Topicme559cf259d78dd12_1528449000663_0Topic

Types of theorems

Levelme559cf259d78dd12_1528449084556_0Level

Second

Core curriculumme559cf259d78dd12_1528449076687_0Core curriculum

VIII. Properties of planar geometric figures. The student:

8) knows and uses the Pythagorean theoremtheoremtheorem in practical situation (without the converse of the theoremconverse of the theoremconverse of the theorem).

Timingme559cf259d78dd12_1528449068082_0Timing

45 minutes

General objectiveme559cf259d78dd12_1528449523725_0General objective

Using mathematical objects, interpreting mathematical concepts.

Specific objectivesme559cf259d78dd12_1528449552113_0Specific objectives

1. Identifying the assumptionassumptionassumption and thesisthesisthesis in the theoremtheoremtheorem.

2. Deriving the converse of the theoremconverse of the theoremconverse of the theorem and determining whether it is true or false.

3. Communicating in English, developing basic mathematical, computer and scientific competences, developing learning skills.

Learning outcomesme559cf259d78dd12_1528450430307_0Learning outcomes

The student:

- identifies the assumptionassumptionassumption and thesisthesisthesis in the theoremtheoremtheorem,

- derives the converse of the theoremconverse of the theoremconverse of the theorem and determines whether it is true or false.

Methodsme559cf259d78dd12_1528449534267_0Methods

1. Discussion.

2. Chain of associations.

Forms of workme559cf259d78dd12_1528449514617_0Forms of work

1. Individual work.

2. Group work.

Lesson stages

Introductionme559cf259d78dd12_1528450127855_0Introduction

The teacher introduces the subject of the class: deriving the theorems and their types.

Task
Using the internet resources, students find the examples of theorems and their construction.

Procedureme559cf259d78dd12_1528446435040_0Procedure

Together the students sum‑up and order the information they gathered.

- A theoremtheoremtheorem is a sentence that describes a fact, correlation or equality that can be proved using the known, previously established statements.

- The first part of such sentence is an assumptionassumptionassumption that describes the conditions under which the theoremtheoremtheorem is true.

- The second part is a thesisthesisthesis that includes the property that occurs when the conditions described in the assumption are fulfilled.

Task
Identify the assumptionassumptionassumption and the thesisthesisthesis in the theorems below.

- If the angles are congruent, the measure of their angles is the same.

- If a natural number is divided by 6 then this number is also divided by 2.

- If a triangle is an isosceles one, then all its angles are 60°.

Task
Students change the order of the simple sentences of the theorems from the previous task.

They consider, if the sentences created in such a way are also theorems. Are they true?

Together they construct the definition of the converse of the theoremconverse of the theoremconverse of the theorem.

- A theorem that is converse to the T theorem exists when the assumption of the T theorem is the thesis and the thesis of the T theorem is the assumption.me559cf259d78dd12_1527752263647_0- A theorem that is converse to the T theorem exists when the assumption of the T theorem is the thesis and the thesis of the T theorem is the assumption.

Task
Students write down the statements below as a conditional sentence, using the phrase „If … then …”. They identify the assumptionassumptionassumption and the thesisthesisthesis in each of the obtained theorems. They decide, if it is true or false.

- In the rhombus the diagonals are perpendicular.

- A natural number divided by 9 is also divided by 3.

- In an isosceles triangle the interior angles are equal.

- A theorem is true if we can prove it. Proving a theorem is using the assumption and a reasoning to obtain the thesis if the statement is correct.me559cf259d78dd12_1527752256679_0- A theorem is true if we can prove it. Proving a theorem is using the assumption and a reasoning to obtain the thesis if the statement is correct.

Task
Students work individually using computers. Their task is to deicde, if the theoremtheoremtheorem and its converse of the theoremconverse of the theoremconverse of the theorem are true.

[Geogebra applet]

If a tetragon is a square, then its diagonals intersect at a right angle. If in a tetragon, the diagonals intersect at the right angle, then it is a square.me559cf259d78dd12_1527712094602_0If a tetragon is a square, then its diagonals intersect at a right angle. If in a tetragon, the diagonals intersect at the right angle, then it is a square.

Task
Students give the example of a true theoremtrue theoremtrue theorem and its converse of the theoremconverse of the theoremconverse of the theorem, i.e. a false theoremfalse theoremfalse theorem. Together they exchange their ideas.

Task
Students make a chain of associations in which they fill in the gaps with the terms they learnt during the class.

Lesson summaryme559cf259d78dd12_1528450119332_0Lesson summary

Students do the revision exercises.

Then together they sum‑up the classes, by formulating the conclusions to memorise.

- A theoremtheoremtheorem is a sentence that describes a fact, correlation or equality that can be proved using the known, previously established statements.

- The first part of such sentence is an assumptionassumptionassumption that describes the conditions under which the theorem is true.

- The second part is a thesisthesisthesis that includes the property that occurs when the conditions described in the assumption are fulfilled.

- A theorem that is converse to the T theoremtheoremtheorem exists when the assumption of the T theorem is the thesis and the thesis of the T theorem is the assumption.

- A theorem is true if we can prove it. Proving a theoremtheoremtheorem is using the assumptionassumptionassumption and a reasoning to obtain the thesisthesisthesis if the statement is correct..

Selected words and expressions used in the lesson plan

assumptionassumptionassumption

converse of the theoremconverse of the theoremconverse of the theorem

false theoremfalse theoremfalse theorem

theoremtheoremtheorem

thesisthesisthesis

true theoremtrue theoremtrue theorem

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theorem1
theorem

twierdzenie

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converse of the theorem1
converse of the theorem

twierdzenie odwrotne

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assumption1
assumption

założenie

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thesis1
thesis

teza

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true theorem1
true theorem

twierdzenie prawdziwe

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false theorem1
false theorem

twierdzenie fałszywe

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wymowa w języku angielskim: false theorem