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Length of a line segment. Midpoint of a line segment

Source: licencja: CC 0.

Długość odcinka. Środek odcinka

Learning objectives

You will learn to calculate the distance of a line segment in the coordinate system.

You will learn the formula for coordinates of the midpoint of the line segment.

Learning effect

  • You calculate the distance of a line segment in the coordinate system. 

  • You fin coordinates of the midpoint of the line segment.

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nagranie abstraktu

Revise:

  • the number, being the arithmetic mean of two numbers and its geometric interpretation on the number line,

  • calculating distance between tow numbers on the number line,

  • the Pythagorean theorem.

Verify your knowledge by doing the following exercises.

Task 1
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nagranie abstraktu

Calculate the arithmetic mean of two grades: 2 and 5 that Janek got from two last tests from mathematics. Mark this number
and the obtained mean exactly on the number line. What is the position of the obtained number in relation to numbers 2 and 5? Do the same exercise for a few pairs of numbers, including positive numbers, negative numbers and numbers of various signs. Write your observations.

Task 2
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nagranie abstraktu

Mark two given numbers a and b as exactly as possible on the number line and calculate the distance between these numbers on the number line. Do this exercise for the following pairs of numbers:

  1. a = 2 and b = 5

  2. a = 7 and b = 1

  3. a = 23 and b = 12

  4. a = -2 and b = -6 

Propose such way of calculating the distance that allows to calculate this distance in every case.

Task 3
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nagranie abstraktu

Revise the Pythagorean theorem. Calculate lengths of the hypotenuse of the triangle while lengths of the catheti are a and b.

  1. a = 12 and b = 5

  2. a = 7 and b = 1

  3. a = 32 and b = 12

  4. a = 7-1 and b = 7+1

Propose the formula for the length of the hypotenuse AB of the right‑angled triangle ABC.

Compare your observations with the following conclusions:

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nagranie abstraktu
  • the number, being the arithmetic mean of two numbers is located exactly in the middle of these points on the number line,

  • the distance between these numbers on the number line is equal to the difference between the greater and smaller number, that is equal to the absolute value,

  • the length of the hypotenuse of a right‑angled triangle is equal to the root of the sum of squares of its catheti.

Tasks to do in the Geogebra Applet:

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nagranie abstraktu
Task 4

Open the Geogebra Applet the midpoint and the length of line segment in the coordinate system on a plane.

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Aplet geogebra: Punkt środkowy i długość odcinka linii na płaszczyźnie współrzędnych. Poniżej znajduje się galeria będąca wersją alternatywną dla aplikacji.
Source: GroMar, licencja: CC BY 3.0.
Task 5
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nagranie abstraktu

Choose the option „the midpoint”. Observe how coordinatescoordinatescoordinates of midpointmidpointmidpoint change depending on coordinates of endpointsendpointsendpoints A and B. Propose formulas to calculate coordinates of the midpoint of the line segment while having the endpoints given: A=(xIndeks dolny A,yIndeks dolny A) and B=(xIndeks dolny B,yIndeks dolny B).

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nagranie abstraktu

CoordinatescoordinatesCoordinates of the midpointmidpointmidpoint of the line segment are arithmetic means of proper coordinates of its endpoints. The midpoint M of the line segment AB, where A = (xIndeks dolny A,yIndeks dolny A) and B = (xIndeks dolny B,yIndeks dolny B) has coordinates equal to

M=(xA+xB2,yA+yB2),
Task 6
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nagranie abstraktu

Choose the option ‘length of line segment”. Give ways of calculating the length of the line segment AB. Propose a formula to calculate the length of the line segment AB where A = (xIndeks dolny A,yIndeks dolny A) and B = (xIndeks dolny B,yIndeks dolny B).

Formula for the length of the line segment:

|AB|=(xB-xA)2+(yB-yA)2.

Think whether this formula also be sued when the line segment is parallel to one of the axes of the coordinate system, for example to the axis Ox and how to calculate this length?

If the line segment is parallel to the axis Ox, then

|AB|=(xB-xA)2 and |AB|=|xB-xA|.

Do the following exercises.

Task 7
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nagranie abstraktu

The point M is the midpoint of the line segment AB. Calculate coordinates of the point M and length of the line segment AB.

  1. A=(0,1), B=(3,-3)

  2. A=(2,-7), B=(-4,-1)

  3. A = (213, -713), B = (-313, 513)

  4. A = (3+3,1-3), B = (2-3,3+2)

Task 8
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nagranie abstraktu

Points A=(6,-3) and B=(9,6) are vertices of the parallelogram ABCD, and point S=(3,3) is the point of symmetry of this parallelogram.

  1. calculate coordinatescoordinatescoordinates of vertices C and D,

  2. calculate the perimeter of this parallelogram,

  3. prove that this parallelogram is a square.

Task 9
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nagranie abstraktu

Points A=(1,3), B=(5,1), C=(11,5) and D=(xIndeks dolny D,yIndeks dolny D) are vertices of the parallelogram ABCD. Calculate coordinates of the vertex D. Apply properties of parallelogram that says the tetragon is a parallelogram if and only if its diagonals cross at a point that is the midpointmidpointmidpoint of both diagonals.

Task 10

An extra task:

The point A=(-3,3) is the vertex of the parallelogram ABCD, point M=(4,3) is the midpoint of the side BC, and point N=(5,6) – the midpoint of the side CD of this parallelogram. Calculate coordinatescoordinatescoordinates of vertices B, C and D.

Exercises

Exercise 1
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Determine which sentences are true. Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. Point E=(-16, 44) is located on the line segment whose endpoints are A=(122, -62) and B=(-64, 80) in such a way that |AE| : |EB| = 3 : 1., 2. Both coordinates of the midpoint of a line segments whose endpoint are P=(-1113,1517) and Q=(1311,1715) are positive numbers., 3. A triangle whose vertices are points A=(-3, 3), B=(3, -1) and C=(-2, 4) is isosceles., 4. There are points A=(m-2, 2), B=(5, m-3). The length of the line segment AB is equal |AB|=25 for m=3.
zadanie
Source: GroMar, licencja: CC BY 3.0.
Exercise 2

Point M = (m,n) is the midpointmidpointmidpoint of the line segment AB, where A = (n‑10,10) and B = (11,m). Calculate values m and n and length of the line segment AB.

Exercise 3

There are points A = (2,7) and B = (-6,1). Calculate coordinatescoordinatescoordinates of the midpoint M of the line segment AB and the length of the line segment AB.

Write down your line of reasoning in English.

Exercise 4
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Wersja alternatywna ćwiczenia: Indicate which pairs of expressions or words are translated correctly. Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. środek odcinka - midpoint, 2. długość odcinka - length of a line segment, 3. wzór na odległość punktów - distance formula, 4. współrzędne - coordinate, 5. średnia współrzędnych - endpoints, 6. końce odcinka - distance formula
zadanie
Source: GroMar, licencja: CC BY 3.0.
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Interaktywna gra, polegająca na łączeniu wyrazów w pary w ciągu jednej minuty. Czas zaczyna upływać wraz z rozpoczęciem gry. Jeden ruch to odkrywanie najpierw jednej potem drugiej karty z wyrazem. Każdy wyraz jest odczytywany. Kolejny ruch to odkrywanie trzeciej i czwartej karty. W ten sposób odsłuchasz wszystkie wyrazy. Nawigacja z poziomu klawiatury za pomocą strzałek, odsłuchiwanie wyrazów enterem lub spacją. Znajdź wszystkie pary wyrazów.
Source: Zespół autorski Politechniki Łódzkiej, licencja: CC BY 3.0.

Glossary

coordinates
coordinates

współrzędne

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wymowa w języku angielskim: coordinates
distance formula
distance formula

wzór na odległość punktów

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wymowa w języku angielskim: distance formula
endpoints
endpoints

końce odcinka

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wymowa w języku angielskim: endpoints
length of a line segment
length of a line segment

długość odcinka

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wymowa w języku angielskim: length of a line segment
mean of coordinates
mean of coordinates

średnia współrzędnych

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wymowa w języku angielskim: mean of coordinates
midpoint
midpoint

środek odcinka

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wymowa w języku angielskim: midpoint

Keywords

coordinatescoordinatescoordinates

distance formuladistance formuladistance formula

length of a line segmentlength of a line segmentlength of a line segment

midpointmidpointmidpoint