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The aim of the Olympic Games is to unite people and give everyone equal chances to compete in the field of sport. Unfortunately, women were excluded from these ideals for many decades, or even centuries if we consider the ancient Olympics. How much do you know about the history of women in the Olympic Games? Do you know who Margaret Abbott was?

Celem igrzysk olimpijskich jest jednoczenie ludzi i dawanie im równych szans w dostępie do rywalizacji sportowej. Niestety kobiety były pozbawione tej możliwości przez dekady, a nawet stulecia - jeśli weźmiemy pod uwagę również igrzyska w starożytności. Czy wiesz, jaka jest historia udziału kobiet w igrzyskach olimpijskich oraz kim była Margaret Abbott?

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Equality is one of the fundamentals of the Olympic Games
Równość to jedna z podwalin igrzysk olimpijskich
Źródło: dostępny w internecie: www.pexels.com [dostęp 18.08.2022], domena publiczna.
Exercise 1
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Match the words and phrases with their definitions.
Źródło: GroMar Sp. z o.o., licencja: CC BY-SA 3.0.

Read the text and do the exercises below.

An Accidental Champion
Anna Posyniak‑Dutka An Accidental Champion

Baron Pierre de Coubertin restarted the tradition of the Olympic Games in the modern era in 1896, when the first such event took place in Athens. He also formulated the motto: all nations – all games, which means that first of all, the Olympics are available to sportspeople from all countries regardless ofregardless ofregardless of their nationality, race, religion, or political views. And secondly, all sports disciplines are represented on equal termson equal termson equal terms. De Coubertin believed that Olympic rivalryOlympic rivalryOlympic rivalry should build peace and friendship between people.

All that sounds noblenoblenoble, but what about women? Although they were fighting for equal rights at the end of the 19th century, women were not treated the same as men. Even Baron de Coubertin, with his ideas of egalitarianismegalitarianismegalitarianism, banned women from participating in the Olympic Games. He claimed that allowing women to take part would be a violation ofviolation ofviolation of the ancient principles. They were given the role of a beautiful decoration and could reward male sportsmen by handing them medals. 

The first modern era Olympic Games was an entirely male event. At the next one, however, in 1900, 4 years later, 22 out of 997 participants were female. Women were allowed to compete in socially acceptablesocially acceptablesocially acceptable, non‑contact sportsnon‑contact sports [non‑contact sport]non‑contact sports such as tennis, archeryarcheryarchery, sailing, croquetcroquetcroquet, horse riding, and golf.  Sadly, including women was only a matter of money because the female tennis and golf matches attracted a wide audienceattracted a wide audience [attract an audience]attracted a wide audience.

And here comes Margaret Ives Abbot, the first female Olympic champion. To understand her story we must know a bit about the 1900 Olympic Games. It was organised as a sideshowsideshowsideshow of the World’s FairWorld FairWorld’s Fair held that year in Paris. 95 disciplines were played over a span ofover a span ofover a span of almost 6 months, often at venuesvenues [venue]venues that lacked proper infrastructure, which caused numerous organisational problems. As it later turned out, some contestants didn’t know that they were still participating, let alonelet alonelet alone become Olympic champions! That was the case of Margaret Ives Abbott, who won a golf tournament.

Margaret Abbott wasn’t aware of her success, the world also seemed not to know about it for decades. Her participation in the Olympics was accidentalaccidentalaccidental. She happened to be in Paris at the time of the Olympic Games, and as she had been an amateur golfer who had participated in championships before, she showed upshowed up [show up]showed up and won! What’s more, she competed against her mother in the tournament! As a winner, Margaret wasn’t given a golden medal but a porcelain bowl.

Ms Abbott and her story was discovered late in the 20th century by a curious professor of history. All her findingsfindings [finding]findings show that she was a real pathfinderpathfinderpathfinder for hundreds of female athletes who, against all oddsagainst all oddsagainst all odds, decided to prove that they deserved their place in the history of sports. Margaret did not compete for any award or publicitypublicitypublicity, but for the true love of sports. That’s the genuine spiritgenuine spiritgenuine spirit of the Olympic Games!

1 Źródło: Anna Posyniak‑Dutka, licencja: CC BY-SA 3.0.
1
Exercise 2
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Read the text about Margaret Abbott, the first American Olympic champion, and answer the questions below. There is only one correct answer in each case. 1. Baron Pierre de Coubertin
a) was sentenced for discriminating against certain goups of
sportspeople.
b) manifested his freedom during the Olympic Games.
c) wanted the Olympic Games to enhance international cooperation.
d) believed that only some countries should be represented at
the Olympic Games.

2. Which statement is NOT true about women’s participation in the first modern era Olympic Games?
a) Women were given the function of giving winners trophies.
b) Women disobeyed the Olympic rules which had been in place for centuries.
c) Women were treated in the same way as male contestants.
d) Women were paid money to play tennis and golf.

3. At the 1900 Olympic Games, women
a) were granted permission to compete in 5 disciplines.
b) were not interested in participating in contact sports.
c) earned a lot of money from participating in the Olympics.
d) were organised in secret.

4. The 1900 Olympic Games
a) were organised after the Paris World Fair.
b) took nearly half a year to complete.
c) was perfectly orchestrated.
d) gave the golden medal she had won to her mother.

5. Margaret Ives Abbott
a) had practised for many years to be able to participate in the
Olympic Games.
b) made her living as a golfer.
c) defeated a member of her family to win the Olympic golf tournament.
d) Ms Abbott’s medal was made of porcelain.
Źródło: GroMar Sp. z o.o., licencja: CC BY-SA 3.0.
Exercise 3
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Match the words in bold and phrases with their definitions.
Źródło: GroMar Sp. z o.o., licencja: CC BY-SA 3.0.
Exercise 4

Answer the questions. Write 4–5 sentences to each question.

  1. Do you think Margaret Abbott deserves to go down in history of the Olympics? Why? Why not?

  2. What does the Olympic motto: all nations – all games mean? Did the first modern era Olympic Games fully follow this principle? Why? Why not?

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(Uzupełnij).
Źródło: GroMar Sp. z o.o., licencja: CC BY-SA 3.0.

Słownik

accidental
accidental

/ ˌæksɪˈdentl̩ /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

przypadkowy/przypadkowa (unplanned)

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
against all odds
against all odds

/ əˈɡenst ɔ:l ɒdz /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

wbrew wszelkim przeciwnościom (although it was difficult or nearly impossible)

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
attracted a wide audience [attract an audience]
attracted a wide audience [attract an audience]

/ əˈtræktɪd ə ˌwaɪd ˈɔːdiəns / / əˈtrækt ən ˈɔːdiəns /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

przyciągnęli/przyciągnęły szeroką publiczność [przyciągnąć publiczność] (to be interesting and draw spectators to come and watch the event)

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
croquet
croquet

/ ˈkrəʊkeɪ /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

krokiet (a sport in which players use long wooden hammers to hit wooden balls through metal hoops)

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
egalitarianism
egalitarianism

/ ɪˌɡælɪˈteərɪənɪzəm /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

egalitaryzm (the belief that all people should be given the same rights and conditions)

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
findings [finding]
findings [finding]

/ ˈfaɪndɪŋz / / ˈfaɪndɪŋ /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

odkrycia, konkluzje [odkrycie, konkluzja]

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
genuine spirit
genuine spirit

/ ˈdʒenjʊɪn ˈspɪrɪt /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

prawdziwy duch (the real mindset, way of thinking)

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
let alone
let alone

/ ˈlet əˈləʊn /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

a co dopiero (used after a negative statement to express how unlikely something is to happen)

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
noble
noble

/ ˈnəʊbl̩ /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

szlachetny/szlachetna (virtuous)

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
non‑contact sports [non‑contact sport]
non‑contact sports [non‑contact sport]

/ ˌnɒn ˈkɒntækt spɔːts / / ˌnɒn ˈkɒntækt spɔːt /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

sporty niekontaktowe [sport niekontaktowy] (a sport discipline in which players do not have physical contact with other contestants)

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
Olympic rivalry
Olympic rivalry

/ əˈlɪmpɪk ˈraɪvəlri /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

rywalizacja olimpijska (the spirit of olympic competition)

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
on equal terms
on equal terms

/ ˈɒn ˈiːkwəl tɜːmz /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

na równych warunkach (based on the same conditions)

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
over a span of
over a span of

/ ˈəʊvər ə spæn ɒv /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

przez okres (during)

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
pathfinder
pathfinder

/ ˈpɑːthetafaɪndə /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

pionier/pionierka (a person who does something nobody did before them or does something in a new way)

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
porcelain bowl
porcelain bowl

/ ˈpɔːsəlɪn bəʊl /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

porcelanowa misa (a deep dish made of china)

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
publicity
publicity

/ pʌbˈlɪsɪti /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

rozgłos (actions aimed at attracting the attention of many people)

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
regardless of
regardless of

/ rɪˈɡɑːdləs ɒv /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

bez względu na (not being influenced by any conditions or criteria)

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
rivalry
rivalry

/ ˈraɪvəlri /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

rywalizacja (a state in which two people are competing for the same thing)

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
showed up [show up]
showed up [show up]

/ ʃəʊd ʌp / / ʃəʊ ʌp /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

pojawił się/ pojawiła się [pojawić się] (to arrive somewhere)

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
sideshow
sideshow

/ ˈsaɪdʃəʊ /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

impreza towarzysząca (a smaller or less important event taking place alongside the main event)

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
socially acceptable
socially acceptable

/ ˈsəʊʃəli əkˈseptəbl̩ /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

społecznie akceptowalne (tolerated by society)

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
venues [venue]
venues [venue]

/ ˈvenjuːz / / ˈvenjuː /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

miejsca [miejsce] (a place where an event happens)

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
violation of
violation of

/ ˌvaɪəˈleɪʃn̩ ɒv /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

naruszenie, pogwałcenie (an act of breaking some rules or laws)

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
virtuous
virtuous

/ ˈvɜːtʃuəs /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

prawy, cnotliwy (having good moral qualities and behaviour)

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
World Fair
World Fair

/ ˈwɜ:ld feə /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

wystawa światowa (a large international exhibition which presents achievements of different nations)

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

Źródło: GroMar Sp. z o.o., licencja: CC BY‑SA 3.0

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Źródło: GroMar Sp. z o.o., domena publiczna.
archery
archery

/ ˈɑːtʃəri /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

łucznictwo (a sport in which contestants use a bow and arrow to shoot at a target)

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Nagranie dźwiękowe