Topicm5c7c4c4c98ff1cfe_1528449000663_0Topic

Law of universal gravitation

Levelm5c7c4c4c98ff1cfe_1528449084556_0Level

Third

Core curriculumm5c7c4c4c98ff1cfe_1528449076687_0Core curriculum

III. Gravity and elements of astronomy. The student:

1) uses the law of universal gravitationgravitationgravitation to describe the gravitational interaction; indicates the force of gravity as the reason for the fall of bodies.

Timingm5c7c4c4c98ff1cfe_1528449068082_0Timing

45 minutes

General learning objectivesm5c7c4c4c98ff1cfe_1528449523725_0General learning objectives

Uses the law of universal gravitationlaw of universal gravitationlaw of universal gravitation to describe the gravitational interaction.

Key competencesm5c7c4c4c98ff1cfe_1528449552113_0Key competences

1. Explains the forceforceforce of gravity near the Earth’s surface.

2. Solves problems using the formula describing the law of universal gravitation.

Operational (detailed) goalsm5c7c4c4c98ff1cfe_1528450430307_0Operational (detailed) goals

The student:

- describes the law of universal gravitationgravitationgravitation,

- applies the formula describing the law of universal gravitation to solve problems.

Methodsm5c7c4c4c98ff1cfe_1528449534267_0Methods

1. Discussion.

2. Text analysis.

Forms of workm5c7c4c4c98ff1cfe_1528449514617_0Forms of work

1. Individual work.

2. Group work.

Lesson stages

Introductionm5c7c4c4c98ff1cfe_1528450127855_0Introduction

The teacher initiates the discussion about gravitation.

What is the reason for the bodies to fall?

Procedurem5c7c4c4c98ff1cfe_1528446435040_0Procedure

The teacher introduces the law of universal gravitationlaw of universal gravitationlaw of universal gravitation.

Law of universal gravitation:
The law of universal gravitationlaw of universal gravitationlaw of universal gravitation states that each two bodies are attracted with a forceforceforce whose direction lies along a straight line connecting the bodies, and its magnitudemagnitudemagnitude is directly proportional to the product of the masses of bodies and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.

[Illustration 1]

The body with a mass of mIndeks dolny 1 exerts a force F1 on the body with a mass of mIndeks dolny 2, the body with a mass of mIndeks dolny 2 exerts a force F2 on the body with a mass of mIndeks dolny 1, and according to the Newton’s third law:

F1=-F2

The magnitudes of both forces are equal, hence we can write:

F=F1=F2

The magnitudemagnitudemagnitude of the gravitational force is described by the formula:

F=G·m1·m2r2

where: 
G - is gravitational constantgravitational constantgravitational constant:

G=6,671011N·m2kg2

The law of universal gravitationlaw of universal gravitationlaw of universal gravitation is valid not only for point masses, but also for bodies of various sizes.

The force of gravity acts as a centripetal force in the movement of planets around the Sun. The Earth is attracted by the Sun, the Moon and all planets of the Solar System. According to the Newton’s third law all interactions are mutual. Since the Sun attracts the Earth with the force of gravity, then the Earth also attracts the Sun.m5c7c4c4c98ff1cfe_1527752256679_0The force of gravity acts as a centripetal force in the movement of planets around the Sun. The Earth is attracted by the Sun, the Moon and all planets of the Solar System. According to the Newton’s third law all interactions are mutual. Since the Sun attracts the Earth with the force of gravity, then the Earth also attracts the Sun.

[Interactive graphics]

The forceforceforce of gravity near the Earth’s surface.

If a body of mass m is near the Earth’s surface then the gravitational interaction between the Earth and this body overwhelms the gravitational interactions between this body and other bodies nearby. The gravitational force exerted on a body near the Earth's surface is called the weight of a body.

The forceforceforce points in the direction of the Earth’s centre. The magnitude of the force is:

F=m·g

If one substitutes the mass of the Earth MIndeks dolny E = 5,97 · 10Indeks górny 24 kg and the Earth’s radius RIndeks dolny E = 6,37 · 10Indeks górny 6 m to the formula describing the gravitational force then:

GMgmRE2=mg
g=G·MgRE2=9,81ms2

The students solve problems using the law of universal gravitationlaw of universal gravitationlaw of universal gravitation.

Task 1

Two students are sitting 1,50 m apart. The mass of one student is 70 kg and of the second 52 kg. What is the magnitude of the gravitational force between them?m5c7c4c4c98ff1cfe_1527752263647_0Two students are sitting 1,50 m apart. The mass of one student is 70 kg and of the second 52 kg. What is the magnitude of the gravitational force between them?

Answer:

F = 1,08 ∙ 10Indeks górny -7 N.

Task 2

How close to each other must two objects of mass of 20 t be placed to exert the forceforceforce of 3,87 ∙ 10Indeks górny -4 N?

Answer:

R = 8,3 m.

Lesson summarym5c7c4c4c98ff1cfe_1528450119332_0Lesson summary

The force of gravity is the interaction between bodies with masses. The force of gravity is an attractive force.

Selected words and expressions used in the lesson plan

law of universal gravitationlaw of universal gravitationlaw of universal gravitation

attractionattractionattraction

forceforceforce

gravitationgravitationgravitation

gravitational constantgravitational constantgravitational constant

magnitudemagnitudemagnitude

centripetal forcecentripetal forcecentripetal force

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gravitation1
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grawitacja

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prawo powszechnego ciążenia

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siła

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wartość

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stała grawitacji

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przyciąganie

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siła dośrodkowa

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