The life of a student can be a period of financial hardship. In this section, you are going to read a story of Dave, a freshman exchange student at a foreign university, who gives some tips on how to get by on a budget.
Studia mogą być trudnym finansowo czasem. W tej sekcji przeczytasz historię Dave’a, studenta pierwszego roku na wymianie studenckiej, który podpowiada, jak przeżyć ze skromnym budżetem.
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Zdjęcie przedstawia młodego mężczyznę siedzącego na taborecie na tle lasu. Przed nim ustawiono urządzenie nagrywające na statywie.
Studying on a budget
Studia i zaciskanie pasa
Źródło: dostępny w internecie: www.pexels.com [dostęp 16.12.2021], domena publiczna.
Exercise1
Think or talk to your classmate. What do you think life will look like when you graduate from your school? How do students earn money? What are the ways in which you can supplement your budget when studying?
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(Uzupełnij).
Źródło: GroMar Sp. z o.o., licencja: CC BY-SA 3.0.
1
Exercise2
Match the following words with their translations.
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student loan Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. prywatne lekcje , 2. granie na ulicy , 3. student/studentka pierwszego roku , 4. kredyt studencki , 5. czynsz , 6. praca na pół etatu part-time job Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. prywatne lekcje , 2. granie na ulicy , 3. student/studentka pierwszego roku , 4. kredyt studencki , 5. czynsz , 6. praca na pół etatu busking Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. prywatne lekcje , 2. granie na ulicy , 3. student/studentka pierwszego roku , 4. kredyt studencki , 5. czynsz , 6. praca na pół etatu private lessons Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. prywatne lekcje , 2. granie na ulicy , 3. student/studentka pierwszego roku , 4. kredyt studencki , 5. czynsz , 6. praca na pół etatu rent Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. prywatne lekcje , 2. granie na ulicy , 3. student/studentka pierwszego roku , 4. kredyt studencki , 5. czynsz , 6. praca na pół etatu freshman Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. prywatne lekcje , 2. granie na ulicy , 3. student/studentka pierwszego roku , 4. kredyt studencki , 5. czynsz , 6. praca na pół etatu
student loan Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. prywatne lekcje , 2. granie na ulicy , 3. student/studentka pierwszego roku , 4. kredyt studencki , 5. czynsz , 6. praca na pół etatu part-time job Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. prywatne lekcje , 2. granie na ulicy , 3. student/studentka pierwszego roku , 4. kredyt studencki , 5. czynsz , 6. praca na pół etatu busking Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. prywatne lekcje , 2. granie na ulicy , 3. student/studentka pierwszego roku , 4. kredyt studencki , 5. czynsz , 6. praca na pół etatu private lessons Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. prywatne lekcje , 2. granie na ulicy , 3. student/studentka pierwszego roku , 4. kredyt studencki , 5. czynsz , 6. praca na pół etatu rent Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. prywatne lekcje , 2. granie na ulicy , 3. student/studentka pierwszego roku , 4. kredyt studencki , 5. czynsz , 6. praca na pół etatu freshman Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. prywatne lekcje , 2. granie na ulicy , 3. student/studentka pierwszego roku , 4. kredyt studencki , 5. czynsz , 6. praca na pół etatu
Źródło: GroMar Sp. z o.o., licencja: CC BY-SA 3.0.
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Exercise2
Here are a few basic words and phrases connected to the ways in which a young student can finance their studies, earn or save money. Match the words to the pictures.
Here are a few basic words and phrases connected to the ways in which a young student can finance their studies, earn or save money. Match the words to the pictures.
Źródło: GroMar Sp. z o.o., licencja: CC BY-SA 3.0.
Read the text and do the exercises below.
Interview With a Freshman
TomaszWiśniewskiInterview With a Freshman
Interview With a Freshman
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Zdjęcie przedstawia młodego mężczyznę pozującego do zdjęcia na tle lasu. Ma czarne włosy i brodę oraz wąsy. Widoczne są też noszone przez niego okulary korekcyjne.
Źródło: dostępny w internecie: www.pexels.com [dostęp 16.12.2021], domena publiczna.
Dave is an exchange student in his first year at the Humanities Faculty and he is here at the Campus Park Radio to tell us about his first months as a student. He will share his tips tips [tip]tips and tricks on how to financially survive the shock of becoming a student and having to pay bills!
Q: It’s a pleasure to have you, Dave! Can you please tell us about yourself?
A: Hi, I’m Dave Murdy, and I’ve been a freshmanfreshmanfreshman here at the University. It’s a bit of a shock to realise you need to start thinking about money after you graduate. Normally, you are used to having your parents take care of those things. My parents have never been well‑offwell‑offwell‑off. I mean, don’t get me wrong, they both earn a decentdecentdecent salary, but I don’t want to rely on their support all the time! I had to find a way to make ends meetmake ends meet (idiom)make ends meet with what was availableavailableavailable.
Q: Can you share some advice with our listeners?
A: Well, you can encounterencounterencounter some hardshipshardshipshardships at first, but it’s manageablemanageablemanageable! There are ways to fund your tuitiontuitiontuition and the day‑to‑day spendings. In some countries, you can get a student loanstudent loanstudent loan but, unfortunately, not here. There are also scholarshipsscholarshipscholarships, but you have to be eligibleeligibleeligible for one and, generally, have great grades. Oh, you can try buskingbusking [busk]busking, too! I have a friend who is a student at the Music Faculty. She’s not so well‑to‑dowell‑to‑dowell‑to‑do either. She earns extra moneyextra moneyextra money that way and she says she enjoys it a lot. Although you have to see if there aren’t any regulations against it where you live, otherwise you might get finedfinedfined. Apart from those, you might also want to have a look at your student unionstudent unionstudent union or the cafés near the university or on the actual campuscampuscampus — they always look for employees and are pretty flexibleflexibleflexible when it comes to availabilityavailabilityavailability. I talked to the university cafeteria manager and they offered me a part‑time job so, now, I have a relatively steadysteadysteadyincomeincomeincome working shiftsshifts, [shift]shifts and studying at the same time. I sometimes become depriveddepriveddeprived of sleep, but I would be in trouble if it wasn’t for this job!
A: I mean, it’s obviously not a life of luxurylife of luxurylife of luxury, but I do get by. Thanks to the job, I get a basic wagewagewage which covers my rentrentrent and food expenses in addition to the support from my parents. There’s not a lot of disposable incomedisposable incomedisposable income after you deduct taxesdeduct taxesdeduct taxes, but it’s enough to go out with friends once or twice a month or go to the cinema. I’m not impoverishedimpoverishedimpoverished, if this is what you’re asking! If I was, I would tell you!
Q: I’m sure it must be pretty difficult at first!
A: Actually, it’s not too bad. There are a lot of people living in developing countries whose lives can be quite destitutedestitutedestitute in comparison. Many children in rural India, Africa or Brazil are a lot worse offworse offworse off. Some of them are completely pennilesspennilesspenniless and live a life of povertypovertypoverty. I think I am lucky to live in an affluent societyaffluent societyaffluent society. We might say that we live in times of prosperityprosperityprosperity. Living on the breadlineon the breadlineon the breadline is a serious problem of the globalised world. I consider myself to be lucky. If I was rich, I would give to charitycharitycharity and support people in need as much as possible!
1 Źródło: TomaszWiśniewski, licencja: CC BY-SA 3.0.
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Exercise3
Match the following words with their closest meaning. Choose the correct answer. There is only one correct answer in each point.
tips
a) advice
b) pens
c) fees
freshman
a) a breath mint
b) first-year student
c) soap
salary
a) celery
b) salad
c) wage
make ends meet
a) afford
b) socialise
c) finish
hardships
a) battleships
b) spaceships
c) difficulties
tuition
a) medical bills
b) food costs
c) university bills
flexible
a) adaptable
b) affordable
c) expensive
work shifts
a) keyboard keys
b) work times
c) big boats
charity
a) scale
b) help
c) withdrawal
penniless
a) flawless
b) poor
c) homeless
Match the following words with their closest meaning. Choose the correct answer. There is only one correct answer in each point.
tips
a) advice
b) pens
c) fees
freshman
a) a breath mint
b) first-year student
c) soap
salary
a) celery
b) salad
c) wage
make ends meet
a) afford
b) socialise
c) finish
hardships
a) battleships
b) spaceships
c) difficulties
tuition
a) medical bills
b) food costs
c) university bills
flexible
a) adaptable
b) affordable
c) expensive
work shifts
a) keyboard keys
b) work times
c) big boats
charity
a) scale
b) help
c) withdrawal
penniless
a) flawless
b) poor
c) homeless
Źródło: GroMar Sp. z o.o., licencja: CC BY-SA 3.0.
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Exercise4
Read the text and decide if the statements (1-10) are true (T) or false (F).
Read the text and decide if the statements (1-10) are true (T) or false (F).
Źródło: GroMar Sp. z o.o., licencja: CC BY-SA 3.0.
GRAMATYKA
GRAMATYKA
Second conditional
Drugi okres warunkowy, czylisecond conditional, służy do tworzenia zdań, w których wyobrażamy sobie, „co by było gdyby…”, czyli po prostu tworzymy scenariusze, które są nierealne, hipotetyczne lub wyobrażone – mają małe szanse, żeby się spełnić.
Przykład:
If I won the lottery, I would travel around the world. – Gdybym wygrał/wygrała w totolotka, wybrałbym/wybrałabym się w podróż dookoła świata.
Jak widzisz, jest to dosyć nieintuicyjny dla naszego języka sposób mówienia o marzeniach. Mówimy o ewentualnym czasie w nieokreślonej przyszłości, a używamy czasu przeszłego! Dziwne, prawda? W języku polskim działa to inaczej: dwa razy używamy w zdaniu -bym lub -by (na przykład: gdybym więcej się uczyła, byłabym mądrzejsza) i przez to trudno jest nam się przyzwyczaić do innego sposobu układania zdań. Pamiętaj, że w języku angielskim nie powtarzamy would w obu częściach zdania! Jedna z nich musi zawierać czasownik w czasie przeszłym.
Zdania wsecond conditionaltworzymy za pomocą dwóchclauses, czyli części zdania.
‘If’ clause (If + past simple): warunek który musiałby się spełnić.
‘Would’ clause (would + czasownik w formiepresent simple): co by się stało, gdyby warunek się spełnił.
Kolejnośćclausesnie ma znaczenia, ale pamiętaj o przecinku, jeśli zaczynasz zdanie od‘if’ clause!
Przykłady:
If I won the lottery, I would travel around the world. –Gdybymwygrał/wygrała w totolotka, wybrałbym/wybrałabym się w podróż dookoła świata .
I would travel around the world if I won the lottery. – Wybrałbym/Wybrałabym się w podróż dookoła świata, gdybymwygrał/wygrała w totolotka .
Pamiętaj też, że czasownikto benajczęściej występuje w drugim okresie warunkowym w formie were, szczególnie w języku formalnym.
Przykład:
If Marge were taller, she would be able to reach that shelf. - Gdyby Marge była wyższa, to mogłaby dosięgnąć tej półki.
Exercise5
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Spróbuj przestawić części zdania i przecinki i zobacz, jak to działa: 1.1. I would travel around the world, 2. Mark would build a house himself, 3. if he knew how, 4. If I won the lottery, 5. , 1. I would travel around the world, 2. Mark would build a house himself, 3. if he knew how, 4. If I won the lottery, 5. , 1. I would travel around the world, 2. Mark would build a house himself, 3. if he knew how, 4. If I won the lottery, 5. ,.
2. 1. I would travel around the world, 2. Mark would build a house himself, 3. if he knew how, 4. If I won the lottery, 5. , 1. I would travel around the world, 2. Mark would build a house himself, 3. if he knew how, 4. If I won the lottery, 5. ,.
Spróbuj przestawić części zdania i przecinki i zobacz, jak to działa: 1.1. I would travel around the world, 2. Mark would build a house himself, 3. if he knew how, 4. If I won the lottery, 5. , 1. I would travel around the world, 2. Mark would build a house himself, 3. if he knew how, 4. If I won the lottery, 5. , 1. I would travel around the world, 2. Mark would build a house himself, 3. if he knew how, 4. If I won the lottery, 5. ,.
2. 1. I would travel around the world, 2. Mark would build a house himself, 3. if he knew how, 4. If I won the lottery, 5. , 1. I would travel around the world, 2. Mark would build a house himself, 3. if he knew how, 4. If I won the lottery, 5. ,.
Źródło: GroMar Sp. z o.o., licencja: CC BY-SA 3.0.
1
Exercise6
Drag the following words and put them in the correct place to form the second conditional sentences.
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Źródło: GroMar Sp. z o.o., licencja: CC BY-SA 3.0.
Exercise6
Drag the words and punctuation signs to put them in the correct order to form second conditional sentences.
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Źródło: GroMar Sp. z o.o., licencja: CC BY-SA 3.0.
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Źródło: GroMar Sp. z o.o., licencja: CC BY-SA 3.0.
Źródło: GroMar Sp. z o.o., licencja: CC BY-SA 3.0.
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Źródło: GroMar Sp. z o.o., licencja: CC BY-SA 3.0.
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Źródło: GroMar Sp. z o.o., licencja: CC BY-SA 3.0.
Exercise7
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Choose all the correct forms in the sentences below. 1. If I was were be brave, I would not be weren't wouldn’t be afraid of the upcoming exams.
2. If I study studied will study, I would pass ’d pass passed all the tests that were prescribed by my tutor.
3. I would clean "ll clean "d clean my room if I had have had had the time.
4. I wouldn’t risk will not risk would not risk such dangerous behaviours if I were was am you.
5. If I finished will finish finish my homework, I hadn't got wouldn’t get would not get in trouble.
6. I fight would fight ’d fight poverty if I had would have had had the necessary resources.
7. If I had will have had had a start-up company, it would be will be is something connected to technology.
8. I 'd done do would do my best if I will be were would be there.
9. If I were 'd be had been a supermodel, I had spent 'd spent would spend my money to set up a charity.
10. If I wouldn't have did not have hadn't had so many extracurricular activities, I would have had ’d have more time to sleep
Choose all the correct forms in the sentences below. 1. If I was were be brave, I would not be weren't wouldn’t be afraid of the upcoming exams.
2. If I study studied will study, I would pass ’d pass passed all the tests that were prescribed by my tutor.
3. I would clean "ll clean "d clean my room if I had have had had the time.
4. I wouldn’t risk will not risk would not risk such dangerous behaviours if I were was am you.
5. If I finished will finish finish my homework, I hadn't got wouldn’t get would not get in trouble.
6. I fight would fight ’d fight poverty if I had would have had had the necessary resources.
7. If I had will have had had a start-up company, it would be will be is something connected to technology.
8. I 'd done do would do my best if I will be were would be there.
9. If I were 'd be had been a supermodel, I had spent 'd spent would spend my money to set up a charity.
10. If I wouldn't have did not have hadn't had so many extracurricular activities, I would have had ’d have more time to sleep
Źródło: GroMar Sp. z o.o., licencja: CC BY-SA 3.0.
Exercise8
Imagine the following things happen to you:
You are rich.
You don’t have to work.
You can travel to any place you want.
You have thousands of dollars to spend every day.
You have an option to buy a house anywhere on the planet.
You are daydreaming about your life being different. Write a paragraph about your imagined life and what you would do if these were true. Use at least five sentences with the second conditional.
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(Uzupełnij).
Źródło: GroMar Sp. z o.o., licencja: CC BY-SA 3.0.
If I were rich…
If I didn’t have to work...
If I could travel…
If I had…
If I could...
If I were rich, I think I wouldn’t really know where to start. Perhaps if that really was true, I would buy a lot of clothes and some great things for my family and friends. If I didn’t have to work, I would probably start travelling. And, if I could travel everywhere, I’d probably start with a tropical place, like the Maldives. Furthermore, If I had thousands to spend every day, I would spend them on pleasures: good food and lots of nice things, but I wouldn’t forget about others who need help. I’d definitely support charity foundations if I had the chance. Finally, if I had a chance to buy a house anywhere, I would probably buy it in my own country, so my entire family would move in.
(students' organisation in a university or college which organises leisure activities, provides welfare services and represents students' political interests)