You will discover the notion of the prime and composite number.
Learning effect
You recognise the prime and composite numbers.
You use the divisibility rules.
You use English to describe the difference between the prime and the composite numbers.
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Prepare a board with the natural numbers from 2 to 30. Give the examples of the multiples of divisors of the natural numbers. Revise the divisibility rulesdivisibility rulesdivisibility rules by 2, 3 and 5. Today you are going to discover the prime and the composite numbers.
Task 1
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Use the board you have prepared for the lesson. Cross out:
a) the even numbers, larger than 2, b) the multiples of number 3, larger than 3, c) the numbers divisible by 5, larger than 5.
Circle the numbers which weren’t crossed out. They are called the prime numbers. The numbers which were crossed out are called the composite numbers.
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Consider:
What divisors do the prime numbers have?
How many divisors are there?
What common feature do the prime numbers have?
What divisors the composite numbers have?
How many divisors do the composite numbers have at least?
Is it a constant number?
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Note, that:
The prime numbers divide by oneoneone and by themselves only. Therefore they have exactly two divisors.
The composite numbers divide not only by oneoneone and by themselves. Therefore they have at least three divisors.
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Consider:
What numbers were omitted at the beginning?
What are the divisors of the numbers: 0 and 1?
How many of them are there? Do the numbers: 0 and 1 divide by themselves?
Are the numbers: 0 and 1 the prime or the composite numbers?
Note, that:
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ZerozeroZero divides by all the natural numbers. So it has the infinite number of divisors. Although it doesn’t divide by itself.
OneoneOne has got only one divisordivisordivisor: one.
Numbers: 0 and 1 are neither prime nor composite numbers.
Task 2
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Analyse the slideshow concerning the method of identifying the prime numbers within 100.
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On the basis of the gained information complete the following tasks.
Task 3
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Write the least and the largest two‑digit prime numberprime numberprime number.
Task 4
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Write the least 12 prime numbers and check if their sum is divisible by 3. Use the knowledge about the divisibility rulesdivisibility rulesdivisibility rules of natural numbers.
Task 5
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Among the following five numbers only oneoneone is the prime numberprime numberprime number. Identify it.
112; 101; 225; 121; 2001
Write down the least and the largest two‑digit prime numberprime numberprime number.
Task 6
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Use the Internet to find some curiosities about the prime numbers e.g. using large prime numbers to encrypt messages, the ways of searching them, the largest prime numberprime numberprime number that has been discovered so far.
Task 7
An extra task:
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Find on the Internet the information about the emirpemirpemirp numbers. Among the prime numbers smaller than 100, write down all the pairs of emirpemirpemirp numbers.
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Remember:
The natural positive number with two or more divisors is called the composite numbercomposite numbercomposite number.
The natural number larger than oneoneone with two divisors only: one and itself is called the prime numberprime numberprime number.
Numbers: 0 and 1 are neither prime nor composite numbers.
Do the summarising tasks.
Exercises
Exercise 1
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Exercise 2
Calculate the sum of all the composite numbers larger than 4, smaller than 20. Is the number you have gained the prime one?
5 + 6 + 8 + 9 + 10 + 12 + 14 + 15 + 16 + 18 = 113
Number 113 is the prime number.
Exercise 3
Among the following numbers identify the prime ones: