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Floorings and tessellations

Source: licencja: CC 0.

Posadzki i parkietaże

Learning objectives

You will get to know a method of recognizing particular types of polygons.

You will get to know a method of using the properties of polygons in realistic contexts.

Learning effect

  • You will learn how to recognize particular types of polygons.

  • You will learn to use the properties of polygons in realistic contexts.

Find the meaning of the ideas of flooringflooringflooring and tessellations in available sources.

The tessellationtessellationtessellation is the tiling of a plane using adjoining polygons, with no overlaps and no gaps. The flooringflooringflooring is the top covering of a floor, often decorative.

The aim of the class is getting to know the possibility of using polygons to make tessellations and decorative floorings. Patterns on floorings are often made of regular polygons, which means the polygons whose all sides and angles are equal. You will observe the process of making tessellations, as repetitive elements, using the applet.

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Aplet geogebra: PARKIETAŻ. Poniżej znajduje się galeria będąca wersją alternatywną dla aplikacji.
Source: GroMar, licencja: CC BY 3.0.

Observe how the shape of one polygonpolygonpolygon, a single element of the tessellationtessellationtessellation, changes when the position of its apex changes. Use the terminology referring to polygons (a convex polygonpolygonpolygon, a concave polygonpolygonpolygon, a heptagon, etc.). Give examples of popular tessellations, that they know (e.g. ceramic tiles or woodblocks). Draw the patterns on the board. Use the diagram TESSELLATIONS, where you can see a flooringflooringflooring patternpatternpattern commonly found in palaces to solve the tasks.

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Source: GroMar, licencja: CC BY 3.0.
Task 1
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nagranie abstraktu
  1. How many different types of polygons do you need to make a patternpatternpattern similar to the one in the illustration? Give their names.

  2. What do you think – can any type of polygonpolygonpolygon be used to make a tessellationtessellationtessellation? What does it depend on?

  3. The point where the polygons used to make a tessellationtessellationtessellation “meet” is called the vertex of the tessellationtessellationtessellation. Find the measure of “touching” angles in one vertex of the tessellationtessellationtessellation. Find their sum. Have you noticed anything?

The conclusion
The sum of the angles with a mutual vertex in a tessellationtessellationtessellation measures 360 degrees.

Use the information to solve the tasks.

Task 2
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nagranie abstraktu

What is the maximum number of triangles “touching” at the vertex of the tessellationtessellationtessellation? And how many hexagons?

Task 3
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nagranie abstraktu

Complete the sentences with appropriate number.

a) [tu uzupełnij] equilateral triangles and a regular hexagon.
b) 3 triangles and [tu uzupełnij] squares.
c) A square, a regular dodecagon and [tu uzupełnij] triangles can “meet” at one vertex of a tessellation.
a) [tu uzupełnij] equilateral triangles and a regular hexagon.
b) 3 triangles and [tu uzupełnij] squares.
c) A square, a regular dodecagon and [tu uzupełnij] triangles can “meet” at one vertex of a tessellation.
Task 4
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nagranie abstraktu

What properties of polygons are used to design decorative floorings?

Task 5
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nagranie abstraktu

Design your own template to make tessellations. Cut the designed figure out of a cardboard and check the correctness of your patternpatternpattern by making drawings.

Do the consolidation tasks. Formulate the conclusions that you need to remember.

  1. The tessellationtessellationtessellation is the tiling of a plane using adjoining polygons, with no overlaps and no gaps. The flooringflooringflooring is the top covering of a floor, often decorative.

  2. The sum of the angles with a mutual vertex in a tessellationtessellationtessellation measures 360 degrees.

Exercises

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Exercise 1
Wersja alternatywna ćwiczenia: Determine which sentence is true. Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. A plane can be covered with squares., 2. 5 vertices of squares “meet” at one vertex of a tessellation., 3. A plane cannot be covered with equilateral triangles., 4. The sum of the angles at one vertex in a tessellation equals a straight angle.
Exercise 2

Design a tessellation made of only squares and equilateral triangles. Make a template cutting appropriate figures out of adhesive paper and stick them on a cardboard.

Exercise 3

Justify in English that making a tessellation of only regular pentagons is impossible.

Exercise 4
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Wersja alternatywna ćwiczenia: Indicate which pairs of expressions or words are translated correctly. Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. posadzka - flooring, 2. parkietaż - tessellation, 3. wzór - pattern, 4. wielokąt - polygon, 5. kwadrat - pentagon, 6. sześciokąt - square
zadanie
Source: GroMar, licencja: CC BY 3.0.
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Interaktywna gra, polegająca na łączeniu wyrazów w pary w ciągu jednej minuty. Czas zaczyna upływać wraz z rozpoczęciem gry. Jeden ruch to odkrywanie najpierw jednej potem drugiej karty z wyrazem. Każdy wyraz jest odczytywany. Kolejny ruch to odkrywanie trzeciej i czwartej karty. W ten sposób odsłuchasz wszystkie wyrazy. Nawigacja z poziomu klawiatury za pomocą strzałek, odsłuchiwanie wyrazów enterem lub spacją. Znajdź wszystkie pary wyrazów.
Source: Zespół autorski Politechniki Łódzkiej, licencja: CC BY 3.0.

Glossary

pattern
pattern

wzór

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wymowa w języku angielskim: pattern
equilateral triangle
equilateral triangle

trójkąt równoboczny

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wymowa w języku angielskim: equilateral triangle
flooring
flooring

posadzka - wierzchnia warstwa podłogi, często dekoracyjna

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wymowa w języku angielskim: flooring
hexagon
hexagon

sześciokąt

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wymowa w języku angielskim: hexagon
pentagon
pentagon

pięciokąt

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wymowa w języku angielskim: pentagon
polygon
polygon

wielokąt

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wymowa w języku angielskim: polygon
square
square

kwadrat

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wymowa w języku angielskim: square
tessellation
tessellation

parkietaż - pokrycie płaszczyzny wielokątami przylegającymi do siebie, ale nie zachodzącymi na siebie

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wymowa w języku angielskim: tessellation

Keywords

patternpatternpattern

flooringflooringflooring - the top covering of a floor, often decorative

polygonpolygonpolygon

tessellationtessellationtessellation - the tiling of a plane using adjoining polygons, with no overlaps and no gaps