Topicmd68ab6aecd75226f_1528449000663_0Topic

Potential energy of gravity and elasticity

Levelmd68ab6aecd75226f_1528449084556_0Level

Second

Core curriculummd68ab6aecd75226f_1528449076687_0Core curriculum

III. Energy. The student:

1) using the concept of kinetic, potential gravity and potential elasticity energy; describing the work done as a change of energy.

Timingmd68ab6aecd75226f_1528449068082_0Timing

45 minutes

General learning objectivesmd68ab6aecd75226f_1528449523725_0General learning objectives

Defining the concept of potential gravitational energy and potential energy of elasticity.

Key competencesmd68ab6aecd75226f_1528449552113_0Key competences

1. Defines potential energy of gravity and potential energy of elasticity.

2. Identifies the relationship between work and change in potential energy.

3. Derives the formula for potential gravitational energy and elasticity.

Operational (detailed) goalsmd68ab6aecd75226f_1528450430307_0Operational (detailed) goals

The student:

- derives the formula for potential gravitational and potential elasticity energy,

- solves problem and accounting tasks using the concept of potential gravitational energy and elasticity and using the energy‑work relationship.

Methodsmd68ab6aecd75226f_1528449534267_0Methods

1. Talk and brainstorming.

2. Learning through the application of the acquired rules and solving problem tasks.

Forms of workmd68ab6aecd75226f_1528449514617_0Forms of work

1. Individual work.

2. Work in groups on solving problem tasks.

Lesson stages

Introductionmd68ab6aecd75226f_1528450127855_0Introduction

Introductory questions:

1. List the types of energy in nature.

2. What does it mean that the body has energy?

3. Can you change your body energy?

4. Give an example of how the force of gravity works.

5. Give an example of how the elastic force works.

6. How do we calculate the work?

Conclusion:

Changing the mutual position of bodies that interact with the forces of gravity or elasticity, leads to a change in their potential energy.

In the case of gravitational interaction, it is a change in distance from the whole Earth, and in the case of a spring effect - a change in shape.

Proceduremd68ab6aecd75226f_1528446435040_0Procedure

Task 1

Watch slideshow about potential energy and answer the following questions.

[Slideshow]

1. Every time during transporting the brick up, the work was done. Was the work the same or different in each case? Justify your answer.

2. As the work was done on the brick, its energy increased. Which form of mechanical energy has increased?

3. How can you find out that a brick at a certain height has potential energy of gravity?

Definition:

The potential energy of gravity results from the interaction of the body with the Earth (e.g. the apple dropping under the influence of gravity, raised to a certain height above the Earth bucket).

Potential energy of elasticity results from elastic deformation of the body (eg compressed or stretched spring, stretched elastic in a sling).

Task 2

We want to lift the body with mass m to the height h.

1) Derive the formula for the work which should be done.

2) The change in the energy of the potential system of bodies is equal to the work done over the body ΔEP=W.

The change in potential energy is the energy difference in the end position and the energy in the initial position ΔEP=EPfinalEPinitial. Assume that the initial energy at the beginning is zero. Using the above information, write a pattern for potential gravitational energy.

Solution:

Ad 1) To lift the body which has mass m in a steady motion, we must act with the force directed vertically upwards. It should be equal in value to the weight of the body F=mg. By moving the body up to the height h, we will do work:
W=F·S=m·g·h.

Ad 2) In this case, the potential energy is equal to the work done.

Finally: EP=mgh.

It is a pattern for the potential energy of gravity.

Note: The level against which we calculate the value of potential energy of gravity is conventional. A man lifting a rock from the ground will assume that it is a level of earth, but a student raising a book from the floor in a school on the first floor will take the floor for a zero level.

Definition:

The potential energy of elasticity is related to the elastic deformation of the body as a result of the acting force. The elastic deflection is one in which the deformed body spontaneously returns to its original state after the tensioning forces have ceased to function.

Task 3

Think about what and how the potential energy of elasticity depends on.

Let's think about stretching the spring (an elastic body). We will assume that the extension of the spring is so small that when this force will stop acting, the spring will return to its original length (range of elasticity).

[Illustration 1]

Acting with force F1 , we extend the spring by x1. The force we operate with is not constant but increases when x1 increases. Mathematically it is expressed by the formula: F1=k·x1. The proportionality constant k depends on the type of spring used (elastic body). It is shown in the graph below.

[Illustration 2]

Diagram 1. The dependence between the elastic force on the extension of the spring.

The marked field below the line on the graph equals work done while stretching the spring:

W=12·F1·x1=12·k·x12

The potential energy of elasticity equals work done:

Es=12·k·x12

Lesson summarymd68ab6aecd75226f_1528450119332_0Lesson summary

There are two types of mechanical energy: kinetic energy and potential energy. If the body has mechanical energy, it is capable of doing work.

Kinetic energy is associated with motion, and potential energy with the mutual position of bodies.

We distinguish potential gravitational energy and potential energy of elasticity.

Potential energy of gravity is the energy of the system of bodies interacting with gravitational forces. The value of the potential energy of gravity for the body with the mass m located near the surface of the earth is calculated from the formula:

EP=mgh

where: 
h - is height above a certain conventionally accepted level.

Potential energy of elasticity is the energy accumulated in elastically deformed bodies, stretched, compressed, bent or twisted. The value of this energy is directly proportional to the square of deformation/displacement and depends on the elastic properties of the deformed body. It is always equal to the work to be done to deform the body.

Selected words and expressions used in the lesson plan

change in the heightchange in the heightchange in the height

change of energychange of energychange of energy

deformation of the bodydeformation of the bodydeformation of the body

potential energy of elasticitypotential energy of elasticitypotential energy of elasticity

doing workdoing workdoing work

falling of bodiesfalling of bodiesfalling of bodies

gravitational potential energygravitational potential energygravitational potential energy

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change in the height1
change in the height

zmiana wysokości

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wymowa w języku angielskim: change in the height
change of energy1
change of energy

zmiana energii

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wymowa w języku angielskim: change of energy
deformation of the body1
deformation of the body

odkształcenie ciała

Re79rhQGzfV8e1
wymowa w języku angielskim: deformation of the body
doing work1
doing work

wykonanie pracy

R1El086TTr17U1
wymowa w języku angielskim: doing work
potential energy of elasticity1
potential energy of elasticity

energia potencjalna sprężystości

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wymowa w języku angielskim: potential energy of elasticity
falling of bodies1
falling of bodies

spadanie ciał

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wymowa w języku angielskim: falling of bodies
gravitational potential energy1
gravitational potential energy

energia potencjalna grawitacyjna

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wymowa w języku angielskim: gravitational potential energy