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Graph of a quadratic function written in the vertex form

Source: licencja: CC 0.

Wykres funkcji kwadratowej zapisanej wzorem w postaci kanonicznej

Learning objectives

You will develop the competencies: communicating in English, mathematical and basic scientific‑technical and IT competence, the learning skills.

You will learn what the vertex form of the quadratic function is.

Learning effect

  • You plot a graph of the function f(x)=a(x-p)2+q.

  • You determine the properties of the function f(x)=a(x-p)2+q based on its graph.

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nagranie abstraktu

Remind how the function formulaformulaformula changes when the graph is shifted along the OX axis and along the OY axis.

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nagranie abstraktu

If you shift the graph of functionfunctionfunction y=f(x) by:

  • p p>0 units to the right along the OX axis then you get the graph of the functiongraph of the functiongraph of the function y=f(x-p)

  • p p>0 units to the left along the OX axis then you get the graph of the function y=f(x+p)

  • q q>0 units up along the OY axis then you get the graph the function y=f(x)+q

  • q q>0 units down along the OY axis then you get the graph of the functiongraph of the functiongraph of the function y=f(x)-q

Task 1
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nagranie abstraktu

Find a formulaformulaformula of the function g which graph was obtained as a result of shifting the graph of the functionshifting the graph of the functionshifting the graph of the function f(x)=2x2 by 3 units to the left along the axis OX.

Find a formulaformulaformula of the functionfunctionfunction h which graph was obtained as a result of shifting the graph of the functionshifting the graph of the functionshifting the graph of the function g by 4 units up along the axis OY.

Task 2
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nagranie abstraktu

Find a formulaformulaformula of the function g which graph was obtained as a result of shifting the graph of the functionshifting the graph of the functionshifting the graph of the function f(x)=-2x2 by 3 units to the left along the axis OX.

Find a formulaformulaformula of the functionfunctionfunction h which graph was obtained as a result of shifting the graph of the functionshifting the graph of the functionshifting the graph of the function g by 4 units up along the axis OY.

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nagranie abstraktu

Using the results of your work determine the formulaformulaformula of the functionfunctionfunction which graph was obtained as a result of shifting the graph of the functionshifting the graph of the functionshifting the graph of the function f(x)=ax2 by p units along the OX axis and q units along the OY axis.

Formulate the conclusion.

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nagranie abstraktu

Shifting the graph of the functionshifting the graph of the functionShifting the graph of the function f(x)=ax2, where a0, by p units along the OX and q units along the OY axis results in a graph of the functiongraph of the functiongraph of the function y=a(x-p)2+q. The formulaformulaformula is called the vertex formvertex formvertex form of a quadratic equation.

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nagranie abstraktu

Apply the acquired knowledge in exercises.

Task 3
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nagranie abstraktu

Determine the formulaformulaformula of the functionfunctionfunction which graph was obtained as a result of shifting the graph of the functionshifting the graph of the functionshifting the graph of the function y=4x2 by 3 units to the left along the OX axis and then 5 units down along the OY axis.

Task 4
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nagranie abstraktu

The functionfunctionfunction graph y=-38x-32+6 was obtained as a result of shifting the graph of the functionshifting the graph of the functionshifting the graph of the function y=ax2 by p units along the OX axis and q units along the OY axis. Find the numbers a, p, q.

Task 5
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nagranie abstraktu

Open the applet and observe how the p and q numbers in the quadratic functionquadratic functionquadratic function formula vary, depending on the change of the coordinates of the parabola's vertex, which is the graph of this functionfunctionfunction. Draw the conclusion.

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Aplet geogebry. Postać kanoniczna funkcji kwadratowej. Poniżej znajduje się galeria będąca wersją alternatywną dla aplikacji.
Source: GroMar, licencja: CC BY 3.0.
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nagranie abstraktu

The parabola ist the graph of the functiongraph of the functiongraph of the function y=ax-p2+q, where a0 . The parabola is congruent to the graph of the functionfunctionfunction y=ax2. The parabola’s vertex is the point W(p,q).

Task 6
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nagranie abstraktu

Sketch the graph of a given functionfunctionfunction and discuss its properties.

  1. y=(x-4)2-1

  2. y=-(x+1)2

  3. y=4-3(2+x)2

Task 7

An extra task:

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nagranie abstraktu

Determine the formulaformulaformula of the quadratic functionquadratic functionquadratic function f in the vertex formvertex formvertex form assuming that for the argument (-5) the functionfunctionfunction has the maximum valuevaluevalue (-8) and the point A(-3,-9) lies on the graph.

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nagranie abstraktu

Perform consolidating exercises.

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nagranie abstraktu

Students perform consolidating exercises. Then they summarize together the activities, formulating conclusions to be remembered:

Exercises

Exercise 1
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Wersja alternatywna ćwiczenia: Determine which sentences are true. Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. The number 3 is the maximum value of the function (x)=-(x-3)2+5., 2. The number 7 is the maximal value of the function g(x)=-4x2+7., 3. The number (-8) is the minimum value of the function h(x)=3(x-2)2-8., 4. The number 4 is the minimum value of the function s(x)=12(x+4)2+2., 5. The ordered pair (2,7) is the vertex of the parabola described by the equation y=-14(x-2)2+7., 6. The ordered pair (3, -5) is the vertex of the parabola described by the equation y=2(x+3)2-5.
zadanie
Source: GroMar, licencja: CC BY 3.0.
Exercise 2

A graph of a quadratic function f was obtained as a result of shifting the function y=-13x2. The function f is increasing function in the interval (-,-3 and decreasing function in the interval -3,). The maximal value of this function is the number 3. Determine the function formula f in the vertex form.

Exercise 3

Describe in English the properties of the function f(x)=4(x-2)2+15.

Exercise 4
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Wersja alternatywna ćwiczenia: Indicate which pairs of expressions or words are translated correctly. Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. funkcja kwadratowa - quadratic function, 2. postać kanoniczna funkcji kwadratowej - vertex form, 3. przesunięcie wykresu funkcji - shifting of a graph of a function, 4. wykres funkcji - graph of a function, 5. wierzchołek paraboli - range of a function, 6. zbiór wartości funkcji - increasing function
zadanie
Source: GroMar, licencja: CC BY 3.0.
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Interaktywna gra, polegająca na łączeniu wyrazów w pary w ciągu jednej minuty. Czas zaczyna upływać wraz z rozpoczęciem gry. Jeden ruch to odkrywanie najpierw jednej potem drugiej karty z wyrazem. Każdy wyraz jest odczytywany. Kolejny ruch to odkrywanie trzeciej i czwartej karty. W ten sposób odsłuchasz wszystkie wyrazy. Nawigacja z poziomu klawiatury za pomocą strzałek, odsłuchiwanie wyrazów enterem lub spacją. Znajdź wszystkie pary wyrazów.
Source: Zespół autorski Politechniki Łódzkiej, licencja: CC BY 3.0.

Glossary

decreasing function
decreasing function

funkcja malejąca

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wymowa w języku angielskim: decreasing function
formula
formula

formuła

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wymowa w języku angielskim: formula
function
function

funkcja

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wymowa w języku angielskim: function
graph of the function
graph of the function

wykres funkcji

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wymowa w języku angielskim: graph of the function
increasing function
increasing function

funkcja rosnąca

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wymowa w języku angielskim: increasing function
quadratic function
quadratic function

funkcja kwadratowa

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wymowa w języku angielskim: quadratic function
shifting the graph of the function
shifting the graph of the function

przesunięcie wykresu funkcji

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wymowa w języku angielskim: shifting the graph of the function
value
value

wartość

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wymowa w języku angielskim: value
vertex form
vertex form

postać kanoniczna funkcji kwadratowej

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wymowa w języku angielskim: vertex form
vertex of the parabola
vertex of the parabola

wierzchołek paraboli

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wymowa w języku angielskim: vertex of a parabola

Keywords

graph of the functiongraph of the functiongraph of the function

quadratic functionquadratic functionquadratic function

shifting the graph of the functionshifting the graph of the functionshifting the graph of the function

vertex formvertex formvertex form – funkcja kwadratowa opisana wzorem y = a(x – p)Indeks górny 2 + q, gdzie a0

vertex of the parabolavertex of the parabolavertex of the parabola