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A volcanic eruption is one of the many natural disasters which occur in the world. Study the mind map and learn about different kinds of natural disasters and the vocabulary you can use to describe them.

Wybuch wulkanu to jeden z wielu rodzajów katastrof naturalnych występujących na świecie. Zapoznaj się z mapą pojęć i zyskaj wiedzę z zakresu klęsk żywiołowych oraz przyswój słownictwo, którego można użyć do ich opisania.

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Have you ever experienced a natural disaster?
Czy doświadczyłeś/doświadczyłaś kiedyś klęski żywiołowej?
Źródło: dostępny w internecie: www.pixabay.com [dostęp 30.05.2022], domena publiczna.
Exercise 1
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Match the natural disasters to the correct words associated with them. avalanche Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. high temperatures, unusually hot weather, spell, 2. strong wind, tropical storm, heavy rain, 3. lack of rain, dry areas, water shortage, 4. snow, mountains, slope, 5. lightning, thunder, hail hurricane Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. high temperatures, unusually hot weather, spell, 2. strong wind, tropical storm, heavy rain, 3. lack of rain, dry areas, water shortage, 4. snow, mountains, slope, 5. lightning, thunder, hail drought Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. high temperatures, unusually hot weather, spell, 2. strong wind, tropical storm, heavy rain, 3. lack of rain, dry areas, water shortage, 4. snow, mountains, slope, 5. lightning, thunder, hail heatwave Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. high temperatures, unusually hot weather, spell, 2. strong wind, tropical storm, heavy rain, 3. lack of rain, dry areas, water shortage, 4. snow, mountains, slope, 5. lightning, thunder, hail thunderstorm Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. high temperatures, unusually hot weather, spell, 2. strong wind, tropical storm, heavy rain, 3. lack of rain, dry areas, water shortage, 4. snow, mountains, slope, 5. lightning, thunder, hail
Źródło: GroMar Sp. z o.o., licencja: CC BY-SA 3.0.

Study the mind map and do the exercises below.

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Mapa myśli

Nazwa kategorii: Natural disasters

Elementy należące do kategorii [Natural disasters]

Nazwa kategorii: :Tsunami

Elementy należące do kategorii Tsunami

Nazwa kategorii: drawback – the sudden withdrawing of seawater just before a tsunami floods the shore

Nazwa kategorii: water – borne diseases – illnesses such as cholera, hepatitis and typhold that often happen in the areas where a tsunami happens

Nazwa kategorii: coastal areas – are regions most affected by tsunami

Nazwa kategorii: volcanic eruption – can cause a tsunami if it is close to the sea or ocean

Nazwa kategorii: landslide – if masses of land suddenly move in the ocean or push large amounts of water into the sea or the ocean, it can result in a tsunami

Nazwa kategorii: earthquake – if is very strong and happens in the ocean, it can cause a tsunami

Nazwa kategorii: glant waves – are created when a tsunami is formed

Koniec elementów nalężących do kategorii Tsunami

Nazwa kategorii: Flood

Elementy należące do kategorii Flood

Nazwa kategorii: urban flood – a flood caused by heavy rainfall in cities when water can’t be drained away by sewage system

Nazwa kategorii: low lying areas – are most likely to be affected by floods

Nazwa kategorii: heavy rainfall – one of the causes of flood

Nazwa kategorii: flash flood – a sudden flood often caused by heavy rainfall in areas with steep slopes

Nazwa kategorii: burst banks – rivers burst from their banks during flood

Nazwa kategorii: dam failure – damaged dam can result in flooding of large areas of land

Koniec elementów należących do kategorii Flood

Nazwa kategorii: Earthquake

Elementy należące do kategorii Earthquake

Nazwa kategorii: Richter scale – a scale that expresses the magnitude of an earthquake

Nazwa kategorii: magnitude – a measure of the size of an earthquake

Nazwa kategorii: seismograph – an instrument that measures and records the details of an earthquake

Nazwa kategorii: buildings collapse – during earthquakes buildings often fall down

Nazwa kategorii: epicentre – the point on the Earth’s surface directly above the place where an earthquake happens

Nazwa kategorii: aftershock – a small earthquake that follows a large earthquake

Koniec elementów należących do kategorii Earthquake

Nazwa kategorii: Fire

Elementy należące do kategorii Fire:

Nazwa kategorii: wreak havoc – to cause great damage

Nazwa kategorii: blaze – a very large or fiercely burning fire

Nazwa kategorii: flame – a burning gas from something that is on fire

Nazwa kategorii: wildfire – an uncontrolled and unpredictable fire that spreads quickly over an area of grass or bushes

Nazwa kategorii: sweep through – when a fire moves forcefully and quickly over an area

Koniec elementów należących do kategorii Fire

Nazwa kategorii: Volcanic eruption

Elementy należące do kategorii Volcanic eruption:

Nazwa kategorii: dormant – a volcano that hasn’t erupted for a long time, but might erupt in the future

Nazwa kategorii: extinct – a volcano that shouldn’t erupt in the future as there is no magma inside

Nazwa kategorii: composite – a volcano that is formed when magma is pushed from the inside of the Earth and explodes with great force

Nazwa kategorii: tectonic plates – volcanoes are located along them. When tectonic plates collide and one moves under the other, it leads to the creation of a volcano

Nazwa kategorii: magma – a liquid substance inside an active or a dormant volcano

Nazwa kategorii: :active – a volcano that has erupted and may still erupt in the future

Nazwa kategorii: ash cloud – a mixture of gases and tiny particles erupted by a volcano that can travel long distances and are dangerous to people and animals

Koniec elementów należących do kategorii Volcanic eruption

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Źródło: GroMar Sp. z o.o., licencja: CC BY-SA 3.0.
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Exercise 2
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Translate the missing words and type them into the gaps. 1. Large amounts of     (popiół) Tu uzupełnij     are transported to vast distances in clouds after a volcanic eruption and may cause breathing problems or eye injuries. 2. When a     (tama) Tu uzupełnij     is broken, the large amounts of water from rivers may flood nearby areas. 3. Among frequent causes of tsunamis there are sudden     (osuwiska) Tu uzupełnij     that suddenly fall into seas or oceans with great force. 4. Even when a volcano is     (uśpiony) Tu uzupełnij,     it may explode in the future, so people living nearby should keep at a safe distance. 5. Mass scale wildfires can be caused by a small     (płomień) Tu uzupełnij,     so people shouldn’t leave bonfires unattended.
Źródło: GroMar Sp. z o.o., licencja: CC BY-SA 3.0.
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Exercise 3
Match the words to create correct expressions and check if you completed the mind map correctly. 1. There are three types of volcanoes: extinct, dormant and 1. tremor, 2. Ice melting, 3. drought, 4. drawback, 5. active.
2. A natural sign of an approaching tsunami is a 1. tremor, 2. Ice melting, 3. drought, 4. drawback, 5. active. It’s when the water level drops before the tsunami hits.
3. Minor earthquake is called a 1. tremor, 2. Ice melting, 3. drought, 4. drawback, 5. active.
4. 1. tremor, 2. Ice melting, 3. drought, 4. drawback, 5. active causes sea level to rise and may lead to flooding.
5. One of the causes of fires may be 1. tremor, 2. Ice melting, 3. drought, 4. drawback, 5. active in forests.
Źródło: GroMar Sp. z o.o., licencja: CC BY-SA 3.0.
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Exercise 4
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Study the mind map and choose the correct element. 1. Volcanic eruption is usually followed by lava flow dam failure.

2. As a result of tsunami, giant waves flash floods appear in coastal areas.

3. Floods are usually caused by aftershock heavy rainfall in low-lying areas.

4. Too much water causes rivers tectonic plates to burst their banks.

5. A seismograph measures the blaze magnitude of an earthquake.

6. Flames swept wreaked havoc in the forests of Australia.
Źródło: GroMar Sp. z o.o., licencja: CC BY-SA 3.0.