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The teenager in the picture seems to be spending her time in an inactive way scrolling texts or videos on her mobile. Does it sound familiar to you? How many hours daily do you think you spend sitting, surfing the net, watching TV, or playing games? And how much time do you devote to physical activities on a daily basis? Are you aware of the consequences of a sedentary lifestyle? In this part of the material you will find out what, in fact, it means and you will get familiar with the symptoms that should raise the alarm.

Nastolatka na zdjęciu zdaje się spędzać czas w sposób mało aktywny, przewijając wiadomości lub filmiki na telefonie. Brzmi znajomo? Jak sądzisz, ile godzin dziennie poświęcasz na przeglądanie internetu, oglądanie telewizji, granie? Ile czasu zajmuje ci aktywność fizyczna? Czy jesteś świadom/świadoma konsekwencji siedzącego trybu życia? W tej części materiału dowiesz się, czym jest siedzący tryb życia oraz jakie symptomy powinny cię zaniepokoić.

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Today I’m doing nothing!
Dziś nie robię nic!
Źródło: dostępny w internecie: www.unsplash.com [dostęp 10.08.2022], domena publiczna.
Exercise 1
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Drag the words to create a quotation of Jessie Pavelka, an American health expert, coach, and TEDx speaker, related to a sedentary lifestyle. 1. 1. If, 2. you’re going, 3. sedentary lifestyle, 4. a, 5. and, 6. we live, 7. lack confidence, 8. to be depressed1. If, 2. you’re going, 3. sedentary lifestyle, 4. a, 5. and, 6. we live, 7. lack confidence, 8. to be depressed1. If, 2. you’re going, 3. sedentary lifestyle, 4. a, 5. and, 6. we live, 7. lack confidence, 8. to be depressed1. If, 2. you’re going, 3. sedentary lifestyle, 4. a, 5. and, 6. we live, 7. lack confidence, 8. to be depressed, 1. If, 2. you’re going, 3. sedentary lifestyle, 4. a, 5. and, 6. we live, 7. lack confidence, 8. to be depressed1. If, 2. you’re going, 3. sedentary lifestyle, 4. a, 5. and, 6. we live, 7. lack confidence, 8. to be depressed1. If, 2. you’re going, 3. sedentary lifestyle, 4. a, 5. and, 6. we live, 7. lack confidence, 8. to be depressed1. If, 2. you’re going, 3. sedentary lifestyle, 4. a, 5. and, 6. we live, 7. lack confidence, 8. to be depressed.
Źródło: GroMar Sp. z o.o., licencja: CC BY-SA 3.0.
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2. 1. So, 2. and get active, 3. get out there1. So, 2. and get active, 3. get out there1. So, 2. and get active, 3. get out there.
Źródło: GroMar Sp. z o.o., licencja: CC BY-SA 3.0.

Study the text and do the exercises below.

Sitting Disease
Anna Faszcza Sitting Disease

Living an inactive way of life has already become a significant public medical and health issue and seems to be widespread in many nations. Research shows that about 21 percent of adults meet the physical activity guidelinesmeet the physical activity guidelinesmeet the physical activity guidelines while 5 percent perform 30 minutes of any kind of sport every day. What does it exactly say about our habits? A. ________ But how do we know that we are among those who lead a sedentary lifestylesedentary lifestylesedentary lifestyle?

First of all, if you lack energy and feel fatiguedfeel fatiguedfeel fatigued for most of the time, it should raise the alarm. The less we move, the less endorphins are produced. B. ________ In other words, unless we take up any activity, we won’t improve our cardiovascular conditionwon’t improve our cardiovascular condition [improve the cardiovascular condition]won’t improve our cardiovascular condition nor generate more energygenerate more energygenerate more energy to act.

Struggling with sleep? Scientists have solid evidencesolid evidencesolid evidence that physical activity has a salutary effect on the quantity and quality of sleephas a salutary effect on the quantity and quality of sleep [have a salutary effect on the quantity and quality of sleep]has a salutary effect on the quantity and quality of sleep. In order to guarantee a good rest during the night, it’s sufficient to exercise 30 minutes of aerobics four or five times a week at least one to two hours before going to bed.

Putting on weightputting on weight [put on weight]Putting on weight might be a sign either of a health problem or… lack of movement. Actually, both reasons need a complete attitude changeattitude changeattitude change. Sitting for the majority of the day results in slow metabolismslow metabolism [metabolism]slow metabolism, digestion problemsdigestion problems [digestion problem]digestion problems, gaining kilos, and stiff jointsstiff joints [stiff joint]stiff joints as well. C. ________ If your body aches, the only possible cure for that is regular exercise which will bring reliefbring reliefbring relief and strengthen muscles.

Don’t forget that lying on the sofa for most of the day doesn't help your spine keep upright posturekeep upright posturekeep upright posture. Without enough physical activity, you are at risk of weakening your muscles, which may consequently lead to slouchingslouching [slouch]slouching. It goes like this: a bad body position causes backaches and stiff joints. The longer you remain inactive, the more problems you will have with your back. That makes a vicious circlevicious circle [vicious cycle]vicious circle.

Another issue that you should examine thoroughly is the condition of your skin. Healthy skin looks and feels smooth and is of a natural glow. If your skin is dry, of darkened colour, dull and looks aged, it might be a signal that you don’t exercise enough, nor drink enough water. Exercising supports healthy blood circulationblood circulationblood circulation, which maintains vibrant skin.

Not only our physical sphere suffers from a sedentary lifestyle, but our mental health does too. D. ________ Many struggle with depression, stress, and anxiety. Needless to say, weak psychological conditions negatively affect the quality of life. Remember: a healthy body is a healthy mind.

A sedentary lifestyle is not only about bad skin condition, problems with digestion, or feeling tired. The consequences of it might be far more serious than we imagine. Being inactive can be one of the causes of a number of chronic diseaseschronic diseases [chronic disease]chronic diseases such as heart diseaseheart diseases [heart disease]heart disease, high blood pressurehigh blood pressurehigh blood pressure, strokestrokestroke, osteoporosisosteoporosisosteoporosis, diabetesdiabetesdiabetes, obesity, and increased feelings of depression. It is also said that avoiding physical activities may raise the risk of premature deathpremature deathpremature death. The more sedentary you are, the higher the risks are.

If you haven’t been active, you can start slowly and gradually. Changing habits isn’t easy, but it’s worth the effort for your health’s sake. There are many ways to start being active, and everyone should find the type best for them. You can start with simple, regular walks. Getting some exercise is always better than none. So, do not wait for another Monday, leave the sofa, wear a pair of comfortable sneakers, and move, move, move!

1 Źródło: Anna Faszcza, licencja: CC BY-SA 3.0.
Exercise 2
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Fill in the gaps (A–D) with sentences so that they match the text logically. There are two extra sentences you do not need to use. A. 1. Having a decrease in psychological well-being needs immediate doctor’s advice., 2. Endorphins are produced to help relieve pain and reduce stress., 3. Well, it seems that on average we sit daily for almost 8 hours., 4. Lack of flexibility is something you shouldn’t ignore, though., 5. These are the body’s natural hormones that are released when we remain active and which make us perform., 6. It is proven that people who are less active have a decrease in psychological well-being.
B. 1. Having a decrease in psychological well-being needs immediate doctor’s advice., 2. Endorphins are produced to help relieve pain and reduce stress., 3. Well, it seems that on average we sit daily for almost 8 hours., 4. Lack of flexibility is something you shouldn’t ignore, though., 5. These are the body’s natural hormones that are released when we remain active and which make us perform., 6. It is proven that people who are less active have a decrease in psychological well-being.
C. 1. Having a decrease in psychological well-being needs immediate doctor’s advice., 2. Endorphins are produced to help relieve pain and reduce stress., 3. Well, it seems that on average we sit daily for almost 8 hours., 4. Lack of flexibility is something you shouldn’t ignore, though., 5. These are the body’s natural hormones that are released when we remain active and which make us perform., 6. It is proven that people who are less active have a decrease in psychological well-being.
D. 1. Having a decrease in psychological well-being needs immediate doctor’s advice., 2. Endorphins are produced to help relieve pain and reduce stress., 3. Well, it seems that on average we sit daily for almost 8 hours., 4. Lack of flexibility is something you shouldn’t ignore, though., 5. These are the body’s natural hormones that are released when we remain active and which make us perform., 6. It is proven that people who are less active have a decrease in psychological well-being.
Źródło: GroMar Sp. z o.o., licencja: CC BY-SA 3.0.
Exercise 3
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Based on the text related to a sedentary lifestyle, match the halves to create logical sentences. Endorphins are produced in the brain Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. is a positive trigger to our psychological well-being., 2. by introducing simple solutions like regular walking., 3. when we move and exercise regularly., 4. it is advisable to do aerobics during the day., 5. influences skin condition., 6. might be the consequence of an improper body position. To get a good and solid sleep at night Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. is a positive trigger to our psychological well-being., 2. by introducing simple solutions like regular walking., 3. when we move and exercise regularly., 4. it is advisable to do aerobics during the day., 5. influences skin condition., 6. might be the consequence of an improper body position. A backache and stiff joints Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. is a positive trigger to our psychological well-being., 2. by introducing simple solutions like regular walking., 3. when we move and exercise regularly., 4. it is advisable to do aerobics during the day., 5. influences skin condition., 6. might be the consequence of an improper body position. Healthy blood circulation Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. is a positive trigger to our psychological well-being., 2. by introducing simple solutions like regular walking., 3. when we move and exercise regularly., 4. it is advisable to do aerobics during the day., 5. influences skin condition., 6. might be the consequence of an improper body position. Keeping an active lifestyle Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. is a positive trigger to our psychological well-being., 2. by introducing simple solutions like regular walking., 3. when we move and exercise regularly., 4. it is advisable to do aerobics during the day., 5. influences skin condition., 6. might be the consequence of an improper body position. One can avoid the bad consequences of a sedentary lifestyle Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. is a positive trigger to our psychological well-being., 2. by introducing simple solutions like regular walking., 3. when we move and exercise regularly., 4. it is advisable to do aerobics during the day., 5. influences skin condition., 6. might be the consequence of an improper body position.
Źródło: GroMar Sp. z o.o., licencja: CC BY-SA 3.0.
Exercise 4

Based on the information from the text, write in 4–5 sentences what the bad effects of a sedentary lifestyle there are on our:

a) physical health

b) mental health

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(Uzupełnij).
Źródło: GroMar Sp. z o.o., licencja: CC BY-SA 3.0.

Słownik

attitude change
attitude change

/ ˈætɪtjuːd tʃeɪndʒ /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

zmiana nastawienia (a change in the way we think)

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
blood circulation
blood circulation

/ blʌd ˌsɜːkjʊˈleɪʃn̩ /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

krążenie krwi (the movement of blood throughout the body)

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
bring relief
bring relief

/ brɪŋ rɪˈliːf /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

przynosić ulgę (to make someone feel relieved)

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
chronic diseases [chronic disease]
chronic diseases [chronic disease]

/ ˈkrɒnɪk dɪˈziːzɪz / / ˈkrɒnɪk dɪˈziːz /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

choroby przewlekłe [choroba przewlekła] (an illness that lasts long and requires medical attention)

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
decrease in psychological well‑being
decrease in psychological well‑being

/ dɪˈkriːs ɪn ˌsaɪkəˈlɒdʒɪkl̩ wel ˈbiːɪŋ /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

obniżenie samopoczucia psychicznego (a deterioration in the way someone feels)

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
diabetes
diabetes

/ ˌdaɪəˈbiːtɪz /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

cukrzyca (a disease in which the body’s ability to manage the insulin hormone is impaired)

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
digestion problems [digestion problem]
digestion problems [digestion problem]

/ dɪˈdʒestʃən ˈprɒbləmz / / dɪˈdʒestʃən ˈprɒbləm /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

problemy trawienne [problem z trawieniem] (a problem with digesting food)

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
feel fatigued
feel fatigued

/ fiːl fəˈtiːɡd /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

odczuwać zmęczenie (to feel tired)

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
generate more energy
generate more energy

/ ˈdʒenəreɪt mɔːr ˈenədʒi /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

wytwarzać więcej energii (to make energy)

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
has a salutary effect on the quantity and quality of sleep [have a salutary effect on the quantity and quality of sleep]
has a salutary effect on the quantity and quality of sleep [have a salutary effect on the quantity and quality of sleep]

/ ˈhæz ə ˈsæljʊtri ɪˈfekt ˈɒn ðə ˈkwɒntɪti ənd ˈkwɒlɪti əv sliːp / / həv ə ˈsæljʊtri ɪˈfekt ˈɒn ðə ˈkwɒntɪti ənd ˈkwɒlɪti əv sliːp /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

ma zbawienny wpływ na ilość i jakość snu [mieć zbawienny wpływ na ilość i jakość snu] (to have a positive influence on how much and well we sleep)

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
heart diseases [heart disease]
heart diseases [heart disease]

/ ˈhɑ:t dɪzi:zɪz / / ˈhɑ:t dɪzi:z /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

choroby serca [choroba serca] (a disease related to the heart)

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
high blood pressure
high blood pressure

/ ˌhaɪ blʌd ˈpreʃə /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

wysokie ciśnienie krwi (it happens when blood pressure, the force of your blood pushing against the walls of your blood vessels, is too high)

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
keep upright posture
keep upright posture

/ kiːp ʌpraɪt ˈpɒstʃə /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

utrzymać wyprostowaną postawę ciała (to keep a correct and healthy posture)

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
meet the physical activity guidelines
meet the physical activity guidelines

/ miːt ðə ˈfɪzɪkl̩ ækˈtɪvəti ˈɡaɪdlaɪnz /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

spełniać wytyczne dotyczące aktywności fizycznej (to do the recommended amount of sports)

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
osteoporosis
osteoporosis

/ ˌɒstiəʊpəˈrəʊsɪs /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

osteoporoza (a health condition that weakens one’s bones)

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
premature death
premature death

/ ˈpremətjʊə detheta /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

przedwczesna śmierć (death that occurs too early)

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
putting on weight [put on weight]
putting on weight [put on weight]

/ ˈpʊtɪŋ ˈɒn weɪt / / ˈpʊt ˈɒn weɪt /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

przybieranie na wadze [przybierać na wadze] (to gain weight)

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
quantity and quality
quantity and quality

/ ˈkwɒntɪti ənd ˈkwɒlɪti /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

ilość i jakość (information about how much of sth there is and how well it is made)

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
sedentary lifestyle
sedentary lifestyle

/ ˈsedntri ˈlaɪfstaɪl /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

siedzący tryb życia (an inactive way of spending time)

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
slow metabolism [metabolism]
slow metabolism [metabolism]

/ sləʊ məˈtæbəˌlɪzəm / /  məˈtæbəˌlɪzəm /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

spowolniony metabolizm [metabolizm] (a process in the body whose aim is to maintain life)

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
slouching [slouch]
slouching [slouch]

/ ˈslaʊtʃɪŋ / / slaʊtʃ /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

przygarbienie [garbić się] (to have a drooping posture)

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
solid evidence
solid evidence

/ ˌsɒlɪd ˈevɪdəns /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

rzetelny dowód (strong proof)

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
stiff joints [stiff joint]
stiff joints [stiff joint]

/ stɪf dʒɔɪnts / / stɪf dʒɔɪnt /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

sztywne stawy [sztywny staw] (a joint that isn’t flexible)

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
stroke
stroke

/ strəʊk /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

udar (a medical condition that happens when a lot of blood flows to a part of the brain or when the flow of blood to the brain is blocked)

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
vicious circle [vicious cycle]
vicious circle [vicious cycle]

/ ˈvɪʃəs ˈsɜːkl̩ / / ˈvɪʃəs ˈsaɪkl̩ /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

błędne koło (a continuing unpleasant situation)

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
won’t improve our cardiovascular condition [improve the cardiovascular condition]
won’t improve our cardiovascular condition [improve the cardiovascular condition]

/ wəʊnt ɪmˈpruːv ˈaʊə ˌkɑːdiəʊˈvæskjələ kənˈdɪʃn̩ / / ɪmˈpruːv ðə ˌkɑːdiəʊˈvæskjələ kənˈdɪʃn̩ /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

nie poprawi naszego układu krążenia [poprawić układ krążenia] (to fix the heart and blood vessels system )

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

Źródło: GroMar Sp. z o.o., licencja: CC BY‑SA 3.0

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(Uzupełnij).
Źródło: GroMar Sp. z o.o., licencja: CC BY-SA 3.0.