E-resource FORESTRY
Skidding with a forwarder
1. Film in the standard version.
Film dostępny na portalu epodreczniki.pl
The forester explains to an intern what skidding with a forwarder looks like. The intern finds out about the capacity of the machine and the effectiveness of skidding with a forwarder. They also mention the advantages of forwarding. Leśniczy tłumaczy praktykantce, jak wygląda zrywka drewna stosowego przy użyciu forwardera. Leśniczy wyjaśnia zasady bezpieczeństwa, które należy zachować podczas pracy tej maszyny. Praktykantka pyta o wydajność maszyny, zasady układania zerwanego drewna, sposób wywózki itp.
2. Film with subtitles.
Film dostępny na portalu epodreczniki.pl
The forester explains to an intern what skidding with a forwarder looks like. The intern finds out about the capacity of the machine and the effectiveness of skidding with a forwarder. They also mention the advantages of forwarding. Leśniczy tłumaczy praktykantce, jak wygląda zrywka drewna stosowego przy użyciu forwardera. Leśniczy wyjaśnia zasady bezpieczeństwa, które należy zachować podczas pracy tej maszyny. Praktykantka pyta o wydajność maszyny, zasady układania zerwanego drewna, sposób wywózki itp.
3. Film with subtitles and pauses. Listen and repeat after the speaker.
Film dostępny na portalu epodreczniki.pl
The forester explains to an intern what skidding with a forwarder looks like. The intern finds out about the capacity of the machine and the effectiveness of skidding with a forwarder. They also mention the advantages of forwarding. Leśniczy tłumaczy praktykantce, jak wygląda zrywka drewna stosowego przy użyciu forwardera. Leśniczy wyjaśnia zasady bezpieczeństwa, które należy zachować podczas pracy tej maszyny. Praktykantka pyta o wydajność maszyny, zasady układania zerwanego drewna, sposób wywózki itp.
4. Film with subtitles and narration.
Film dostępny na portalu epodreczniki.pl
The forester explains to an intern what skidding with a forwarder looks like. The intern finds out about the capacity of the machine and the effectiveness of skidding with a forwarder. They also mention the advantages of forwarding. Leśniczy tłumaczy praktykantce, jak wygląda zrywka drewna stosowego przy użyciu forwardera. Leśniczy wyjaśnia zasady bezpieczeństwa, które należy zachować podczas pracy tej maszyny. Praktykantka pyta o wydajność maszyny, zasady układania zerwanego drewna, sposób wywózki itp.
After watching the film “Skidding with a forwarder”, complete the sentences. Po obejrzeniu filmu „Zrywka forwarderem”, uzupełnij zdania.
wood, efficiency, sawyers, skidder, carrying capacity, stock survey, operator, forwarding
A forwarder type .................................. is working in the area today.
We use it for ...................................
The .................................. have cut down the designated beech trees in the whole area and have manipulated out the pulpwood.
From the .................................. , we know that the designated trees yield the mass of about 100 cubic meters.
This kind of skidding is safe because the .................................. is in the cabin and drives on prepared skid trails.
One cubic meter of .................................. weighs about 750 kilograms.
The machine has the .................................. of 11 000 kilograms.
The advantages of forwarding are work safety, .................................. and quickness.
On the basis of the film “Skidding with a forwarder”, solve the crossword using the English translations of the provided words. Na podstawie filmu „Zrywka forwarderem”, rozwiąż krzyżówkę wpisując angielskie tłumaczenia podanych wyrazów.
- masa
- kora
- zrywka
- gleba
- operator
- papierówka
- ściółka
- maszyna
- zaleta
- buk
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Skidding trail systems
Film dostępny na portalu epodreczniki.pl
The animation presents the basic systems of skidding trails. Animacja przedstawia podstawowe systemy szlaków zrywkowych.
After watching the voice-over animation “Skidding trail systems”, decide whether the sentences are true or false. Po obejrzeniu animacji z lektorem „Systemy szlaków zrywkowych”, zdecyduj, czy twierdzenie jest prawdziwe, czy nie.
| Prawda | Fałsz | |
| A skidding trail is cut out from the tree stand and enables to transport wood from the stump to the stack, in other words, to a depot near the felling site. | □ | □ |
| The main technical element of the trails is their length. | □ | □ |
| A system of trails perpendicular to the exit route is characterized by arranging depots at the end of each trail. | □ | □ |
| The ‘herringbone’ system of skidding trails is characterized by a layout in which the regular trails reach the depots directly. | □ | □ |
| The soil on the collective path is strongly beaten, as a result of which the roots of trees by the trail are damaged. | □ | □ |
| A system of trails at a 45 degree angle to the exit route is similar to the ‘herringbone’ system, but has one big depot. | □ | □ |
| A system of skidding trails that are part of the natural topography has a practical application on large flat surfaces, where other systems are useless. | □ | □ |
| The element that limits the layout of the trail are elongated slopes and cross falls. | □ | □ |
Types of wood depots
Film dostępny na portalu epodreczniki.pl
The animation presents the different types of wood depots together with their short descriptions. Materiał prezentuje różne rodzaje składnic drewna, wraz z krótkim ich opisem.
Types of skidding
The hypertext material is a part of a training course dedicated to recognizing types of skidding. It provides information on the types of equipment and techniques used in skidding.
Hipertekst jest fragmentem szkolenia w zakresie rozpoznania rodzajów zrywki. Informuje o rodzajach sprzętu i technikach używanych do wykonania zrywki.
Ladies and gentleman, I will tell you about wood skidding today.
It’s a form of round wood transport from the harvestingharvesting ** place (from the stump) to the place of loadingloading, storingstoring, initial processingprocessing, etc. In simple words, it’s “extracting”, pulling out the wood from the depths of the forest to the exit route. From that route, the wood is transported to the recipient.
On the basis of transportation methods, skiddingskiddingis divided into:
1. ground skiddingground skidding, where almost the entire length of the skidded tree touches the ground (litterlitter);
2. skiddingskidding, where usually thebutt logbutt log is raised up, and the top is dragged on the ground. Skidding can be done using special tractors that use a system of rope winches or with hydraulic grappleshydraulic grapples. For example, a LKT 81 tractor pulls the wood towards itself. Then, it leans the wood against a lowered plate using the choker cable winching method. A Klembank tractor, on the other hand, grapples the tree using hydraulic grapples and lifts it in a way that only the thinner ends touch the ground;
3. suspended skiddingsuspended skidding, where the tree has no contact with the***soil.******soil.*** In this skidding system, ropeways are used. It’s a system of poles and ropes above the ground. The skidded pieces are placed into a cart and a hoisting winchhoisting winch transports the wood to the storing place. Those systems are ideal for mountain areas that are hard to reach. This is how their efficiency is proved. As a curiosity, we should mention helicopter skidding which is done in the USA or in Canada;
4. forwardingforwarding, where the wood is loaded onto a forwarder. The wood has no contact with the ground. This limits the damage to soilm7456a0d0b7581645_1497279787842_0surface only to damages caused by tractor wheels (beating down the ground).
Based on the hypertext “Types of skidding”, connect the words into pairs. Na podstawie hipertekstu “Rodzaje zrywki”, połącz wyrazy w pary.
place, tractor, areas, route, of poles, grapples, processing, transport, skidding, plate
| wood | |
| initial | |
| harvesting | |
| exit | |
| suspended | |
| hydraulic | |
| lowered | |
| system | |
| mountain | |
| forwarder |
Rules of establishing skidding trails for multifunctional machines
A forester explains the procedures of establishing skidding trails. The forester determines the width of the trail for a specific machine. Its route and the distance between them in the tree stands is also determined. The forester indicates the places to store the extracted assortments.
Leśniczy wyjaśnia procedury zakładania szlaków zrywkowych. Określa szerokość szlaku dla określonej maszyny. Ustala jego przebieg i odległości między nimi w drzewostanie. Wskazuje miejsca złożenia zerwanych sortymentów.
Skidding trailsSkidding trails for multifunctional machines are established in tree stands in two ways. On flat surfaces without natural renewals, the networknetwork of trails is regular and connected to roads at an angle of 30‑45 degrees. This facilitates the departure from the site. The width of the trails is adjusted to the dimensions of the multifunctional machines. The distances between the trails equal the reach of the hydraulic armreach of the hydraulic arm, for example, a 12 m reachreach of the machine means a 24 meter distance between trails.
The main rule is to have such a number of trails that after they are mapped and cut out, they don’t weaken the treetoptreetop cover and lower the resistance to wind.
Sloping terrains with a natural renewalrenewal require the use of irregular trails. They must be adapted to the prevailing field conditions and they must guarantee the protectionprotection of the young generation. Often in such cases, it’s necessary to use the method of combined fellingcombined felling. This means that, where the trails allow for it, the felling is done with a machine. When the trails are outside the reach of the machine, chainsaws are used.
In each forest inspectorate, it’s the chief forester who issues the directivedirective concerned with skidding. This is done in accordance with the directive of the general director of the National Forests. The directive lists the rules of mapping areas for multifunctional machine work and the rules of granting access to such areas.
Skidding trails, depotsdepotsand networks of exit routes create a transportation network. It grants access to tree stands to be harvested for wood all year long. This results from the fact that the machines can work, for example, when the snow cover is thick.
Skidding trails and the mechanization of skidding, especially using forwarders, increases work safetywork safety and capacitycapacity.
After familiarizing yourself with the hypertext “Rules of establishing skidding trails for multifunctional machines”, match the Polish sentences with their translations. Po zapoznaniu się z hipertekstem „Zasady zakładania szlaków zrywkowych dla maszyn wielooperacyjnych”, połącz polskie zdania z ich tłumaczeniami.
The directive determines the rules of mapping areas for multifunctional machine work and the rules of granting access to such areas., In each forest inspectorate, it’s the chief forester who issues the directive concerned with skidding., Often in such cases, it’s necessary to use the method of combined felling., The mechanization of skidding, especially using forwarders, increases work safety and capacity., Skidding trails, depots and networks of exit routes create a transportation network., Skidding trails for multifunctional machines are established in tree stands in two ways., The distances between the trails equal the reach of the hydraulic arm., They must be adapted to the prevailing field conditions and they must guarantee the protection of the young generation., Sloping terrains with a natural renewal require the use of irregular trails., On flat surfaces without natural renewals, the network of trails is regular and connected to roads at the angle of 30-45 degrees.
| Szlaki zrywkowe dla maszyn wielooperacyjnych zakładamy w drzewostanach w dwojaki sposób. | |
| Na powierzchniach płaskich, bez odnowień naturalnych, siatka szlaków jest regularna i łączy się z drogami pod kątem 30-45 stopni. | |
| Odległość pomiędzy szlakami odpowiada wysięgowi ramienia hydraulicznego. | |
| Powierzchnie lekko pagórkowate z odnowieniem naturalnym wymuszają stosowanie szlaków nieregularnych. | |
| Muszą być dostosowane do panujących warunków terenowych oraz gwarantować ochronę młodego pokolenia. | |
| Często w takich przypadkach konieczne staje się stosowanie metody kombinowanej ścinki. | |
| W każdym nadleśnictwie to nadleśniczy wydaje własne zarządzenie dotyczące zrywki. | |
| W zarządzeniu określone są zasady wyznaczania i udostępniania powierzchni do pracy maszynami wielooperacyjnymi. | |
| Szlaki zrywkowe, składnice i sieć dróg wywozowych tworzą sieć komunikacyjną. | |
| Mechanizacja zrywki, szczególnie z użyciem środków nasiębiernych, poprawia wydajność i bezpieczeństwo pracy. |
Types of machines and devices used for skidding
The hypertext material is a dialogue between a forester and an intern. The forester discusses various types of machines and devices that can be used in different field conditions. The forester also talks about the specificity of skidding depending on the conditions, for example, horse skidding in the mountains.
Hipertekst jest dialogiem między leśniczym a praktykantką. Leśniczy przedstawia rodzaje maszyn i urządzeń, które można wykorzystać w różnych warunkach terenowych. Jednocześnie przybliża specyfikę zrywki w zależności od warunków, np. zrywka konna w górach.
Forester: Today, I will tell you about a few types of skidding machines and devices. We use them for skiddingskidding in my forestry.
Intern: How do those machines work?
Forester: You will see in a minute because we are going to the felling sitefelling site where large‑sized pinewood is being skidded. We use tractors with a skidding‑bunching device for that.
Intern: Is that an effective method of skidding on a clear felling site?
Forester: Yes. After approaching the unit of wood, the operator lowers the bearing platebearing plate and embraces the unit with pliers. After the unit is lifted, the crimping plierscrimping pliers clamp on the unit and skidding to the place of bunchingbunching begins.
Intern: Will we see the beech tree stand now?
Forester: Yes, here the sawmill wood is skidded using an LKT 81 skidder. It’s a specialized tractor for work in difficultdifficultterrain.
Intern: This machine must work really well in clay soil with bumpsbumps.
Forester: That’s right. The mounted hoisting wincheshoisting winches allow to drag a few pieces of wood to the bearing plate. After the plate is lifted, thesuspendedsuspended wood is skidded into a bunchbunch. After the pieces are detached, the tractor bunches the wood using a hydraulic buncher.
Intern: Will I be able to see a forwarder in your forestry?
Forester: Yes. In a moment, we will go to the site where a forwarder is forwarding birch pulpwood. The operator, using a hydraulic gripping devicegripping device, is loading the pulpwood between the stakesstakes of the loading area. It’s a typical example of forwardingforwarding.
Intern: And do horses still work in the forest?
Forester: I have one such division where an experienced skidderskidder and two of his horses are carrying out the skidding. Horse skidding is used in mountain areas. Here, it’s a rare view. Horses are indispensable in places where the terrain is too difficult for machines. Maybe it’s not an efficient method, but theinterferenceinterference with the environment is minimal. And it still is the most ecological method .
After familiarizing yourself with the hypertext “Types of machines and devices used for skidding”, decide whether the sentences are true or false. Po zapoznaniu się z hipertekstem „Rodzaje maszyn i urządzeń wykorzystywanych do zrywki”, zdecyduj, czy twierdzenie jest prawdziwe, czy nie.
| Prawda | Fałsz | |
| Skidding machines and devices are used for skidding on farming land. | □ | □ |
| Pine sawmill wood isn’t skidded with a tractor with a skidding-bunching device. | □ | □ |
| After approaching a unit of wood, the operator lowers the bearing plate and embraces the unit with pliers. | □ | □ |
| After the unit is lifted, the pliers clamp on the unit and skidding to the place of bunching begins. | □ | □ |
| An LKT 81 skidder is a specialized tractor for work in easy terrain. | □ | □ |
| An LKT 81 skidder works really well in clay soil without bumps. | □ | □ |
| The mounted hoisting winches allow to drag a few pieces of wood to the bearing plate. | □ | □ |
| After the plate is lifted, the suspended wood is skidded into a bunch. | □ | □ |
Gallery
Type a word
Zasób interaktywny dostępny pod adresem https://zpe.gov.pl/a/DCSLsLO92
Dictionary
asortyment
kora
płyta oporowa
ubity
buk
obłamanie gałęzi, złamane
nierówności
mygła
mygłowanie
odziomek
wydajność
ładowność
odbiór
ścinka kombinowana
koncentracja
kleszcze zaciskające
spadek poprzeczny
ścinać
głębokie koleiny
składnica
trudny
zarządzenie
naruszenie systemu korzeniowego
kabina
spadek podłużny
zrąb
ściółka leśna
forwarder
nasiębierny
zrywka nasiębierna
chwytak
zrywka wleczona
pozyskanie
przegubowa rama
wciągarka
kleszcze hydrauliczne
ingerować
krajobraz
plamy wyciekającego oleju
ściółka
załadunek
dłużyca
manipulować
manipulacja
masa
przyzrębowy
siatka
operator
zdzieranie
obsadzić
obróbka
ochrona
papierówka
zasięg
wysięg ramienia
odnowienie
odarcie kory
pilarz
spedycja
maszyna zrywkowa, zrywkacz
zrywka, zrywka półpowieszona
szlak zrywkowy
gleba
stos
kłonica
szacunki brakarskie
magazynowanie, składowanie
półpodwieszony
zrywka podwieszona
pochylone drzewo
ciągnik
transport
uszkodzenia korony
korona
bezpieczeństwo pracy