This is Poland! - Polish culture during the partitions
to describe the most eminent Polish artists of the second half of the 19th century;
to list their most distinguished works;
to explain how they influenced the Poles during the partitions of Poland;
to explain the meaning of the statement „for making bold the hearts”.
In the Russian partition, representatives of Polish culture had to struggle with censorship. The only partition where Poles were relatively free to speak out was Galicia (Austrian partition). In spite of all this, many works were created on Polish soil, the basic aim of which was to „make bold the hearts”. They were supposed to develop and preserve Polish national identity so that it could survive the difficult period of the partitions. This became particularly important after the collapse of the January Uprising. Historical events were often the source of inspiration. Among the greatest artists of this period were novelist Henryk Sienkiewicz, playwright Stanisław Wyspiański and painter Jan Matejko.
Indicate the creative fields of the artists. Some artists were active in more than one field.
| Name of the artist | Theatre | Painting | Literature | Music |
| Stanisław Moniuszko | □ | □ | □ | □ |
| Stanisław Wyspiański | □ | □ | □ | □ |
| Henryk Sienkiewicz | □ | □ | □ | □ |
| Jan Matejko | □ | □ | □ | □ |
Familiarise yourself with the fate of the most eminent Polish artists of the time of the partitions.
Complete the text by inserting the following keywords in the empty spaces.
Nobel Prize, Prussian Homage, 1884-1888, historical painting, national consciousness, Quo vadis?, of May 3, 1791, Henryk Sienkiewicz
For Poles who did not live in an independent state, ............................................ played a very important role. The most eminent representative of this kind of art in Poland was Jan Matejko, for whom the source of inspiration were great victories of the Polish army and important events from the Polish history. These include paintings such as Battle of Grunwald, ............................................ or Constitution ............................................. These works were remarkably patriotic in character and strengthened the ............................................ and patriotism of the Polish people. Similar goals were pursued by some of the Polish writers whose intention was to "make bold the hearts". The most prominent among them was ............................................, whose novels The Knights of the Cross and the Trilogy, written in the years ............................................, became a great bestseller in all three partitions. However, not only Poles appreciated the artistry of his work - novel ............................................ gained a lot of recognition and popularity abroad, thanks to which Henryk Sienkiewicz was awarded a ............................................ in literature in 1905.
Match the pairs: English words with Polish definition.
autor utworu muzycznego., nagroda przyznawana od 1901 roku ustanowiona przez Alfreda Nobla za wybitne osiągnięcia naukowe, literackie i społeczne., nadworny błazen polskich królów słynący z dowcipu i mądrości., poczucie przynależności do jakiegoś narodu lub nacji oraz jego historii, kultury i historii., osoba kierująca orkiestrą lub zespołem muzycznym., autor wierszy, poezji. Człowiek o artystycznej duszy.
| Poet | |
| Composer | |
| Conductor | |
| National consciousness | |
| Nobel Prize | |
| Stańczyk |
Keywords
composer, poet, conductor, Nobel Prize, national consciousness, partitions, culture
Glossary
Poeta – autor wierszy, poezji. Człowiek o artystycznej duszy.
Kompozytor – autor utworu muzycznego.
Dyrygent – osoba kierująca orkiestrą lub zespołem muzycznym.
Świadomość narodowa – poczucie przynależności do jakiegoś narodu lub nacji oraz jego historii, kultury i historii.
Nagroda Nobla – nagroda przyznawana od 1901 roku ustanowiona przez Alfreda Nobla za wybitne osiągnięcia naukowe, literackie i społeczne.
Stańczyk – nadworny błazen polskich królów słynący z dowcipu i mądrości.