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Quadratic monomial and its properties. Translating the plot of the quadratic monomial along axis of the coordinate system

Source: licencja: CC 0.

Jednomian kwadratowy i jego własności. Przesunięcie wykresu jednomianu kwadratowego wzdłuż osi układu współrzędnych

Learning objectives

  • You will learn to draw the plot of a monomial and identify its properties as well as draw plots of functions y=a(x-p)2 and y=ax2+q based on the plot of the functionplot of the functionplot of the function y=ax2.

Learning effect

  • You draw the plot of a monomial and identify its properties as well as draw plots of functions y=a(x-p)2 and y=ax2+q based on the plot of the function y=ax2.

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nagranie abstraktu

Prepare information divided into such groups:

  1. Quadratic monomial – the general formula, the plot.

  2. Properties of the quadratic monomial.

  3. Transformations of plots of functions.

1. Quadratic monomial – the general formula, the plot.

General formula of the exponential function: f(x)=ax2 where xR,

The plot of the functionplot of the functionplot of the function f(x)=x2 where xR.

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Source: GroMar, licencja: CC BY 3.0.
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nagranie abstraktu
  • The plot of the function f(x)=x2 where xR is called a parabola.

  • The point O = (0, 0) is called the vertex of the parabolavertex of the parabolavertex of the parabola.

  • The vertex divides the parabola into two parts called arms of the parabola.

  • The line x = 0 is the parabola’s axis of symmetryparabola’s axis of symmetryparabola’s axis of symmetry.

  • The greater the absolute value of the coefficient a, the closer the arms are to the axis Y.

  • If the coefficient acoefficient acoefficient a> 0, then the parabola opens up.

  • If the coefficient a < 0, then the parabola opens down.

2. Properties of the quadratic monomial.

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nagranie abstraktu
  • The domain is the set of real numbers.

  • The range is the interval 0,).

  • The axis of symmetry of the plot is the line x = 0.

  • It has one root x = 0.

  • It is decreasing in the interval (-,0) and decreasing in the interval (0,).

  • It reaches the smallest value equal to 0 for the argument 0, it does not reach the greatest value.

  • It is not injective.

3. Transformation of the plot of the functionplot of the functionplot of the function.

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nagranie abstraktu
  • By translating the plot of the function y=ax2 by p units along the X axis in accordance with the direction of the axis, we obtain the plot of the function y=a(x-p)2.

  • By translating the plot of the function y=ax2 by q units along the Y axis in accordance with the direction of the axis, we obtain the plot of the function y=ax2+q.

Task 1
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nagranie abstraktu

Open the applet and analyse how the plot of monomials changes in discussed translations and how the plot of the function looks in various cases.

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Aplikacja geogebra - Przekształcenia wykresów jednomianów. Poniżej znajduje się galeria będąca wersją alternatywną dla aplikacji.
Translations of plots of monomials
Source: GroMar, licencja: CC BY 3.0.
Task 2
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nagranie abstraktu

Knowing that f(x)=x2, g(x)=-x2 and h(x)=2x2, calculate:

  • f(13), f(-3)

  • g(2), g(-2)

  • h(12), h(-1)

Task 3
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nagranie abstraktu

Draw plots of functions:

  • y=2x2-2

  • y=12(x-2)2

Task 4
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nagranie abstraktu

Give formulas of functions presented in the plot and then give their properties.

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Source: GroMar, licencja: CC BY 3.0.
Task 5

An extra task:

Prove that if the function f is defined by the formula f(x)=x2, where xR then for each natural number n, the difference f(n+3)-f(n+1) is a number that can be divided by four.

Do the revision exercises.

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nagranie abstraktu
  • The plot of the functionplot of the functionplot of the function f(x)=x2 where x ∈ R, is called a parabola.

  • The point O = (0, 0) is called the vertex of the parabolavertex of the parabolavertex of the parabola.

  • The vertex divides the parabola into two parts called arms of the parabola. 

  • The line x = 0 is the parabola’s axis of symmetryparabola’s axis of symmetryparabola’s axis of symmetry

  • The greater the absolute value of the coefficient a, the closer the arms are to the axis Y. 

  • If the coefficient acoefficient acoefficient a > 0, then the parabola opens up. 

  • If the coefficient a < 0, then the parabola opens down. 

  • By translating the plot of the function y=ax2 by p units along the X axis in accordance with the direction of the axis, we obtain the plot of the function y=a(x-p)2

  • By translating the plot of the function y=ax2 by q units along the Y axis in accordance with the direction of the axis, we obtain the plot of the function y=ax2+q.

Exercises

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Exercise 1
Wersja alternatywna ćwiczenia: Give the maximum compartment in which the function y = 3(x - 5)2 is increasing. Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. 〈-5,∞), 2. (-∞,-5〉, 3. 〈5,∞), 4. (-∞,5〉
zadanie
Source: GroMar, licencja: CC BY 3.0.
Exercise 2

Draw the plot of the monomial y=3x2, and then a plot created as a result of translating this plot 5 units down along the Y axis. Write the equation of the obtained parabola, the coordinates of its vertex and the equation of the axis of symmetry.

Exercise 3

Draw the plot of the monomial y=-x2 and identify its properties in English.

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Exercise 4
Wersja alternatywna ćwiczenia: Indicate which pairs of expressions or words are translated correctly. Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. wykres funkcji - plot of the function, 2. wierzchołek paraboli - vertex of the parabola, 3. oś symetrii paraboli - parabola’s axis of symmetry, 4. przesunięcie wykresu funkcji y=ax2 o q jednostek wzdłuż osi OY - translation of the plot y=ax2 by q units along the Y axis, 5. ramiona paraboli - vertex of the parabola, 6. oś symetrii paraboli - plot of the function
zadanie
Source: GroMar, licencja: CC BY 3.0.
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Interaktywna gra, polegająca na łączeniu wyrazów w pary w ciągu jednej minuty. Czas zaczyna upływać wraz z rozpoczęciem gry. Jeden ruch to odkrywanie najpierw jednej potem drugiej karty z wyrazem. Każdy wyraz jest odczytywany. Kolejny ruch to odkrywanie trzeciej i czwartej karty. W ten sposób odsłuchasz wszystkie wyrazy. Nawigacja z poziomu klawiatury za pomocą strzałek, odsłuchiwanie wyrazów enterem lub spacją. Znajdź wszystkie pary wyrazów.
Source: Zespół autorski Politechniki Łódzkiej, licencja: CC BY 3.0.

Glossary

coefficient a
coefficient a

współczynnik a

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wymowa w języku angielskim: coefficient a
parabola’s arms
parabola’s arms

ramiona paraboli

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wymowa w języku angielskim: parabola’s arms
parabola’s axis of symmetry
parabola’s axis of symmetry

oś symetrii paraboli

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wymowa w języku angielskim: parabola’s axis of symmetry
plot of the function
plot of the function

wykres funkcji

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wymowa w języku angielskim: plot of the function
translation of the plot along the X axis
translation of the plot along the X axis

przesunięcie wykresu funkcji wzdłuż osi OX

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wymowa w języku angielskim: translation of the plot along the X axis
translation of the plot of the function
translation of the plot of the function

przesunięcie wykresu funkcji

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wymowa w języku angielskim: translation of the plot of the function
vertex of the parabola
vertex of the parabola

wierzchołek paraboli

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wymowa w języku angielskim: vertex of a parabola

Keywords

coefficient acoefficient acoefficient a

parabola’s axis of symmetryparabola’s axis of symmetryparabola’s axis of symmetry

plot of the functionplot of the functionplot of the function

vertex of the parabolavertex of the parabolavertex of the parabola