R19vFS0RKYfxd

Does oil rule the world?

Source: licencja: CC 0, [online], dostępny w internecie: www.pixabay.com.

Link to the lesson

Before you start you should know
  • how diverse the Earth's climate is;

  • how organic rocks are formed;

  • that countries use a variety of energy sources;

  • that the Middle East produces about one third of the world's oil.

You will learn
  • to explain the changes in energy demand in the modern world;

  • to present the structure of the use of energy raw materials;

  • to specify the consequences of being dependent on fossil fuels;

  • to explain the meaning of the phrase: „oil rules the world”.

R1aLEv05CbwMf
nagranie abstraktu

Changes in energy demand

RqMFlgXOYrtzG
Why is the demand for energy increasing?
Source: licencja: CC 0.

We need more and more energy not only because the number of people in the world is constantly growing. The technologies we use, the new inventions, the measures aimed at making life easier, etc., require more energy, even if they are becoming less energy‑consuming. Energy consumption around the world is growing faster than population. The rapid growth of energy consumption is particularly evident in developing countries where economic development is accompanied by rapid population growth and economic progress.

RzLDPpVcjgq58
Energy consumption and world population
Source: Dariusz Adryan, licencja: CC BY 3.0.

Most natural resources are not distributed evenly across the Earth. This is also the case with energy raw materials. Therefore, there is a disproportion between the volume of energy production and energy consumption between continents.

R1DXwflKTDOIR
Share of continents in energy production and consumption (%)
Source: Dariusz Adryan, licencja: CC BY 3.0.

North America has a similar proportion in both production and consumption. Asia and Europe consume more energy than they are able to produce themselves. In turn, Africa, countries (mainly Russia) and Pacific countries with Australia at the forefront produce more energy than they consume.

If the difference between the amount of energy used and the amount of energy produced is positive, it means that the region is dependent on the supply of energy raw materials. This is the case, for example, in Europe, which produces 8% of the world's energy but consumes almost twice as much –14%.j energii, ale zużywa niemal dwa razy więcej – 14%.

Changes in the structure of energy production

Between 1990 and 2010 the share of non‑renewable energy sources in the world energy sector almost did not change and amounted to about 84%. By 2040 their share is expected to decrease, but it will still be over 75%.

This is due, among other things, to the fact that the structure of energy production is changing as the economy develops: fossil fuels are becoming less and less important.

R1Y4eC8NEHRQE
Structure of energy sources. Analysis of developing countries such as Congo, Angola, and highly developed - Japan. Data from 2014.
Source: Dariusz Adryan, licencja: CC BY 3.0.

Consequences of being dependent on fossil fuels

Dependence on fossil fuels has many consequences. In the case of coal mines, mine dumps are created and galleries collapse which causes land subsidence. Removal of mine water lowers the level of groundwaters and creates cones of depression. The extracted raw materials have to be transported, so railway lines, roads and pipelines are being built. The effects of combustion include dust, sulphur oxides that cause acid rain, carbon dioxide that (according to many opinions) increases the greenhouse effect and the acidification of the oceans.

The income for exporters is an economic consequence. This is particularly important in the case of developing countries that possess energy resources, and that usually do not have many other more profitable opportunities to obtain a foreign currency for which they can buy the necessary goods.

Country

Ratio of the energy from import to the energy produced from domestic sources

Country

Ratio of the energy from import to the energy produced from domestic sources

Japan

17,7

United Arab Emirates

0,3

Taiwan

8,6

Algieria

0,3

South Korea

5,4

Saudi Arabia

0,3

Italy

5,0

Colombia

0,3

Portugal

4,7

Kuwait

0,2

Belgium

4,1

Norway

0,2

Task 1

Explain what oil is and where it is used. Search for areas with the largest oil reserves and specify the percentage of the world's oil reserves held by regions or countries. You can use different sources of information.

R145LCBhdZ7tr
Wykonaj zadanie zgodnie z poleceniem.
Task 2

Explain the role of OPEC (Organisation of the Petroleum Exporting Countries) and name its member countries.

RkdKU4Q1ByeQZ
Wykonaj zadanie zgodnie z poleceniem.

Another example of the political importance of oil is the Organisation of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)OPEC(OPEC). It consists of 12 countries, mainly from the Middle East, but also from Africa and South America. As they extract together approx. 40% of the world's oil and make decisions on the volume of production, they determine the price of oil on the global market. This in turn affects the costs of transporting and producing many goods, e.g. fuels, plastics, paints, plant protection products. Manufacturing and delivery costs determine the prices of products, and thus the sales volume. Even the impact of oil prices on interest rates has been observed. It can be concluded that oil prices have a great impact on economic growth.

R12nrSbUt9pcc
Share of selected countires in world oil production and consumption
Source: Dariusz Adryan, licencja: CC BY 3.0.
R1Rqo5DdH4k2Q
Indicate the reasons for the large differences in oil consumption and production between the countries described in the chart above.
Source: licencja: CC 0.
Task 3
Does oil rule the world? Present your answers and elaborate on the topic by answering questions like: How is the situation? How should it be? Why is the situation not as it should be? Draw conclusions.
Does oil rule the world? Present your answers and elaborate on the topic by answering questions like: How is the situation? How should it be? Why is the situation not as it should be? Draw conclusions.
R125FopM1sUZ9
Wykonaj zadanie zgodnie z poleceniem.

The above examples give reasons to believe that oil still rules the world.

R1UZjMQMrQXg0
Exercise 1
Select three countries that have the largest share in the world's oil production. Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. Japan, 2. Brazil, 3. Saudi Arabia, 4. France, 5. Germany, 6. Russia, 7. USA
R1JskNFPpChx3
Exercise 2
Opowiedz o najważniejszych technologiach wydobycia ropy naftowej. Możesz korzystać z wszystkich dostępnych źródeł.
R1EZLROZxmy4J
Exercise 3
It is assumed that a barrel of oil contains 159 l. Match daily oil consumption in thousands of barrels with the relevant countries (data for 2014). Use statistical yearbooks and the Internet. tu wybierz Country: USA, China, Japan, India, Russia Oil consumption in thousands of barrels (daily consumption): 19 035, 11 056, 4298, 3846, 3196
R12TRR0wDb3xs
Exercise 4
Find the countries that are not OPEC Member Countries. Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. China, 2. Libya, 3. Saudi Arabia, 4. RSA, 5. Mexico, 6. Iran, 7. Katar, 8. United Arab Emirates, 9. Kuwait

Keywords

energy, oil, energy raw materials, fossil fuels

Glossary

OPEC
OPEC
R1FA4gE1egsJw
Nagranie słówka: OPEC

Organizacja Krajów Eksportujących Ropę Naftową (Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries) z siedzibą w Wiedniu. Celem organizacji jest kontrolowanie światowego wydobycia ropy naftowej, poziomu cen i opłat eksploatacyjnych. Utworzona została w 1960 w Bagdadzie