E-resource FORESTRY
Forest planting
1. Film in the standard version.
Film dostępny na portalu epodreczniki.pl
The film takes place in a forest. A forester informs the people planting trees how to correctly distribute roots during planting. She also explains how to make slits with a planting bar to plant one year old pine. Film rozgrywa się w lesie. Leśniczyna informuje sadzących o prawidłowym ułożeniu korzeni podczas sadzenia. Tłumaczy także, jak poprawnie wykonać szpary kosturem do sadzenia jednolatki sosny.
2. Film with subtitles.
Film dostępny na portalu epodreczniki.pl
The film takes place in a forest. A forester informs the people planting trees how to correctly distribute roots during planting. She also explains how to make slits with a planting bar to plant one year old pine. Film rozgrywa się w lesie. Leśniczyna informuje sadzących o prawidłowym ułożeniu korzeni podczas sadzenia. Tłumaczy także, jak poprawnie wykonać szpary kosturem do sadzenia jednolatki sosny.
3. Film with subtitles and pauses. Listen and repeat after the speaker.
Film dostępny na portalu epodreczniki.pl
The film takes place in a forest. A forester informs the people planting trees how to correctly distribute roots during planting. She also explains how to make slits with a planting bar to plant one year old pine. Film rozgrywa się w lesie. Leśniczyna informuje sadzących o prawidłowym ułożeniu korzeni podczas sadzenia. Tłumaczy także, jak poprawnie wykonać szpary kosturem do sadzenia jednolatki sosny.
4. Film with subtitles and narration.
Film dostępny na portalu epodreczniki.pl
The film takes place in a forest. A forester informs the people planting trees how to correctly distribute roots during planting. She also explains how to make slits with a planting bar to plant one year old pine. Film rozgrywa się w lesie. Leśniczyna informuje sadzących o prawidłowym ułożeniu korzeni podczas sadzenia. Tłumaczy także, jak poprawnie wykonać szpary kosturem do sadzenia jednolatki sosny.
After watching the film “Forest planting”, complete the sentences. Na podstawie filmu „Sadzenie lasu”, uzupełnij zdania.
tools, planting bar, root system, seedling, slit, surface, root collar, root
Today we are planting one-year old pine, have you got your ........................ and seedlings?
First, insert the ........................ into the ground, about 30 centimeters deep.
Then, widen the ........................ with the planting bar.
Then, insert the ........................ into the prepared slit.
Move the seedling ........................ closer to the vertical wall before burying it.
The ........................ should be in line with the soil surface and the roots should be straightened.
Planting a seedling with a tangled or wrapped ........................ weakens the young tree.
Lastly, brush away the soil by the root collar with your fingers and even out the .........................
After watching the film “Forest planting”, solve the crossword using the English translations of the provided words. Na podstawie filmu „Sadzenie lasu”, rozwiąż krzyżówkę wpisując angielskie tłumaczenie podanych wyrazów.
- sosna
- narzędzia
- powierzchnia
- igła
- szpara
- gleba
- sadzonki
- kostur
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Obtaining seeds from cones
Film dostępny na portalu epodreczniki.pl
The animation schematically presents the procedure of obtaining seeds from cones. Animacja w sposób schematyczny przedstawia procedurę pozyskiwania nasion z szyszek.
After watching the voice-over animation “Obtaining seeds from cones”, decide whether the sentences are true or false. Po obejrzeniu animacji z lektorem „Pozyskiwanie nasion z szyszek”, zdecyduj, czy twierdzenie jest prawdziwe, czy nie.
| Prawda | Fałsz | |
| The best seed material for forest cultivation is harvested from plus trees. | □ | □ |
| The seed stand of a plus tree is excluded from logging and its main task is the intensive production of mass. | □ | □ |
| Such a seed stand is excluded from logging and its main task is the intensive production of mass. | □ | □ |
| Cones collected from plus seed trees are gathered in a special gene bank. | □ | □ |
| In the husking mill, thanks to an air-supply system in each drawer, the cones are dried. | □ | □ |
| In the drying room, the cones are cleaned, separated from wings and frozen. | □ | □ |
| The seeds selected for sowing are defrosted and stratified. | □ | □ |
| Such seed management is a protective measure against the failure of forest growth. | □ | □ |
Preparing a nursery digger for work
Film dostępny na portalu epodreczniki.pl
The animation presents a nursery digger and lists, one by one, what needs to be done before the equipment can be used. Animacja przedstawia wyorywacz szkółkarski oraz wymienia punkt po punkcie kolejne działania niezbędne przed przystąpieniem do pracy.
The order of cultivation works in a forest nursery
The hypertext material is a fragment of an article from a trade magazine. The text shows the order of cultivation works, from sowing to the distribution of segregated seedlings on the surface.
Hipertekst jest fragmentem artykułu z czasopisma fachowego. Tekst przedstawia kolejność prac hodowlanych od siewu do wydania posegregowanych sadzonek na powierzchnię.
The nursery productionnursery production scheme of one‑year‑old and two‑year‑old seedlingsseedlings of Scots pineScots pine
In autumn or early spring, the breeding needs are determined on the basis of pedological and soil fertility expertizespedological and soil fertility expertizes. First, starter fertilizationstarter fertilization is done. If necessary, the soil is limed. Fertilization must not be combined with liming. In April, seasoned seeds are sown. Thanks to the use of the sprinkling irrigationsprinkling irrigation method, the swelling process is sped up, and, in turn, seed germination. Then, two sprayings against pathogenspathogens are done. In May, the seedlingsseedlings are monitored and sprayed against blackheartblackheart. Around May 15th, the first weedingweeding and foliage feedingfoliage feeding is done.
The last decade of June is when the first spraying against Lophodermium needle castLophodermium needle cast is done. Then, the next spraying is done after about 2‑4 weeks, and two more in August. Foliage feeding ends in September.
At the end of October, another spraying against Lophodermium needle cast is done. If autumn and the beginning of winter are warm, then the last spraying is done in December. After winter, in March of the following year, the one‑year‑old seedlings are dug out. They are sortedsorted and handed over for planting.
The remaining seedlings intended for the production of two‑year‑old seedlings are subjected to root trimming in March and April. In the middle of May, they are weeded and sprinkled according to need.
In June, foliage feeding begins. It’s done twice a month, with reduced doses, but only when no fertilizer was applied in the previous year. In the last decade of June, the first spraying against Lophodermium needle cast is done. After 2‑4 weeks the next sprayings are done, ending in October or December (at the warm beginning of winter).
The production ends with digging out the seedlings in March and April. Then, the two‑year‑old seedlings are sorted and released for planting.
On the basis of the hypertext “The order of cultivation works in a forest nursery”, connect the words into pairs. Na podstawie hipertekstu „Kolejność prac hodowlanych w szkółce leśnej”, połącz wyrazy w pary.
the seedlings, seeds, seedling, trimming, needs, production, feeding, process, spraying, irrigation
| nursery | |
| pine | |
| breeding | |
| foliage | |
| seasoned | |
| root | |
| first | |
| digging out | |
| sprinkling | |
| swelling |
Renewals and afforestation
The hypertext material is a dialogue between a forester and an intern. The text explains the differences between afforestation and renewals.
Hipertext przedstawia dialog leśniczego z praktykantką. W tekście zostają wytłumaczone różnice pomiędzy zalesieniami a odnowieniami.
Forester: Miss Agnes, we will revise the topic of renewals and afforestation today. Could you please list the differences between them?
Intern: Forest renewalForest renewal is the introduction of a new generation of forest in the place of the current tree stands. They are removed as part of planned management, salvage cuttingsalvage cutting, or as a result of natural disasters.
Forester: And afforestation?
Intern: AfforestationAfforestation is the introduction of seedlings of tree and shrub forest species to previously unused areas, or areas used for agriculture.
Forester: Very good. I would add that there is a time limit for renewal of maximum 5 years. Usually, forest vegetation returns to a given area after 2 years. And how do we obtain the young generation, generativelygeneratively or vegetatively?
Intern: Definitely generatively. Such a renewal is done by sowingsowing or plantingplanting. Vegetative renewalVegetative renewalincludes renewal from sproutssprouts from trunks or bushes, stem cuttingsstem cuttings, layerslayers, grafts, etc.
Forester: Successful renewal requires a lot of work from people and the use of the forces of nature. Therefore, we distinguish between naturalnatural and artificial renewalartificial renewal. One of them is especially valuable and close to the heart of every forester.
Intern: I know. The definition is simple and short. Natural renewal happens spontaneously, by means of natural seedingnatural seeding, or from sprouts. A mature tree stand strives to produce a young generation by releasing seeds, or a tree. This is done by, for example, spontaneous sprouting. Artificial renewal involves seed sowing or seedling planting. Human work is essential here.
Forester: I’m impressed with your knowledge. Good work.
Intern: Thank you. I’m happy that I can acquire field knowledge from you.
After familiarizing yourself with the hypertext “Renewals and afforestation”, match the Polish sentences with their translations. Po zapoznaniu się z hipertekstem „Odnowa i zalesienia”, połącz polskie zdania z ich tłumaczeniami.
Afforestation is the introduction of seedlings of tree and shrub forest species to areas previously used for agriculture or unused., Vegetative renewals result from sprouts from trunks or bushes, stem cuttings, layers, grafts, etc., A mature stand, by releasing seeds or a tree, through, for example, sprouting, spontaneously strives to produce a young generation., Artificial renewal involves seed sowing or seedling planting by humans., A young generation of the forest is obtained generatively, through sowing and planting., Renewal also includes tree stands removed as a part of salvage cutting, or as a result of natural disasters., Natural forest renewal happens spontaneously by means of natural seeding, or from sprouts., Forest renewal is the introduction of a new generation of forest in the place of the current tree stands removed as part of planned management.
| Odnowienie lasu jest to wprowadzenie nowego pokolenia lasu na miejsce dotychczasowych drzewostanów usuniętych w ramach planowanej gospodarki. | |
| Odnowienie dotyczy też drzewostanów usuniętych w ramach cięć przygodnych oraz w wyniku klęsk żywiołowych. | |
| Zalesienie to wprowadzenie sadzonek gatunków drzew i krzewów leśnych na grunty dotychczas użytkowane rolniczo lub nieużytkowane. | |
| Młode pokolenie lasu uzyskujemy generatywnie poprzez siew i sadzenie. | |
| Odnowienia wegetatywne powstają z odrośli od pni lub korzeni, zrzezów, odkładów, szczepów itp. | |
| Odnowienie naturalne lasu powstaje samorzutnie poprzez samosiew lub z odrośli. | |
| Dojrzały drzewostan wydając nasiona lub drzewo wypuszczając np. odrośla, samoistnie dąży do wydania młodego pokolenia. | |
| Odnowienia sztuczne polegają na wysiewie nasion lub wysadzeniu sadzonek przez człowieka. |
Forest care
The hypertext material is a monologue of a forester. The forester describes individual care treatments for specific growth stages of a tree stand: the types and appropriate times for a given treatment, soil care, early and late cleaning, early and late thinning.
Hipertekst jest monologiem leśniczego. Leśniczy omawia poszczególne czynności pielęgnacyjne dla określonych faz wzrostu drzewostanu: rodzaje i terminy, pielęgnacja gleby, czyszczenia wczesne, czyszczenia późne, trzebież wczesna i trzebież późna.
Starting from the planting of a forest, carrying on until it reaches maturity, forest careforest care is the most important and laborious activity. It covers a number of activities related to the maintenance of forest ecosystemsforest ecosystems. The purpose of all of the treatments is to grow a forest of a suitable species composition, as well as trees of high technical quality. Immediately after planting, several treatments are performed. These are: loosening the soil, destroying weeds, improving the form of the trees. When young trees grow, they undergo early cleaningearly cleaning. Early cleaning is an intermediate cut done in cultivations that are up to about 10 years old. Undesired and redundant trees, whose presence may interfere with the growth of other, more important species, are removed. All treatment remnants are left in the forest. They enrich thelitterlitterlayer with necessary nutrients. After the trees grow enough to join their treetopstreetops, late cleaninglate cleaningcan be done. This process takes place in sapling standssapling stands between the age of 10 and 20 years. Trees that are defective, redundant, or which exhibit disease symptoms, are removed. This process thins out the excessively thick parts of the forest. In the tree stands that are about 21‑40 years old, early thinningearly thinningis introduced. It’s a cut aiming at securing the most valuable trees. It’s done by supporting the highest quality trees and removing the harmful ones. Intermediate cuttingIntermediate cutting done in the stands at the age of 41 - 90 years is called late thinninglate thinning. The aim of this treatment is to shorten the time that the trees need to reach cutting maturitycutting maturityby intensifying the growth rate. This is achieved as a result of the so‑called forest thinningforest thinning. This way, much more light is delivered to the soil. In addition, it prepares the tree stands for renewal.
On the basis of the hypertext “Forest care”, decide whether the sentences are true or false. Na podstawie hipertekstu „Pielęgnacja lasu”, zdecyduj, czy twierdzenie jest prawdziwe, czy nie.
| Prawda | Fałsz | |
| Starting from the planting of a forest, carrying on until it reaches maturity, forest care is the most important and the least laborious activity. | □ | □ |
| The purpose of all the intermediate treatments is to grow a forest of a suitable species composition. | □ | □ |
| When young trees grow, they undergo early cleaning. | □ | □ |
| Early cleaning is done in cultivations that are up to about 5 years old. | □ | □ |
| No treatment remnants are left in the forest. | □ | □ |
| After the trees grow enough to join their treetops, late thinning can be done. | □ | □ |
| In the tree stands that are about 21-40 years old, early thinning is introduced. | □ | □ |
| Intermediate cutting done in the stands at the age of 41 - 90 years is called late thinning. | □ | □ |
Gallery
Memory
Zasób interaktywny dostępny pod adresem https://zpe.gov.pl/a/DH9DeDyfl
Dictionary
zalesienie
odnowienie sztuczne
grzęda
zgorzel
kwitnienie
przycinacz gałęzi
zasypać
karabinki
włazy
szyszka
dojrzałość rębna
głębokość
wyorywacz
kopanie
suszarnia
czyszczenie wczesne
trzebież wczesna
opadać
pęczek
nawożenie dolistne
pielęgnacja lasu
ekosystem leśny
nadleśnictwo
odnowienie lasu
prześwietlenie lasu
przekładnia zębata
bank genów
odnowienie generatywne
kotwiczka
wyrastać
przyrost
zwisający
wyłuszczarnia
cięcie pielęgnacyjne
wał przegubowo‑teleskopowy
nosidełko
pętla
drabina
czyszczenie późne
trzebież późna
odkład
linia asekuracyjna
podnośnik
ściółka
osutka sosny
mocowane osłon
odnowienie naturalne
samosiew
igły
produkcja szkółkarska
szkółka
poziom oleju
patogen
ekspertyza gleboznawczo‑nawożeniowa
ulistnienie
sosna
sadzić
sadzenie
kostur
drzewo doborowe
trujący
wał odbioru mocy
kłujący
sekator
odnowienie
szyjka korzeniowa
system korzeniowy
cięcia przygodne
młodnik
sosna pospolita
połączenia skręcane
drzewostan nasienny
sadzonki, siewki
ruszt wytrząsający
gonny
szpara
gleba, ziemia
sortowanie
siew
deszczowanie
odrośl
nawożenie startowe
zrzez
koło podpierające
powierzchnia
narzędzia
ciągnik
korona drzewa
korona drzew
odnowienie wegetatywne
pielenie
obradzanie