Topicmd88eb0e5b632e05a_1528449000663_0Topic

Parallel lines, perpendicular lines in the coordinate plane

Levelmd88eb0e5b632e05a_1528449084556_0Level

Third

Core curriculummd88eb0e5b632e05a_1528449076687_0Core curriculum

IX. Analytic geometry on cartesian plane. Basic level. The student:

2) uses linear equations on a plane, both in the slope‑intercept form and in the general form, determines the linear equation of a line with given properties (for example going through two points, having a given slopeslopeslope, parallel or perpendicular to another line, tangential to the circle etc.).

Timingmd88eb0e5b632e05a_1528449068082_0Timing

45 minutes

General objectivemd88eb0e5b632e05a_1528449523725_0General objective

Using and interpreting the representation. Using mathematical objects and manipulating them, interpreting mathematical concepts. Selecting and creating mathematical models to solve practical and theoretical problems.

Specific objectivesmd88eb0e5b632e05a_1528449552113_0Specific objectives

1. Identifying the slopeslopeslope of a line parallel to a given line. Identifying the slope of a line perpendicular to a given line.

2. Identifying the equation of a line going through a given point and parallel to a given line. Identifying the equation of a line going through a given point and perpendicular to a given line.

3. Investigating parallelism and perpendicularity of lines.

4. Communicating in English, developing basic mathematical, computer and scientific competences, developing learning skills.

Learning outcomesmd88eb0e5b632e05a_1528450430307_0Learning outcomes

The student:

- identifies the slope of a line parallel to a given line,

- identifies the slope of a line perpendicular to a given line,

- identifies the equation of a line going through a given points and parallel to a given line,

- identifies the equation of a line going through a given point and perpendicular to a given line,

- investigates parallelism and perpendicularity of lines.

Methodsmd88eb0e5b632e05a_1528449534267_0Methods

1. Situational analysis.

2. Discussion.

Forms of workmd88eb0e5b632e05a_1528449514617_0Forms of work

1. Individual work.

2. Group work.

Lesson stages

Introductionmd88eb0e5b632e05a_1528450127855_0Introduction

The aim of the introduction part is to revise mathematical concepts used in the class:

- the slopeslopeslope - intercept form of linear ewuation y=ax+b and the geometric interpretation of the coefficients a and b in this equation,

- the condition of the parallelism of lines k:y=a1x+b1,l:y=a2x+b2:k||l only if and only if a1=a2.

Task 1

Open the geogebra applet parallel lines/perpendicular lineperpendicular lineperpendicular line. Identify the line k by randomly choosing two points that it goes through and define such position of the line l that it is parallel to the line k. What slope does the line l have? Using the applet check if it is actually parallel to the line k.

[Geogebra applet]

After having completed the exercise, students give:

- the condition for parallelism of lines defined by slope‑intercept equations,

- revise ways of calculating the slope of a line going through two different
points A=(xA,yA)andB=(xB,yB) of two different abscissas xAxBa=yB-yAxB-xA.

Proceduremd88eb0e5b632e05a_1528446435040_0Procedure

The teacher defines the problem that students have to solve in the main part of the class: we know in which cases two lines described by slope‑intercept equations are parallel, now we will establish the condition for their perpendicularity.

Students work in pairs, using computers and investigate the location of lines in the coordinate system.

Task 2

Prepare a table to write the results before continuing the exercise.

[Table 1]

Open the geogebra applet parallel lines/perpendicular line.md88eb0e5b632e05a_1527752256679_0Open the geogebra applet parallel lines/perpendicular line.

1. Draw a line k. Choose a way of constructing the line l when there are two points that this line goes through – the option ‘two points’. A line l going through two randomly chosen points will appear. By changing the location of any of these points establish the position of the line l in such a way that it is perpendicular to the line k. Using the applet, verify if it is actually perpendicular to the line k. If the line l is perpendicular to the line k, then calculate the slope of the line l. Write the result in the table. Repeat this procedure a few times and write down results of following observations.md88eb0e5b632e05a_1527752256679_01. Draw a line k. Choose a way of constructing the line l when there are two points that this line goes through – the option ‘two points’. A line l going through two randomly chosen points will appear. By changing the location of any of these points establish the position of the line l in such a way that it is perpendicular to the line k. Using the applet, verify if it is actually perpendicular to the line k. If the line l is perpendicular to the line k, then calculate the slope of the line l. Write the result in the table. Repeat this procedure a few times and write down results of following observations.

2. Draw a line k. Choose the way of constructing the line l when there is given slope of the line and a point that it goes through – the option ‘slope‑point’. After writing the value of the numerator and the denominator of the slopeslopeslope in the window of the applet, the line l occurs, that goes through the randomly chosen point. Using the slider set the value of the slope l in such a way that the line l is perpendicular to the line k. By changing the location of the point on the line l, you can move it parallelly and set in the window of the applet in a convenient way. Using the applet verify if it actually perpendicular to the line k. If the line l is perpendicular to k, then write the set slope of the line l with the slope of the line k in the table. Repeat this procedure a few times and write down results of following observations.

Discussion:

What is the relations between slopes a1anda2 of perpendicular lines k and l?

Students present their theories (part of the theories will be necessary conditions for perpendicularity, for example coefficients are numbers of opposite signs). The teacher moderates the discussion in such a way that students give the relation between a1anda2 in any for, for example:

a2 is a number opposite to the reciprocal of the number a1

After obtaining such kind of answer, the teacher asks students to write a proper equality and then sums up the discussion by writing a proper theorem.

Theorem – the condition for perpendicularity of lines described by slope‑intercept equations:

Lines k and l are described by slope‑intercept equations k:y=a1x+b1,l:y=a2x+b2 are perpendicular if and only if a1·a2=-1.

kl if and only if,when a1·a2=-1

To complete this theorem, the teacher says that if the slopeslopeslope of the line is equal to 0 then the line perpendicular to this line is parallel to the axis OX of the coordinate system. It cannot be described with the slope‑intercept equation. Students work individually, doing exercises.

Task 3

There is the line k and point A. Find the equation of the line l going through the point A and parallel to k and equation of the line m going through point A and perpendicular to k.

a) k:y=2x-1,A=(0,3),

b) k:y=-x+12,A=(0,-2),

c) k:y=23x-2,A=(1,4),

d) k:y=-35x+13,A=(-2,25).

Task 4

There are lines k and l. Find all values m for which the line l is paralel to the line k and all values m for which the line l is perpendicular to the line k.md88eb0e5b632e05a_1527752263647_0There are lines k and l. Find all values m for which the line l is paralel to the line k and all values m for which the line l is perpendicular to the line k.

a) k:y=5x,l:y=(2-m)x-1,

b) k:y=-2x-32,l:y=12mx-1,

c) k:y=35x-1,l:y=m+1m-1x+m,

d) k:y=-72x-27,l:y=2m3m+1x+mm-3.

Task 5

Points A=(-3,-2), B=(5,2), C=(2,4) and D=(-2,2) are vertices of the teragon ABCD. Prove that this tetragon is a trapezium but not a right‑angled trapezium.

An extra task:

Prove that no line whose equation is y=(m2-1)x+12m2-3 is either parallel or perpendicular to the
line y=-2x+1.

Lesson summarymd88eb0e5b632e05a_1528450119332_0Lesson summary

Students do the revision exercises. Then together they sum‑up the classes, by formulating the conclusions to memorise.

- The condition for parallelism of lines k:y=a1x+b1,l:y=a2x+b2:k||l if and only if a1=a2.

- The condition for perpendicularity of lines k:y=a1x+b1,l:y=a2x+b2:kl if and only if a1·a2=-1.

Selected words and expressions used in the lesson plan

opposite reciprocalopposite reciprocalopposite reciprocal

parallel lineparallel lineparallel line

perpendicular lineperpendicular lineperpendicular line

point‑slope formpoint‑slope formpoint‑slope form

slopeslopeslope

two‑points formtwo‑points formtwo‑points form

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slope1
slope

współczynnik kierunkowy

R1IYanrooTsNR1
wymowa w języku angielskim: slope
perpendicular line1
perpendicular line

prosta prostopadła

R1M23mkBKOCEW1
wymowa w języku angielskim: perpendicular line
opposite reciprocal1
opposite reciprocal

przeciwny do odwrotności

R11VWy5ZA0gC81
wymowa w języku angielskim: opposite reciprocal
parallel line1
parallel line

prosta równoległa

RDP3AkRbqJLh41
wymowa w języku angielskim: parallel lines
point‑slope form1
point‑slope form

równanie kierunkowe prostej

REG49xYbiB7SR1
wymowa w języku angielskim: point‑slope form
two‑points form1
two‑points form

równanie prostej w postaci

R1HBAbHeMk5Wy1
wymowa w języku angielskim: two‑points form