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Continents

Any part of the globe that is not covered by the waters of the seas and oceansoceanoceans, we call land. Among the lands, we distinguish large areas with an area of many million square kilometers, calling them continents, and small fragments of lands called islands.

• Asia is the largest continent with an area of approximately 44.6 million kmIndeks górny 2². It lies almost entirely in the northern and eastern hemisphere. Many researchers believe that together with Europe can be classed as one continent called Eurasia (with an area of over 55 million kmIndeks górny 2²).

• Africa is the second largest continent in terms of space. Its area is over 30 million kmIndeks górny 2². It lies north and south of the equator, and east and west of the meridian 0⁰, i.e. in all hemispheres. Africa has the most countries of all continents.

• North America has an area of over 24 million kmIndeks górny 2²and is located entirely in the northern and western hemispheres.

• South America is slightly less than 18 million kmIndeks górny 2², and lies on both sides of the equator, but only in the Western Hemisphere. Some researchers regard both Americas as one continent.

• Antarctica has an area of only 13 million kmIndeks górny 2² and it lies around the South Pole. It is the only continent in the world in which there is no state and belongs to no state.

• Europe has an area of about 10.5 million kmIndeks górny 2²and it lies with Asia in the northern and eastern hemisphere, but its western extremities reach the western hemisphere.

• Australasia is the smallest continent with an area of just 7.5 million kmIndeks górny 2²without coastal islands (with all of Australasia is 8.5 million kmIndeks górny 2²). It lies in the southern and eastern hemisphere. It is entirely occupied by one country bearing the same name.

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Ilustracja przedstawia mapę świata z podziałem na kontynenty. Kontynenty zaznaczone są kolorami: Kolor żółty – Ameryka Północna, kolor jasnobrązowy – Ameryka Południowa, kolor brązowy - Afryka, kolor czerwony – Europa, kolor zielony – Azja, kolor ciemnozielony – Australia. Na mapie przedstawione są też oceany oznaczone kolorami: Kolor jasnoniebieski – Ocean Atlantycki, kolor ciemnoniebieski – Ocean Indyjski, kolor niebieski – Ocean Spokojny. Na biegunie północnym – Ocean Arktyczny.

Mountains

On the surface of the lands, there are forming or formed mountainsmountainsmountains. The highest mountain chain in the world is the Himalayas, and their highest peak is Mount Everest, it is the highest mountain in the world and in Asia. It measures 8848 m above sea level. The highest mountain ranges in Europe are the Alps who’s highest mountain is Mount Blanc (4807 m above sea level), the Pyrenees and the Carpathians. Near the border with Asia there are also mountains of the Caucasus, sometimes included in Europe, and their highest peak is Elbrus (5642 m above sea level). On the western side of the Americas there are the Cordilleras in North America (with the highest peak of McKinley – 6194 m above sea level) and Andes in South America, with Aconcagua the highest point (6961 m above sea level). In Africa, the highest peak is Mount Kilimanjaro (5895 m above sea level), Antarctica – Vinson massif (4892 m above sea level), and in Australia – Mount Kosciuszko (2230 m above sea level). It is worth noting that it is lower than the highest mountain in Poland – Rysów (2499 m).

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Ilustracja prezentuje mapę Eurazji. Kolorem zielonym oznaczono tereny nizinne, kolorem jasnobrązowym tereny wyżynne. Widać łańcuch Himalajów w postaci grubego ciemnoszarego pasa o nierównych brzegach.

Continents are not the main lands. Smaller areas of land are called islands. The largest island in the world is Greenland located in the North Atlantic. Many islands are grouped in clusters called archipelagosarchipelagoarchipelagos. Numerous archipelagos surround North America, Europe and Asia. Relatively fewer islands are located near South America, Africa, Australia and Antarctica.

Summary

• A part of the globe, which is not flooded with the waters of the seas and oceans, we call land.

• Seven continents stand out for the most part. They are: Africa, South America, North America, Antarctica, Australia, Asia, Europe.

• The largest continent is Asia.

• The highest mountains in the world are the Himalayas.

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Grafika przedstawiająca tablicę szkolną, na której znajdują się zdania do dokończenia. Finish selected sentences. 1 It was easy for me (uzupełnij). 2 It was difficult for me (uzupełnij). 3 Today I learned (uzupełnij). 4 I understood that (uzupełnij). 5 It surprised me (uzupełnij).

Grafika przedstawiająca tablicę szkolną, na której znajdują się zdania do dokończenia. Finish selected sentences. 1 It was easy for me (uzupełnij). 2 It was difficult for me (uzupełnij). 3 Today I learned (uzupełnij). 4 I understood that (uzupełnij). 5 It surprised me (uzupełnij).

How was this lesson? Did you like it? Finish selected sentences.

Keywords

continents, Asia, Africa, America, Europe, Antarctica, Australia

Glossary