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Polygons and their properties II

Source: licencja: CC 0.

Wielokąty i ich własności II

Learning objectives

  • You will learn the definition and the properties of parallelograms.

  • You will learn to recognise, draw and use the properties of parallelograms.

  • You will learn to calculate the area and perimeter of parallelograms.

Learning effect

  • You recognise, draw and use the properties of parallelograms and axially symmetric polygons.

  • You communicate in English to describe the ways to calculate the area and perimeter of the parallelogram.

A parallelogram
Definition: A parallelogram

A tetragon that has two pairs of parallel sides is called a parallelogramparallelogramparallelogram.

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Source: epodreczniki.pl, licencja: CC BY 3.0.
A rhombus
Definition: A rhombus
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nagranie abstraktu

If all sides in a parallelogramparallelogramparallelogram are equal, the parallelogram is called a rhombusrhombusrhombus.

Task 1
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nagranie abstraktu

Open the applet. Step by step observe how changing the location of the apexes of the parallelogram affects the changes of the lengths of the diagonals in the parallelogramparallelogramparallelogram and the angleangleangle at which they intersect.

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Geogebra aplet - zmiana położenia wskazanych wierzchołków równoległoboku. Galeria z opisami alternatywnymi poniżej.
Source: GroMar, licencja: CC BY 3.0.

Answer the following questions:

  • Can you set the location of apex S in such a way that the diagonals are of the same length and the sides are different?

  • Can you set the location of apex S in such a way that the sides are of the same length and the diagonals are different?

  • Can you set the location of apex S in such a way that the angleangleangle at which the diagonals cross is the right angle and the diagonals are of the same length?

  • What is point O for each diagonaldiagonaldiagonal of the parallelogramparallelogramparallelogram?

Task 2
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nagranie abstraktu

Fill in the blanks.

- Diagonals in a parallelogram which is not a rectangle are of [tu uzupełnij] length.
- If a parallelogram is a rectangle, then its diagonals are of [tu uzupełnij] length.
- In a parallelogram whose adjacent sides have different lengths the diagonals [tu uzupełnij] perpendicular.
- Diagonals in a parallelogram which is not a rectangle are of [tu uzupełnij] length.
- If a parallelogram is a rectangle, then its diagonals are of [tu uzupełnij] length.
- In a parallelogram whose adjacent sides have different lengths the diagonals [tu uzupełnij] perpendicular.
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nagranie abstraktu

Properties of a parallelogramparallelogramparallelogram:

  • The diagonals of a parallelogramparallelogramparallelogram bisect each other.

  • Each diagonaldiagonaldiagonal of a parallelogram separates it into two congruent triangles.

  • The point of intersection of the diagonals determines the centre of symmetry of the parallelogram.

  • Opposite angles are congruent.

  • The sum of adjacent angles is 180°.

  • If all sides of a parallelogramparallelogramparallelogram are equal, the parallelogram is called a rhombusrhombusrhombus.

  • If all angles in a parallelogram are equal, the parallelogram is called a rectanglerectanglerectangle.

  • If a parallelogram has equal sides and angles, the parallelogramparallelogramparallelogram is called a squaresquaresquare.

The area of a parallelogram
Rule: The area of a parallelogram
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nagranie abstraktu

The areaareaarea of a parallelogramparallelogramparallelogram is equal to the product of the basebasebase and the altitudealtitudealtitude perpendicular to this basebasebase.

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Source: epodreczniki.pl, licencja: CC BY 3.0.
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nagranie abstraktu

The area of a squaresquaresquare and the areaareaarea of a rhombusrhombusrhombus can be calculated by using their diagonals.

The area of a square and a rhombus
Rule: The area of a square and a rhombus
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nagranie abstraktu

The area of a squaresquaresquare is equal to half of the square of its diagonaldiagonaldiagonal.

The areaareaarea of a rhombusrhombusrhombus is equal to half of the product of its diagonals.

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Source: epodreczniki.pl, licencja: CC BY 3.0.
Task 3
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nagranie abstraktu

Calculate the areaareaarea of a parallelogramparallelogramparallelogram whose side is equal to 5 cm and the altitudealtitudealtitude perpendicular to the side is 4 cm.

Task 4
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nagranie abstraktu

The sum of the lengths of the diagonals of the rhombusrhombusrhombus is 15 cm. One diagonaldiagonaldiagonal is twice as long as the other. Calculate the areaareaarea of the rhombus.

Task 5

An extra task:

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nagranie abstraktu

The ratio of two sides of a rectanglerectanglerectangle is 2 : 5. Calculate the areaareaarea of the rectangle, knowing that its perimeterperimeterperimeter is equal to 42 cmIndeks górny 2.

Exercises

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Exercise 1
Wersja alternatywna ćwiczenia: Determine which sentences are true. Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. The diagonals of a rhombus are perpendicular., 2. The diagonals of a deltoid have the same length., 3. Each rectangle is parallelogram., 4. The diagonals of a rectangle are perpendicular., 5. Each parallelogram is a rectangle., 6. Each parallelogram whose sides have the same length is a square.
Exercise 2

The area of a parallelogram whose sides are equal to 4 cm and 8 cm is 48 cmIndeks górny 2. Calculate the lenghths of altitudes of this parallelogram.

Exercise 3

Draw any parallelogram whose diagonals are equal to 5 cm and 8 cm.

Describe the elements of its construction in English.

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Exercise 4
Wersja alternatywna ćwiczenia: Indicate which pairs of expressions or words are translated correctly. Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. romb - rhombus, 2. pole - area, 3. równoległobok - parallelogram, 4. prostokąt - rectangle, 5. przekątna - perimeter, 6. wysokość - diagonal
zadanie
Source: GroMar, licencja: CC BY 3.0.
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Interaktywna gra, polegająca na łączeniu wyrazów w pary w ciągu jednej minuty. Czas zaczyna upływać wraz z rozpoczęciem gry. Jeden ruch to odkrywanie najpierw jednej potem drugiej karty z wyrazem. Każdy wyraz jest odczytywany. Kolejny ruch to odkrywanie trzeciej i czwartej karty. W ten sposób odsłuchasz wszystkie wyrazy. Nawigacja z poziomu klawiatury za pomocą strzałek, odsłuchiwanie wyrazów enterem lub spacją. Znajdź wszystkie pary wyrazów.
Source: Zespół autorski Politechniki Łódzkiej, licencja: CC BY 3.0.

Glossary

altitude
altitude

wysokość

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wymowa w języku angielskim: altitude
angle
angle

kąt

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wymowa w języku angielskim: angle
area
area

pole

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wymowa w języku angielskim: area
base
base

podstawa

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wymowa w języku angielskim: base
diagonal
diagonal

przekątna

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wymowa w języku angielskim: diagonal
parallelogram
parallelogram

równoległobok

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wymowa w języku angielskim: parallelogram
perimeter
perimeter

obwód

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wymowa w języku angielskim: perimeter
rectangle
rectangle

prostokąt

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wymowa w języku angielskim: rectangle
rhombus
rhombus

romb

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wymowa w języku angielskim: rhombus
square
square

kwadrat

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wymowa w języku angielskim: square

Keywords

parallelogramparallelogramparallelogram - czworokąt, który ma dwie pary boków równoległych

perimeterperimeterperimeter

rectanglerectanglerectangle

rhombusrhombusrhombus - równoległobok, który ma równe bok

squaresquaresquare - równoległobok, który ma równe boki i kąty