Przeczytaj
The aim of the Olympic Games is to unite people and give everyone equal chances to compete in the field of sport. Unfortunately, women were excluded from these ideals for many decades, or even centuries if we consider the ancient Olympics. How much do you know about the history of women in the Olympic Games? Do you know who Margaret Abbott was?
Celem igrzysk olimpijskich jest jednoczenie ludzi i dawanie im równych szans w dostępie do rywalizacji sportowej. Niestety kobiety były pozbawione tej możliwości przez dekady, a nawet stulecia - jeśli weźmiemy pod uwagę również igrzyska w starożytności. Czy wiesz, jaka jest historia udziału kobiet w igrzyskach olimpijskich oraz kim była Margaret Abbott?

Read the text and do the exercises below.
An Accidental ChampionBaron Pierre de Coubertin restarted the tradition of the Olympic Games in the modern era in 1896, when the first such event took place in Athens. He also formulated the motto: all nations – all games, which means that first of all, the Olympics are available to sportspeople from all countries regardless ofregardless of their nationality, race, religion, or political views. And secondly, all sports disciplines are represented on equal termson equal terms. De Coubertin believed that Olympic rivalryOlympic rivalry should build peace and friendship between people.
All that sounds noblenoble, but what about women? Although they were fighting for equal rights at the end of the 19th century, women were not treated the same as men. Even Baron de Coubertin, with his ideas of egalitarianismegalitarianism, banned women from participating in the Olympic Games. He claimed that allowing women to take part would be a violation ofviolation of the ancient principles. They were given the role of a beautiful decoration and could reward male sportsmen by handing them medals.
The first modern era Olympic Games was an entirely male event. At the next one, however, in 1900, 4 years later, 22 out of 997 participants were female. Women were allowed to compete in socially acceptablesocially acceptable, non‑contact sportsnon‑contact sports such as tennis, archeryarchery, sailing, croquetcroquet, horse riding, and golf. Sadly, including women was only a matter of money because the female tennis and golf matches attracted a wide audienceattracted a wide audience.
And here comes Margaret Ives Abbot, the first female Olympic champion. To understand her story we must know a bit about the 1900 Olympic Games. It was organised as a sideshowsideshow of the World’s FairWorld’s Fair held that year in Paris. 95 disciplines were played over a span ofover a span of almost 6 months, often at venuesvenues that lacked proper infrastructure, which caused numerous organisational problems. As it later turned out, some contestants didn’t know that they were still participating, let alonelet alone become Olympic champions! That was the case of Margaret Ives Abbott, who won a golf tournament.
Margaret Abbott wasn’t aware of her success, the world also seemed not to know about it for decades. Her participation in the Olympics was accidentalaccidental. She happened to be in Paris at the time of the Olympic Games, and as she had been an amateur golfer who had participated in championships before, she showed upshowed up and won! What’s more, she competed against her mother in the tournament! As a winner, Margaret wasn’t given a golden medal but a porcelain bowl.
Ms Abbott and her story was discovered late in the 20th century by a curious professor of history. All her findingsfindings show that she was a real pathfinderpathfinder for hundreds of female athletes who, against all oddsagainst all odds, decided to prove that they deserved their place in the history of sports. Margaret did not compete for any award or publicitypublicity, but for the true love of sports. That’s the genuine spiritgenuine spirit of the Olympic Games!
Źródło: Anna Posyniak‑Dutka, licencja: CC BY-SA 3.0.
a) was sentenced for discriminating against certain goups of
sportspeople.
b) manifested his freedom during the Olympic Games.
c) wanted the Olympic Games to enhance international cooperation.
d) believed that only some countries should be represented at
the Olympic Games.
2. Which statement is NOT true about women’s participation in the first modern era Olympic Games?
a) Women were given the function of giving winners trophies.
b) Women disobeyed the Olympic rules which had been in place for centuries.
c) Women were treated in the same way as male contestants.
d) Women were paid money to play tennis and golf.
3. At the 1900 Olympic Games, women
a) were granted permission to compete in 5 disciplines.
b) were not interested in participating in contact sports.
c) earned a lot of money from participating in the Olympics.
d) were organised in secret.
4. The 1900 Olympic Games
a) were organised after the Paris World Fair.
b) took nearly half a year to complete.
c) was perfectly orchestrated.
d) gave the golden medal she had won to her mother.
5. Margaret Ives Abbott
a) had practised for many years to be able to participate in the
Olympic Games.
b) made her living as a golfer.
c) defeated a member of her family to win the Olympic golf tournament.
d) Ms Abbott’s medal was made of porcelain.
Answer the questions. Write 4–5 sentences to each question.
Do you think Margaret Abbott deserves to go down in history of the Olympics? Why? Why not?
What does the Olympic motto: all nations – all games mean? Did the first modern era Olympic Games fully follow this principle? Why? Why not?
Słownik
/ ˌæksɪˈdentl̩ /
przypadkowy/przypadkowa (unplanned)
/ əˈɡenst ɔ:l ɒdz /
wbrew wszelkim przeciwnościom (although it was difficult or nearly impossible)
/ əˈtræktɪd ə ˌwaɪd ˈɔːdiəns / / əˈtrækt ən ˈɔːdiəns /
przyciągnęli/przyciągnęły szeroką publiczność [przyciągnąć publiczność] (to be interesting and draw spectators to come and watch the event)
/ ˈkrəʊkeɪ /
krokiet (a sport in which players use long wooden hammers to hit wooden balls through metal hoops)
/ ɪˌɡælɪˈteərɪənɪzəm /
egalitaryzm (the belief that all people should be given the same rights and conditions)
/ ˈfaɪndɪŋz / / ˈfaɪndɪŋ /
odkrycia, konkluzje [odkrycie, konkluzja]
/ ˈdʒenjʊɪn ˈspɪrɪt /
prawdziwy duch (the real mindset, way of thinking)
/ ˈlet əˈləʊn /
a co dopiero (used after a negative statement to express how unlikely something is to happen)
/ ˈnəʊbl̩ /
szlachetny/szlachetna (virtuous)
/ ˌnɒn ˈkɒntækt spɔːts / / ˌnɒn ˈkɒntækt spɔːt /
sporty niekontaktowe [sport niekontaktowy] (a sport discipline in which players do not have physical contact with other contestants)
/ əˈlɪmpɪk ˈraɪvəlri /
rywalizacja olimpijska (the spirit of olympic competition)
/ ˈɒn ˈiːkwəl tɜːmz /
na równych warunkach (based on the same conditions)
/ ˈəʊvər ə spæn ɒv /
przez okres (during)
/ ˈpɑːthetafaɪndə /
pionier/pionierka (a person who does something nobody did before them or does something in a new way)
/ ˈpɔːsəlɪn bəʊl /
porcelanowa misa (a deep dish made of china)
/ pʌbˈlɪsɪti /
rozgłos (actions aimed at attracting the attention of many people)
/ rɪˈɡɑːdləs ɒv /
bez względu na (not being influenced by any conditions or criteria)
/ ˈraɪvəlri /
rywalizacja (a state in which two people are competing for the same thing)
/ ʃəʊd ʌp / / ʃəʊ ʌp /
pojawił się/ pojawiła się [pojawić się] (to arrive somewhere)
/ ˈsaɪdʃəʊ /
impreza towarzysząca (a smaller or less important event taking place alongside the main event)
/ ˈsəʊʃəli əkˈseptəbl̩ /
społecznie akceptowalne (tolerated by society)
/ ˈvenjuːz / / ˈvenjuː /
miejsca [miejsce] (a place where an event happens)
/ ˌvaɪəˈleɪʃn̩ ɒv /
naruszenie, pogwałcenie (an act of breaking some rules or laws)
/ ˈvɜːtʃuəs /
prawy, cnotliwy (having good moral qualities and behaviour)
/ ˈwɜ:ld feə /
wystawa światowa (a large international exhibition which presents achievements of different nations)
Źródło: GroMar Sp. z o.o., licencja: CC BY‑SA 3.0