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Angles in circles

Source: licencja: CC 0.

Kąty w okręgu

Learning objectives

You will learn the definition and the properties of angles of the circles.

You will learn how to make use of the properties of angles in circles.

Learning effect

  • You recognize angles in circles. You can apply the properties of angles in the circle.

  • You can describe the ways of applying the properties of angles in circles in English.

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nagranie abstraktu

Draw a circle and a few angles with the vertices on the circle or inside the circle.

Propose some classification of these angles, e.g. due to the position of the vertex of anglevertex of anglevertex of angle.

The central angle
Definition: The central angle
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nagranie abstraktu

The central anglecentral anglecentral angle is an angleangle angle whose vertex is at the center of the circle.

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Source: epodreczniki.pl, licencja: CC BY 3.0.
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nagranie abstraktu

The angleangle angle ASC is subtended by the arcarcarc AC. The arcarcarc AC is intercepted by the angle ASC.

Points A and C cut the circle into two arcs. The AC arcarcarc is a part of the circle running from point A to point C in a counter‑clockwise direction. Arcs AC and CA are different.

Task 1
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nagranie abstraktu

- The central anglecentral anglecentral angle ASC of a measuremeasuremeasure α is subtended by the arcarcarc AC. Find the measuremeasuremeasure of the central angle subtended on the arcarcarc CA.

- What is the largest possible measure of a central anglecentral anglecentral angle?

- The central anglecentral anglecentral angle intercepts an arcarcarc whose length is equal to 19 of the circle's circumferencecircumferencecircumference. What is the measure of this angleangleangle?

Task 2

An extra task:

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nagranie abstraktu

Let n be a positive natural number. What is the measuremeasuremeasure of the center anglecentral anglecenter angle that intercepts an arcarcarc whose length is equal to 1n of the circumferencecircumferencecircumference of the circle?

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nagranie abstraktu
The inscribed angle
Definition: The inscribed angle

The inscribed angleinscribed angleinscribed angle is an angleangle angle whose vertex lies on the circle and whose arms are two secant lines.

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Source: epodreczniki.pl, licencja: CC BY 3.0.
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nagranie abstraktu

The angleangleangle ABC is subtended by the arc AC. The arcarcarc AC is intercepted by the angleangle angle ABC. The vertex B does not lie on this arcarcarc.

Task 3
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nagranie abstraktu

Open the applet. Change the position of the point on a circle and observe how the measuremeasuremeasure of the inscribed angleinscribed angleinscribed angle changes. Write conclusions based on your observations.

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Geogebra aplet - kąt wpisany. Galeria z opisami alternatywnymi poniżej.
Source: GroMar, licencja: CC BY 3.0.

Conclusion:

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nagranie abstraktu
  • The longer the arcarcarc, the greater the measuremeasuremeasure of the inscribed angleinscribed angleinscribed angle.

  • The inscribed angles subtended by the same arcarcarc have equal measures.

Task 4
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nagranie abstraktu

A square ABCD is inscribed in a circle. Find the length of the arc that is intercepted by the inscribed angleinscribed angleinscribed angle ABC. Generalize your observations. Remember that inscribed angles subtended by the same arcarcarc have equal measures.

Conclusion:

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nagranie abstraktu
  • An inscribed angleinscribed angleinscribed angle subtended by a semicircle is a right angleright angleright angle.

    This property of angles subtended by a semicircle can be formulated differently: a triangle inscribed in a circle, for which one of the sides is the diameterdiameterdiameter of the circle, is the right triangle. The diameterdiameterdiameter of the circle is the hypotenuse of this triangle.

Task 5
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nagranie abstraktu

Highlight the arcs subtended by the angles ASC and ABC.

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Source: GroMar, licencja: CC BY 3.0.
Task 6

An extra task:

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nagranie abstraktu

In a regular hexagon ABCDEF, the ACF angleangle angle between the diagonals AC and CF is 30°. What is the measuremeasuremeasure of the angleangle angle CFD between the diagonals CF and DF?

A hint:
Enter a hexagon in a circle and consider the angles ACF and CFD as angles inscribed in a circle.

Exercises

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Exercise 1
Wersja alternatywna ćwiczenia: Determine which sentences are true. Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. The vertex of the central angle is the center of the circle., 2. The vertex of the inscribed angle lies on the circle., 3. The inscribed angles' arms are radii of a circle., 4. The center of the circle lies on the arms of an inscribed angle.
Exercise 2

A right triangle was inscribed in a circle. What is the measure of the central angle formed by the hypotenuse of this triangle? What is the measure of the inscribed angle formed by the other sides of this triangle?

Exercise 3

Draw an inscribed angle ACB in such a way that the center of circle lies on the ray of the angle. Draw the central angle ASB which intercepts the same arc.

Describe your drawing in English.

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Exercise 4
Wersja alternatywna ćwiczenia: Match Polish terms with their English equivalents. średnica okręgu Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. arc, 2. diameter, 3. secant line, 4. angle, 5. central angle łuk Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. arc, 2. diameter, 3. secant line, 4. angle, 5. central angle prosta zawierająca cięciwę Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. arc, 2. diameter, 3. secant line, 4. angle, 5. central angle kąt Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. arc, 2. diameter, 3. secant line, 4. angle, 5. central angle kąt środkowy Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. arc, 2. diameter, 3. secant line, 4. angle, 5. central angle
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Glossary

angle
angle

kąt

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wymowa w języku angielskim: angle
arc
arc

łuk

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wymowa w języku angielskim: arc
central angle
central angle

kąt środkowy

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wymowa w języku angielskim: east longitude
circumference
circumference

okrąg

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wymowa w języku angielskim: circumference
diameter
diameter

średnica okręgu

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wymowa w języku angielskim: diameter
inscribed angle
inscribed angle

kąt wpisany

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wymowa w języku angielskim: in the increasing order
measure
measure

miara

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wymowa w języku angielskim: measure
right angle
right angle

kąt prosty

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wymowa w języku angielskim: right angle
secant line
secant line

prosta zawierająca cięciwę

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wymowa w języku angielskim: i
vertex of angle
vertex of angle

wierzchołek kąta

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nagranie abstraktu

Keywords

arcarcarc

central anglecentral anglecentral angle - kątem środkowym okręgu nazywamy kąt, którego wierzchołek jest środkiem okręgu

inscribed angleinscribed angleinscribed angle - kątem wpisanym w okrąg nazywamy kąt, którego wierzchołek leży na okręgu, a jego ramionami są półproste zawierające dwie cięciwy tego okręgu

diameterdiameterdiameter

secant linesecant linesecant line