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Prime and composite numbers

Source: licencja: CC 0.

Liczby pierwsze i złożone

Learning objectives

You will discover the notion of the prime and composite number.

Learning effect

  • You recognise the prime and composite numbers.

  • You use the divisibility rules.

  • You use English to describe the difference between the prime and the composite numbers.

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nagranie abstraktu

Prepare a board with the natural numbers from 2 to 30. Give the examples of the multiples of divisors of the natural numbers. Revise the divisibility rulesdivisibility rulesdivisibility rules by 2, 3 and 5. Today you are going to discover the prime and the composite numbers.

Task 1
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nagranie abstraktu

Use the board you have prepared for the lesson. Cross out:

a) the even numbers, larger than 2,
b) the multiples of number 3, larger than 3,
c) the numbers divisible by 5, larger than 5.

Circle the numbers which weren’t crossed out. They are called the prime numbers. The numbers which were crossed out are called the composite numbers.

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nagranie abstraktu

Consider:

  • What divisors do the prime numbers have?

  • How many divisors are there?

  • What common feature do the prime numbers have?

  • What divisors the composite numbers have?

  • How many divisors do the composite numbers have at least?

  • Is it a constant number?

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nagranie abstraktu

Note, that:

  • The prime numbers divide by oneoneone and by themselves only. Therefore they have exactly two divisors.

  • The composite numbers divide not only by oneoneone and by themselves. Therefore they have at least three divisors.

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nagranie abstraktu

Consider:

  • What numbers were omitted at the beginning?

  • What are the divisors of the numbers: 0 and 1?

  • How many of them are there? Do the numbers: 0 and 1 divide by themselves?

  • Are the numbers: 0 and 1 the prime or the composite numbers?

Note, that:

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nagranie abstraktu
  • ZerozeroZero divides by all the natural numbers. So it has the infinite number of divisors. Although it doesn’t divide by itself.

  • OneoneOne has got only one divisordivisordivisor: one.

  • Numbers: 0 and 1 are neither prime nor composite numbers.

Task 2
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nagranie abstraktu

Analyse the slideshow concerning the method of identifying the prime numbers within 100.

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Pokaz multimedialny - sito Eratostenesa. Instrukcja obsługi z poziomu klawiatury: 1. Uruchomienie aplikacji - ENTER, 2. Na każdym ze slajdów czytany jest automatycznie tekst alternatywny po polsku, 3. Przy pierwszym uruchomieniu na pierwszym slajdzie, czytanie tekstu po angielsku - TAB, 4. Przejście między slajdami: do następnego slajdu - TAB, do poprzedniego slajdu - TAB + SHIFT, 5. Przejście do czytania napisu po angielsku - strzałka w górę + strzałka w dół (czyta tekst po angielsku widoczny na slajdzie).
Sieve of Eratosthenes
Source: GroMar, licencja: CC BY 3.0.

On the basis of the gained information complete the following tasks.

Task 3
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nagranie abstraktu

Write the least and the largest two‑digit prime numberprime numberprime number.

Task 4
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nagranie abstraktu

Write the least 12 prime numbers and check if their sum is divisible by 3. Use the knowledge about the divisibility rulesdivisibility rulesdivisibility rules of natural numbers.

Task 5
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nagranie abstraktu

Among the following five numbers only oneoneone is the prime numberprime numberprime number. Identify it.

112; 101; 225; 121; 2001

Write down the least and the largest two‑digit prime numberprime numberprime number.

Task 6
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nagranie abstraktu

Use the Internet to find some curiosities about the prime numbers e.g. using large prime numbers to encrypt messages, the ways of searching them, the largest prime numberprime numberprime number that has been discovered so far.

Task 7

An extra task:

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nagranie abstraktu

Find on the Internet the information about the emirpemirpemirp numbers. Among the prime numbers smaller than 100, write down all the pairs of emirpemirpemirp numbers.

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nagranie abstraktu

Remember:

  • The natural positive number with two or more divisors is called the composite numbercomposite numbercomposite number.

  • The natural number larger than oneoneone with two divisors only: one and itself is called the prime numberprime numberprime number.

  • Numbers: 0 and 1 are neither prime nor composite numbers.

Do the summarising tasks.

Exercises

Exercise 1
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Wersja alternatywna ćwiczenia: Determine which sentences are true. Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. Number 111 is a prime number., 2. There are exactly two natural numbers which are neither prime nor composite., 3. The least prime number is 1., 4. Number 2 is the only even prime number., 5. 11 is the least two-digit prime number.
Rzadanie
Source: GroMar, licencja: CC BY 3.0.
Exercise 2

Calculate the sum of all the composite numbers larger than 4, smaller than 20. Is the number you have gained the prime one?

Exercise 3

Among the following numbers identify the prime ones:

14, 31, 43, 51, 59, 65, 79, 101, 121, 201, 324, 405.

Describe the difference betweenthe prime and composite numbers in English.

Exercise 4
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Wersja alternatywna ćwiczenia: Indicate which pairs of expressions or words are translated correctly. Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. liczba pierwsza - prime number, 2. liczba złożona - composite number, 3. dzielnik - divisor, 4. wielokrotność - multiple, 5. zero - one, 6. jeden - zero
Rzadanie
Source: GroMar, licencja: CC BY 3.0.
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Interaktywna gra, polegająca na łączeniu wyrazów w pary w ciągu jednej minuty. Czas zaczyna upływać wraz z rozpoczęciem gry. Jeden ruch to odkrywanie najpierw jednej potem drugiej karty z wyrazem. Każdy wyraz jest odczytywany. Kolejny ruch to odkrywanie trzeciej i czwartej karty. W ten sposób odsłuchasz wszystkie wyrazy. Nawigacja z poziomu klawiatury za pomocą strzałek, odsłuchiwanie wyrazów enterem lub spacją. Znajdź wszystkie pary wyrazów.
Source: Zespół autorski Politechniki Łódzkiej, licencja: CC BY 3.0.

Glossary

composite number
composite number

liczba złożona - liczba naturalna, która ma więcej niż dwa dzielniki i jest liczbą różną od zera

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wymowa w języku angielskim: composite number
divisibility rules
divisibility rules

cechy podzielności liczb

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wymowa w języku angielskim: divisibility rules
divisor
divisor

dzielnik

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wymowa w języku angielskim: divisor
emirp
emirp

liczba lustrzana

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wymowa w języku angielskim: emirp
even number
even number

liczba parzysta

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wymowa w języku angielskim: even number
multiple
multiple

wielokrotność

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wymowa w języku angielskim: multiple
one
one

jeden

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wymowa w języku angielskim: one
prime number
prime number

liczba pierwsza - liczba naturalna, która ma tylko dwa dzielniki: jeden i samą siebie

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wymowa w języku angielskim: prime number
sieve of Eratosthenes
sieve of Eratosthenes

sito Eratostenesa

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wymowa w języku angielskim: sieve of Eratosthenes
zero
zero

zero

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wymowa w języku angielskim: zero

Keywords

composite numbercomposite numbercomposite number

divisordivisordivisor

multiplemultiplemultiple

prime numberprime numberprime number

sieve of Eratosthenessieve of Eratosthenessieve of Eratosthenes