Topicm0b39c5751cc8be61_1528449000663_0Topic

The congruence of triangles

Levelm0b39c5751cc8be61_1528449084556_0Level

Third

Core curriculumm0b39c5751cc8be61_1528449076687_0Core curriculum

VIII. Plane geometry. The student:

12) completes geometric proofs.

Timingm0b39c5751cc8be61_1528449068082_0Timing

45 minutes

General objectivem0b39c5751cc8be61_1528449523725_0General objective

Reasoning, including multiple‑stage arguments, giving arguments, justifying the correctness of reasoning, distinguishing a proof from an example.

Specific objectivesm0b39c5751cc8be61_1528449552113_0Specific objectives

1. Applying the properties of congruent trianglescongruent trianglescongruent triangles, also in problems with proofs.

2. Communication in English, developing mathematical, IT and basic scientific and technical competence, developing learning skills.

Learning outcomesm0b39c5751cc8be61_1528450430307_0Learning outcomes

The studnet:

- applies the properties of congruent trianglescongruent trianglescongruent triangles,

- completes geometric proofs applying the properties of congruent trianglescongruent trianglescongruent triangles.

Methodsm0b39c5751cc8be61_1528449534267_0Methods

1. Discussion.

2. Snowball.

Forms of workm0b39c5751cc8be61_1528449514617_0Forms of work

1. Individual work.

2. Group work.

Lesson stages

Introductionm0b39c5751cc8be61_1528450127855_0Introduction

The teacher informs the students that during this class they will apply the properties of congruent trianglescongruent trianglescongruent triangles in geometric problems.

The students recollect the concept of congruent figures and the properties of congruent trianglescongruent trianglescongruent triangles.

Definition - congruent figurescongruent figurescongruent figures.

- The figures with the same shape and size are called congruent figurescongruent figurescongruent figures. The properties of congruent trianglescongruent trianglescongruent triangles.

The properties of congruent triangles:

- Criterion SSS: 
Two triangles are congruent only when three sides of one triangle equal the corresponding three sides of the other triangle.m0b39c5751cc8be61_1527752263647_0Two triangles are congruent only when three sides of one triangle equal the corresponding three sides of the other triangle.

- Criterion SAS: 
Two triangles are congruent only when two sides of one triangle and the angle between them are equal to corresponding two sides of the other triangle and the angle between them.m0b39c5751cc8be61_1527752256679_0Two triangles are congruent only when two sides of one triangle and the angle between them are equal to corresponding two sides of the other triangle and the angle between them.

- Criterion ASA: 
Two triangles are congruent only when the length of the side of one triangle and two adjacent angles are equal to the length of the side and the two adjacent angles of the corresponding triangle.

Procedurem0b39c5751cc8be61_1528446435040_0Procedure

The students work in groups using the snowball technique. The task of every group is to formulate the properties of congruent right triangles.

The first group writes one of the discovered properties on the poster and passes the poster to another group. This group adds another property and passes the poster on. The poster goes between groups. The last group presents the results. If the students managed to discover 5 properties, they finish this stage of the class. If not, they start discussion leading to the discovery of the missing properties.

Task
The students work individually to solve the following problem:
Two equilateral triangles CBF and ABE were built on sides AB and BC of square ABCD. Prove that DF = DE. 
Hint: 
Prove that triangles EAD and DCF are congruent.

Task
The students work in pairs analysing their proofs. Next, using their computers, they compare their ideas to the ones presented in the applet. They cooperate to consider if line segments DF and DE will be equal also when quadrangle ABCD will be a rectangle.

[Geogebra applet]

The pair nominated by the teacher presents their ideas and findings.

The students still work in pairs, trying to use the simplest ways of solving the tasks, which require applying the properties of congruent trianglescongruent trianglescongruent triangles.

Task 
Prove that two isosceles triangles are congruent if their bases and altitudes are of the same length.

Task 
The sum of areas of two congruent trianglescongruent trianglescongruent triangles equals 60. The lengths of the sides of these triangles are expressed with natural numbers. What is the length of the shortest side in these triangles?

Task 
The centre of side AB in isosceles trapezoid ABCD is point E. In which case triangles ADE, CDE and BCE are congruent?

An extra task:
Applying a selected property of congruent trianglescongruent trianglescongruent triangles, justify that the lengths of the diagonals in an isosceles trapezoid are equal.

Lesson summarym0b39c5751cc8be61_1528450119332_0Lesson summary

The students do the revision exercises.

Then they cooperate to summarize the class and formulate conclusions to memorize.

- The properties of congruent trianglescongruent trianglescongruent triangles are used in geometric proofs, for example to prove that given line segments have the same length.

Selected words and expressions used in the lesson plan

congruent trianglescongruent trianglescongruent triangles

SSS criterionSSS criterionSSS criterion

SAS criterionSAS criterionSAS criterion

ASA criterionASA criterionASA criterion

corresponding sidescorresponding sidescorresponding sides

corresponding anglescorresponding anglescorresponding angles

congruent figurescongruent figurescongruent figures

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congruent triangles1
congruent triangles

trójkąty przystające

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wymowa w języku angielskim: congruent triangles
congruent figures1
congruent figures

figury przystające

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wymowa w języku angielskim: congruent figures
SSS criterion1
SSS criterion

cecha BBB

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wymowa w języku angielskim: SSS criterion
SAS criterion1
SAS criterion

cecha BKB

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wymowa w języku angielskim: SAS criterion
ASA criterion1
ASA criterion

cecha KBK

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wymowa w języku angielskim: ASA criterion
corresponding sides1
corresponding sides

odpowiadające boki

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wymowa w języku angielskim: corresponding sides
corresponding angles1
corresponding angles

odpowiadające kąty

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wymowa w języku angielskim: corresponding angles