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Similar triangles. Examples

Source: licencja: CC 0.

Trójkąty podobne. Przykłady

Learning objectives

You will learn to apply the properties of similar triangles also for solving tasks involving proofs.

Learning effect

  • You can apply the properties of similar triangles.

  • You can communicate in English using the properties of similar triangles.

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nagranie abstraktu

Recollect the properties of similar trianglessimilar trianglessimilar triangles and the concept of similarity ratiosimilarity ratiosimilarity ratio.

Check your knowledge solving the following task.

Task 1
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nagranie abstraktu

In which of the following cases triangles ABC and PQR are similar?

A)
A=40,B=60,C=80,P=40,Q=60,R=80

B)
A=40,B=70,C=70,P=50,Q=65,R=65

C)
|AB|=2,5 cm, |BC|=4,5 cm, |CA|=3,5 cm, |PQ|=5 cm, |QR|=9 cm, |RP|=7 cm

D)
|AB|=3 cm, |BC|=5 cm, |CA|=5 cm, |PQ|=4,5 cm, |QR|=7,5 cm, |RP|=6 cm

Task 2
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nagranie abstraktu

Open Geogebra applet - „Examples of similar trianglessimilar trianglessimilar triangles” and observe three examples of similar trianglessimilar trianglessimilar triangles, which are commonly used in geometry tasks.

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Geogebra aplet - Przykłady trójkątów podobnych. Galeria z opisami alternatywnymi poniżej.
Source: GroMar, licencja: CC BY 3.0.

Do the following tasks.

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nagranie abstraktu
  1. A line parallel to the baseparallel to the baseparallel to the base of triangle ABC cuts off a triangle similar to triangle ABC. Analyse the diagram in the applet. Which criterion of similarity can you use to justify that triangles ABC and DEC are similar? Move segment DE parallelly to base AB. How does the similarity ratiosimilarity ratiosimilarity ratio of triangles change? Pay special attention to case k = 2.

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nagranie abstraktu
  1. The triangles formed by diagonals of a trapezoid and including its bases are similar. Analyse the diagram in the applet. Which criterion of similarity can you use to justify that triangles ASB and DSC are similar? Change the position of the vertices of the trapezoid and check when the triangles including the arms of the trapezoid are similar. Change the position of the vertices so as to form a parallelogram. Which triangles are similar?

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nagranie abstraktu
  1. The altitude of a right triangle dropped from the vertex of the right angle divides the triangle into two similar trianglessimilar trianglessimilar triangles. Analyse the diagram in the applet. Which criterion of similarity can you use to justify that triangles ADC and CDB are similar? Are these triangles also similar to triangle ABC? Why?

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nagranie abstraktu

Use the observation that you made while working with applet „Examples of similar trianglessimilar trianglessimilar triangles” and prove the theorem about the midsegmentmidsegmentmidsegment in a triangle.

The theorem - about the midsegmentmidsegmentmidsegment in a triangle.

The midsegment in a triangle
Rule: The midsegment in a triangle

The segment joining the centres of two sides of a triangle is parallel to the third side and it is twice shorter than the third side.

Solve the following tasks.

Task 3
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nagranie abstraktu

In triangle ABC segment DE parallel to base AB was drawn. Find the length of segment BC if |EF| = 10, |AB| = 15, |EB| = 9.

Task 4
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nagranie abstraktu

In trapezoid ABCD diagonals AC and BD intersect at point S. Find the length of segment DS, if |AB| = 18, |DC| = 6, |DB| = 16.

Task 5
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nagranie abstraktu

In right triangle ABC altitude CD was dropped from the vertex of the right angle. Calculate the length of leg AC, if |CD| = 4, |BD| = 3.

Task 6

An extra task:

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nagranie abstraktu

Trapezoid ABCD with bases AB=a and CD=b is given. The line going through the intersection point of the diagonals of the trapezoid intersects the sides of the trapezoid in points M and N. Prove that |MN|=2aba+b.

Exercises

Exercise 1
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Wersja alternatywna ćwiczenia: Determine which sentences are true. Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. The diagonals of an equilateral trapezoid divide it into two pairs of similar triangles: the triangles containing the bases of the trapezoid and the triangles containing the arms of the trapezoid., 2. The midsegment in a triangle is parallel to the base., 3. The altitude in right triangle ABC dropped from the vertex of the right angle divides the triangle into two right triangles and each of them is similar to triangle ABC.
Rzadanie
Source: GroMar, licencja: CC BY 3.0.
Exercise 2
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Source: GroMar, licencja: CC BY 3.0.

In triangle ABC segment DE parallel to AB was drawn, as show in the diagram. Find the length of segment AD.

Exercise 3

The midsegment in a trapezoid connects the centres of its arms. Prove that the midsegment in the trapezoid is parallel to each of its bases.

Present your reasoning in English.

Exercise 4
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Wersja alternatywna ćwiczenia: Indicate which pairs of expressions or words are translated correctly. Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. trójkąty podobne - similar triangles, 2. skala podobieństwa - similarity ratio, 3. linia środkowa - midsegment, 4. środek odcinka - midsegment, 5. linia środkowa - midpoint
Rzadanie
Source: GroMar, licencja: CC BY 3.0.
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Interaktywna gra, polegająca na łączeniu wyrazów w pary w ciągu jednej minuty. Czas zaczyna upływać wraz z rozpoczęciem gry. Jeden ruch to odkrywanie najpierw jednej potem drugiej karty z wyrazem. Każdy wyraz jest odczytywany. Kolejny ruch to odkrywanie trzeciej i czwartej karty. W ten sposób odsłuchasz wszystkie wyrazy. Nawigacja z poziomu klawiatury za pomocą strzałek, odsłuchiwanie wyrazów enterem lub spacją. Znajdź wszystkie pary wyrazów.
Source: Zespół autorski Politechniki Łódzkiej, licencja: CC BY 3.0.

Glossary

midpoint
midpoint

środek odcinka

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wymowa w języku angielskim: midpoint
midsegment
midsegment

linia środkowa

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wymowa w języku angielskim: midsegment
parallel to the base
parallel to the base

równoległy do podstawy

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wymowa w języku angielskim: parallel to the base
similar triangles
similar triangles

trójkąty podobne

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wymowa w języku angielskim: similar triangles
similarity ratio
similarity ratio

skala podobieństwa

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wymowa w języku angielskim: similarity ratio

Keywords

midpointmidpointmidpoint

midsegmentmidsegmentmidsegment

parallel to the baseparallel to the baseparallel to the base

similar trianglessimilar trianglessimilar triangles

similarity ratiosimilarity ratiosimilarity ratio