students do the revision exercises.

Then together summarize the lesson, by formulating the conclusions to memorize.

- Segments of the two tangents drawn from a circle from a given external point, designated by this point and the corresponding points of tangency are equal.m1138916aed660039_1527712094602_0- Segments of the two tangents drawn from a circle from a given external point, designated by this point and the corresponding points of tangency are equal.

Selected words and expressions used in the lesson plan

circlecirclecircle

kitekitekite

linelineline

point of tangencypoint of tangencypoint of tangency

radiusradiusradius

secant linesecant linesecant line

segmentsegmentsegment

tangent linetangent linetangent line

tangent segmentstangent segmentstangent segments

triangletriangletriangle

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tangent segments1
tangent segments

odcinki styczne

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wymowa w języku angielskim: tangent segments
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okrąg

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wymowa w języku angielskim: circle
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prosta

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radius

promień okręgu

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wymowa w języku angielskim: radius
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trójkąt

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wymowa w języku angielskim: triangle
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punkt styczności

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odcinek

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nagranie abstraktu
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deltoid

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sieczna

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tangent line

styczna

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wymowa w języku angielskim: tangent line