Topic: Hydrocarbon derivatives – a repetition lesson

Target group

Elementary school student (grades 7. and 8.)

Core curriculum:

Elementary school. Chemistry.

IX. Hydrocarbon derivatives. The student:

1. writes summary formulas, draws semi‑structural (group) and structural formulas of straight‑chain monohydroxy alcohols containing up to five carbon atoms in a molecule; creates their systematic names; divides the alcohols into mono- and polyhydric acids;

3. writes the total and semi‑structural (group) formula of propane‑1,2,3‑triol (glycerol); investigates its physical properties; lists its uses;

6. explains what the esterification reaction is about; writes the reaction equations between carboxylic acids (methane, ethane) and alcohols (methanol, ethanol); creates systematic and customary names of esters based on the names of the corresponding carboxylic acids (methane, ethane) and alcohols (methanol, ethanol); plans and conducts experiments to obtain an ester with the given name; describes the properties of esters in terms of their applications.

General aim of education

The student repeats knowledge and vocabulary in the field of: Hydrocarbon derivatives.

Key competences

• communication in foreign languages;

• digital competence;

• learning to learn.

Criteria for success
The student will learn:

• to ask questions and answer your friends' questions about hydrocarbon derivatives;

• consolidate the material from the lesson: „Alcohols – structure”, „Alcohols – properties”, „Alcohols – effects on the human body”, „Polyhydric alcohols”, „Carboxylic acids – properties”, „Esters – structure and properties”;

• to consolidate the vocabulary related to the theme of hydrocarbon derivatives.

Methods/techniques

• expository

  • talk.

• activating

  • discussion;

  • brainstorming.

• programmed

  • with computer;

  • with e‑textbook.

• practical

  • exercices concerned.

Forms of work

• individual activity;

• activity in pairs;

• activity in groups;

• collective activity.

Teaching aids

• e‑textbook;

• notebook and crayons/felt‑tip pens;

• interactive whiteboard, tablets/computers.

Before classes

1. Before the planned repetitive lesson, the teacher asks all students to recall the material of the e‑textbook from Alcohols – structure”, „Alcohols – properties”, „Alcohols – effects on the human body”, „Polyhydric alcohols”, „Carboxylic acids – properties”, „Esters – structure and properties”, in order to be able to summarize the material read in your own words and solve the tasks and take part in the discussion.

2. Volunteers prepare a crossword related to the issues raised in the abstract „Alcohols – effects on the human body”.

Lesson plan overview

Introduction

1. The teacher defines the goal of the lesson and sets the criteria for success together with the students.

2. The teacher reminds the participants of the classes what subject area the lesson will concern.

Realization

1. The teacher displays interactive boards (Task 1). He asks students what chemical compounds are shown based on the formulas. Then the teacher asks the students to remind them what they know about the construction of alcohol. Students give their suggestions during brainstorming. Ideas are verified and the answers are placed on the board.

2. The teacher asks students to recall the properties of alcohol. Willing/selected students answer, and the rest of the class improves or complements the statements of colleagues. Students in pairs solve the exercise on ethanol properties to consolidate information.

3. The teacher plays the recording from the lesson „Polyhydric alcohols”. He informs students that their task will be to write questions to the content of the recording and the expected answers. Specifies the time to complete the task and plays the recording. After completing the task, willing / selected students present their questions and the rest of the class answers them. The teacher watches over their correctness.

4. The teacher plays the recording of the lessons „Carboxylic acids – properties”. He informs students that their task will be to write questions to the content of the recording and the expected answers. Specifies the time to complete the task and plays the recording. After completing the task, willing/selected students present their questions and the rest of the class answers them. The teacher watches over their correctness.

5. The teacher divides the class into groups. He informs that each of them will be asked to prepare three questions about esters for other groups.

6. After the preparatory phase, there is a competition phase. Each group must respond to questions prepared by other groups based on the generator contained in the abstract. The teacher controls the course of the game, checking the correctness of the answer and saving the current status of the points. The group that wins the competition should be rewarded by the teacher with the appropriate grade.

7. The teacher displays the board with the esterification reaction (Task 5). Students analyze the reaction and call the substances involved in it.

8. Students solve interactive exercises with abstract about esters and recognition of chemical compounds based on structural formulas.

9. Expanding and enriching English vocabulary in the issues covered in the lesson - students perform language exercises included in the abstract. The teacher makes sure that the tasks have been correctly completed and gives feedback.

10. At the end, the students solve the crossword prepared by their colleagues. The teacher initiates a short discussion about the influence of alcohol on people.

Summary

1. Teacher asks: If there was going to be a test on the material we have covered today, what questions do you think would you have to answer? If the students do not manage to name all the most important questions, the teacher may complement their suggestions.

Homework

1. Imagine that you have the opportunity to interview an academic - a specialist in the field of today's lesson. What questions would you like to ask him? Write them down.

The following terms and recordings will be used during this lesson

Terms

Texts and recordings

Hydrocarbon derivatives – a repetition lesson

Links to the lessons: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6

Links to the abstracts: 1D17pD2kqt1, 2D9o2X5aSZ2, 3DxJYpjhhZ3, 4DTFQ76mB94, 5D5LqxmOA75, 6DTiRqUjPq6

Before you begin solving the exercises, review abstracts „Alcohols – structure”, „Alcohols – properties”, „Alcohols – effects on the human body”, „Polyhydric alcohols”, „Carboxylic acids – properties”, „Esters – structure and properties” to recall the most important information and vocabulary. Then you will be able to check your knowledge. Good luck!

• The alcohol fermentation products are ethanol and carbon dioxide.

• Methanol and ethanol contain one functional group in their molecules. These are monohydric alcohols.

• Monohydric alcohols are compounds in which one hydrogen atom has been replaced by a monovalent group – OH.

• Methanol and ethanol are flammable substances. These are subject to complete and incomplete combustion reactions.

• Methanol and ethanol have many common physical properties and are therefore difficult to distinguish. Methanol is a poison, and ethyl alcohol has a negative effect on the human body.

• Alcohols have many applications.

• Alcohols dissolve well in water.

• The pH of aqueous solutions of alcohols is neutral.

• In Poland, it is prohibited to buy and consume ethyl alcohol by people under 18 years of age.

• Glycerol and glycerine are common names of the same chemical compound – propanetriol.

• The glycerol molecule consists of three hydroxyl groups.

• Glycerol is a thick oily, colourless and odourless liquid with a sweet taste. It is not a poisonous substance.

• Glycerol is widely used in the cosmetics, food and textile industries.

• Carboxylic acids react with hydroxides, metals and metal oxides, to form salts.

• The reaction of aqueous solutions of carboxylic acids that have short carbon chains, and the electrical conductivity, are evidence of electrolytic dissociation.

• Pure acetic acid is a colourless, corrosive liquid. It is hygroscopic (it absorbs moisture from the air).

• At temperatures below 16°C, it forms crystals that resemble ice in appearance. It is also called glacial acetic acid.

• Acetic and formic acids dissolve well in water.

• Esters are an important group of compounds in living organisms.

• Esters are obtained as a result of esterification reaction, i. e. reaction of carboxylic acids with alcohols.

• In the esterification reaction sulfuric acid acts as a catalyst, i. e. accelerates the reaction process.

• General formula for esters is RIndeks dolny 1₁COORIndeks dolny 2₂, and the characteristic group is the ester group –COO–.

• Esters are slightly soluble in water, but dissolve well in organic solvents and are therefore used as solvents for paints and varnishes.

• Some esters have a pleasant smell and these are used, among others, in the production of perfumes and essential oils.