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Neoclassicism

Łazienki Palace (Palace on the Isle) in Warsaw, south elevation
Source: Artur Malinowski, licencja: CC BY 2.0.

Link to the lesson

You will learn
  • you will characterise the classicistic and rococorococorococo art

  • you will explain the phenomenon of patronagepatronagepatronage

  • you will indicate and describe the neoclassicisticneoclassicisticneoclassicistic art heritage objects in Poland

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Nagranie abstraktu

Before the lesson

Search a source of your choice for information on rococo and make a short note concerning features of that style, especially in painting.

NeoclassicismneoclassicismNeoclassicism in Poland

The new style derived from fascination with classicalclassicalclassical antiquity. Its formation in the middle of the 18th century was influenced both by major archeological discoveries in Rome, Pompei and Herculaneum and the Enlightenment ideas spread by French encyclopedists, preaching the postulates of moral and social mission of the art. It coincided with the period of deep social and political changes initiated by the Great French Revolution. The fall of the absolute monarchy and the change of the status of power from „the one vested in by the God” to the civic opened the age of modernity.

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Exercise 1
Do you know the difference between the following terms: classical i classicistic? Match the terms with definitions. classical Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. antique, referring to ancient Greek or Roman culture; concordant with the rules of proportion, restraint, pursuing harmony; perfect, considered exemplar, 2. antique art styled; relating to classicism classicistic Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. antique, referring to ancient Greek or Roman culture; concordant with the rules of proportion, restraint, pursuing harmony; perfect, considered exemplar, 2. antique art styled; relating to classicism
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Source: Anton von Maron, Johann Joachim Winckelmann, domena publiczna.

Johann Joachim Winckelmann (1717–1768) – German researcher of ancient art, coauthor and main theoretician of Neoclassicism, librarian and curator of collections of cardinals of Rome. Promoted knowledge on heritage objects discovered in Pompei and Herculaneum. Author of the first scientific study on ancient art entitled „Geschichte der Kunst des Alterthums” and published in 1764. Admirer of the Greek culture, father of history of art, who introduced the concept of style, and the method and language of the description of a piece of art.

Exercise 2

Read the text of Johanna Joachim Winckelmann and list the postulates which constituted the basis of the 18th century classicismclassicismclassicism.

Exercise 3
Korzystając z dostępnych źródeł, dowiedz się więcej na temat cech architektury  klasycystycznej.
Korzystając z dostępnych źródeł, dowiedz się więcej na temat cech architektury  klasycystycznej.
Exercise 4

Recall or check in available sources what patronage was. Do you remember any ancient work in which its author addressed his/her patronpatronpatron?

Exercise 5
Dowiedz się więcej o życiu i twórczości Canaletta. Jaki był jego związek z Warszawą?
Dowiedz się więcej o życiu i twórczości Canaletta. Jaki był jego związek z Warszawą?
For interested
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Source: Marcello Bacciarelli, Stanisław II August in coronation robes, 1764, domena publiczna.

An Italian painter Marcello Bacciarelli was the aulic painter and artisctic advisor (counterpart of a minister of culture) of Stanisław August Poniatowski. He created plafonds and decorations of the Royal Castle in Warsaw and also numerous portraits of the king, his family and representatives of Polish nobility. Józef Maria Grassi (1757–1838), an Austrian painter, author of portraits of Józef Poniatowski and Tadeusz Kościuszko also worked for the court. Within the scope of architecture the royal patronage concentrated on three important objects: redevelopment and modernization of the Royal Castle, the Ujazdowski Castle and the Palace on the Isle in Łazienki.

Exercise 6

Using Google Maps, plan a trip entitled: „Canaletto's Warsaw”, during which any person will be able to visit the places depicted in the artist's painings. Write a text encouraging others to participate in such a walk. Take a list of heritage sites worth attention into account.

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Exercise 7
Match the features with the correct art style. rococo Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. distant style of forms, 2. sensuality and eroticism, 3. finesse, lightness and grace, 4. major role of drawing, 5. subjects of social games (fêtes galantes), 6. richness of decorations, 7. pastel colours, 8. sublime subjects from the mythology, 9. restraint, 10. simplicity and readible composition, 11. local colour assigned to a form, 12. sophistication neoclasicism Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. distant style of forms, 2. sensuality and eroticism, 3. finesse, lightness and grace, 4. major role of drawing, 5. subjects of social games (fêtes galantes), 6. richness of decorations, 7. pastel colours, 8. sublime subjects from the mythology, 9. restraint, 10. simplicity and readible composition, 11. local colour assigned to a form, 12. sophistication
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Wyjaśnij kluczowe pojęcia związane z tematem abstraktu.

Keywords

classicism, neoclassicism, rococo, patronage

Glossary

classicism
classicism
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Nagranie słówka: classicism

klasycyzm

neoclassicism
neoclassicism
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Nagranie słówka: neoclassicism

neoklasycyzm

classical
classical
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Nagranie słówka: classical

klasyczny

neoclassicistic
neoclassicistic
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Nagranie słówka: neoclassicistic

klasycystyczny

rococo
rococo
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Nagranie słówka: rococo

rokoko

patronage
patronage
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Nagranie słówka: patronage

mecenat

patron
patron
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Nagranie słówka: patron

mecenas

finesse
finesse
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Nagranie słówka: finesse

finezja

grace
grace
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Nagranie słówka: grace

wdzięk

splendour
splendour
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Nagranie słówka: splendour

przepych

sophistication
sophistication
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Nagranie słówka: sophistication

wyrafinowanie

restraint
restraint
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Nagranie słówka: restraint

powściągliwość

veduta
veduta
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Nagranie słówka: veduta

weduta