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Study on uniform rectilinear motion

Source: licencja: CC 0.

Badanie ruchu jednostajnego prostoliniowego

You will learn
  • the method of studying uniform rectilinear motion,

  • to define characteristics of uniform rectilinear motion using English vocabulary.

Exercise 1

Answer the questions.

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nagranie abstraktu

a. What quantities are used to describe the movement of the body?
b. What do we call the motion track?
c. How do we calculate the speed of the body?

Experiment 1
Experiment 1
Research problem
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nagranie abstraktu

Determining the relationship between physical quantities describing the rectilinear motion of bodies moving at a constant speed.

Hypothesis
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nagranie abstraktu

In uniform rectilinear motionuniform rectilinear motionuniform rectilinear motion, the distance is directly proportional to time, and the instantaneous speed is constant.

You will need
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nagranie abstraktu

1. a glass tube about 1 m long and 1 cm in diameter,
2. oil, olive oil or water,
3. a ruler or paper tape (length 100 cm),
4. two plugs matched to the diameter of the glass tube,
5. stopwatch,
6. pen or pencil.

Instruction
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nagranie abstraktu

1. Fill the glass tube with liquid.
2. Leave a small air bubble in the tube.
3. Close both ends of the tube with plugs.
4. Attach the paper tape to the wall of the glass tube or place a ruler on it.
5. Turn the tube over and observe the movement of the air bubble.
6. Mark the position of the air bubble on a tape or ruler at regular intervals.
7. Record the results in the table below.

Measurement table

s [m]

t [s]

v [m/s]

Summary
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nagranie abstraktu

The distances that the bubble travelled were the same at regular intervals.

Task 1
During 20 minutes, one car covered 20000 m and the sedond car at the same time covered 16 km. Calculate the speed of both cars. Which one was moving at a higher speed? Show results in metres per second and kilometres per hour.
During 20 minutes, one car covered 20000 m and the sedond car at the same time covered 16 km. Calculate the speed of both cars. Which one was moving at a higher speed? Show results in metres per second and kilometres per hour.
Task 2
Calculate the time it takes to travel 500 m at a speed of 30 kilometres per hour. Give the result in seconds, minutes and hours.
Calculate the time it takes to travel 500 m at a speed of 30 kilometres per hour. Give the result in seconds, minutes and hours.
Conclusion
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nagranie abstraktu

In the uniform rectilinear motionuniform rectilinear motionuniform rectilinear motion, the body travels the same distances at regular time intervals.

In uniform rectilinear motion, instantaneous speed is constant. This means that the instantaneous speed in this movement is equal to the average speed. In the speed vs. time graph, we get a straight linestraight linestraight line parallel to the time axis.

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Ilustracja interaktywna przedstawia schemat układu do badania ruchu jednostajnego. Na stole po lewej stoi wózek oznaczony numerem 3. Nad nim, z lewej strony narysowany jest kroplomierz oznaczony numerem 1, z jego prawej strony narysowana jest naciągnięta nitka oznaczona numerem 2. Nitka z prawej strony nawinięta jest na szpulę oznaczoną numerem 4. Szpula ustawiona jest na gramofonie oznaczonym numerem 5. Na ilustracji widoczne są numery, a na nich podpisy. 1. dropper {audio}, 2. thread {audio}, 3. cart {audio}, 4. spool {audio}, 5. gramophone {audio}.
Alternative system for studying uniform motion
Source: GroMar, licencja: CC BY 3.0.
Exercise 2
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nagranie abstraktu

During 15 minutes, Janek travelled 1500 m and Marek at the same time covered 2 km. Calculate the speed of both boys. Which one was moving at a higher speed. Show results in ms and kmh.

Exercise 3
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nagranie abstraktu

The car covered 180 km in 2,5 hours. What distance will the car cover when driving with the same speed for 3 hours and 20 minutes?

Exercise 4
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nagranie abstraktu

Calculate the time it takes to travel 300 m at a speed of 20 kmh. Give the result in seconds, minutes and hours.

Summary
  • In order to experimentally determine the speed value, the distance and the motion time should be measured.

  • The speed in uniform rectilinear motionuniform rectilinear motionuniform rectilinear motion has the constant value.

  • The value of:
    - the speed in this motion is calculated from the formula v=st,
    - the distance in this motion is calculated from the formula s=vt,
    - the time in this motion is calculated from the formula t=sv,
    where:
    v - speed (e.g. kmh, ms),
    t - time (e.g. s, h),
    s - distance (e.g. km, m).

  • The graphgraphgraph of the speed value vs. time is the horizontal line parallel to the time axis.

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    Speed vs. time graph in uniform rectilinear motion is a straight line parallel to the time axis
    Source: GroMar, licencja: CC BY 3.0.

Exercises

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Exercise 5
Wersja alternatywna ćwiczenia: Determine which sentences are true. Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. The graph of speed vs. time in uniform rectilinear motion is a straight line parallel to the time axis., 2. Distance in uniform rectilinear motion is constant., 3. Time in uniform rectilinear motion is inversely proportional to distance., 4. Speed in linear rectilinear motion is constant., 5. The straight line inclined at an angle (other than 0 degrees) to the time axis is the graph of speed vs. time in uniform rectilinear motion.
Exercise 6

The students performed the experiment and the results were collected in the table below.

s [m]

0

2

4

6

t [s]

0

0,15

0,30

0,45

Calculate the speed of the body in this motion.

What type of motion is this?

What speed will the body have after 10 seconds? Explain.

Exercise 7

Write in English what is uniform motion and suggest your own experiment how to determine the speed in this motion.

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Exercise 8
Wersja alternatywna ćwiczenia: Indicate which pairs of expressions or words are translated correctly. Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. ruch jednostajny prostoliniowy - uniform rectilinear motion, 2. ruch jednostajny - uniform motion, 3. wykres - graph, 4. linia prosta - straight line, 5. prędkość średnia - instantaneous velocity, 6. prędkość chwilowa - average velocity
zadanie
Source: GroMar, licencja: CC BY 3.0.
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Interaktywna gra, polegająca na łączeniu wyrazów w pary w ciągu jednej minuty. Czas zaczyna upływać wraz z rozpoczęciem gry. Jeden ruch to odkrywanie najpierw jednej potem drugiej karty z wyrazem. Każdy wyraz jest odczytywany. Kolejny ruch to odkrywanie trzeciej i czwartej karty. W ten sposób odsłuchasz wszystkie wyrazy. Nawigacja z poziomu klawiatury za pomocą strzałek, odsłuchiwanie wyrazów enterem lub spacją. Znajdź wszystkie pary wyrazów.
Source: Zespół autorski Politechniki Łódzkiej, licencja: CC BY 3.0.

Glossary

average velocity
average velocity

prędkość średnia

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wymowa w języku angielskim: average velocity
graph
graph

wykres

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wymowa w języku angielskim: graph
instantaneous velocity
instantaneous velocity

prędkość chwilowa

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wymowa w języku angielskim: instantaneous velocity
straight line
straight line

linia prosta

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wymowa w języku angielskim: straight line
uniform motion
uniform motion

ruch jednostajny

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wymowa w języku angielskim: uniform motion
uniform rectilinear motion
uniform rectilinear motion

ruch jednostajny prostoliniowy

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wymowa w języku angielskim: uniform rectilinear motion

Keywords

average velocityaverage velocityaverage velocity

graphgraphgraph

instantaneous velocityinstantaneous velocityinstantaneous velocity

uniform motionuniform motionuniform motion

uniform rectilinear motionuniform rectilinear motionuniform rectilinear motion