E-resource FORESTRY
Assortments of wood
1. Film in the standard version.
Film dostępny na portalu epodreczniki.pl
A client comes to the forester. She wants to know what kind of wood she can buy. The forester asks about the details of the order to recommend the appropriate assortment of wood to the client. Do leśniczego zgłasza się klientka. Chce dowiedzieć się, jakie drewno może zakupić. Leśniczy dopytuje o szczegóły związane z zamówieniem, w celu optymalnego doboru sortymentu.
2. Film with subtitles.
Film dostępny na portalu epodreczniki.pl
A client comes to the forester. She wants to know what kind of wood she can buy. The forester asks about the details of the order to recommend the appropriate assortment of wood to the client. Do leśniczego zgłasza się klientka. Chce dowiedzieć się, jakie drewno może zakupić. Leśniczy dopytuje o szczegóły związane z zamówieniem, w celu optymalnego doboru sortymentu.
3. Film with subtitles and pauses. Listen and repeat after the speaker.
Film dostępny na portalu epodreczniki.pl
A client comes to the forester. She wants to know what kind of wood she can buy. The forester asks about the details of the order to recommend the appropriate assortment of wood to the client. Do leśniczego zgłasza się klientka. Chce dowiedzieć się, jakie drewno może zakupić. Leśniczy dopytuje o szczegóły związane z zamówieniem, w celu optymalnego doboru sortymentu.
4. Film with subtitles and narration.
Film dostępny na portalu epodreczniki.pl
A client comes to the forester. She wants to know what kind of wood she can buy. The forester asks about the details of the order to recommend the appropriate assortment of wood to the client. Do leśniczego zgłasza się klientka. Chce dowiedzieć się, jakie drewno może zakupić. Leśniczy dopytuje o szczegóły związane z zamówieniem, w celu optymalnego doboru sortymentu.
On the basis of the film “Assortments of wood”, complete the sentences. Uzupełnij zdania na podstawie filmu „Sortymentacja drewna”.
beams, stock issue confirmation, fence, pine poles, assortment, butt, plot, wood
Good morning, I would like to buy .................................................
What ................................................ do you have in mind?
I am going to fix the ................................................ of my paddock.
You should choose ................................................ of third thickness class.
From the bottom part, the so-called ................................................ log, you will have posts.
The remainder of the poles, after being cut in half, will serve as ................................................ to fix the fence.
A ................................................ is a document that confirms the purchase of the wood.
The wood can be taken directly from the .................................................
On the basis of the film “Assortments of wood”, solve the crossword using the English translations of the provided words. Na podstawie filmu „Sortymentacja drewna”, rozwiąż krzyżówkę wpisując angielskie tłumaczenie podanych wyrazów.
- wybieg dla koni
- grubość
- słupek
- drewno
- zakup
- powierzchnia
- poprzeczka
- płot
- sosna
- dokumenty
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Use and maintenance operations after using a petrol chainsaw
Film dostępny na portalu epodreczniki.pl
The animation presents the basic maintenance operations after using a petrol chainsaw. Animacja przedstawia podstawowe czynności konserwacyjne po użyciu pilarki spalinowej.
After watching the voice-over animation “Use and maintenance operations after using a petrol chainsaw”, decide whether the sentences are true or false. Po obejrzeniu animacji z lektorem „Czynności obsługowe i konserwacyjne po użyciu pilarki spalinowej”, zdecyduj, czy twierdzenie jest prawdziwe, czy nie.
| Prawda | Fałsz | |
| Before you carry out the maintenance of a chainsaw, make sure the engine is turned off. | □ | □ |
| Connect the spark plug butt in order to avoid an unintentional start-up. | □ | □ |
| Dust and sawdust on the surface of the filter need to be removed by beating the filter against a hard surface. | □ | □ |
| If you’re cleaning the filter using compressed air, blow in the direction from the outside to the inside. | □ | □ |
| Dismount the guide, clean the guide ridge and the opening of the oil duct of dust and chips. | □ | □ |
| Oil the tip of the spark plug using a grease fitting and an appropriate grease. | □ | □ |
| A well-working clutch ensures that the saw chain moves on the guide in the idle speed. | □ | □ |
| After the engine is running on a high-speed fluently, the clutch transfers the power from the engine to the saw chain. | □ | □ |
Collecting stacked wood
Film dostępny na portalu epodreczniki.pl
The animation presents two ways of collecting wood. Film przedstawia odbiór drewna na dwa sposoby.
Harvesting wood using a chainsaw
The hypertext material is an email from a forester to the owner of a forest service company. The forester informs the company how to carry out an early thinning in a mixed‑species tree stand.
Hipertekst jest e‑mailem leśniczego do właściciela ZUL. Leśniczy informuje ZUL, jak wykonać trzebież wczesną w drzewostanie wielogatunkowym.
Dear Mr. Bell,
Tomorrow we are starting a II age class thinningthinning in district 234 c of the Kokoszki forestry. The handling areahandling area **of the treatment is 7.40 ha. The tree stand consists mostly of pine, spruce, larch, and, in the south‑east area, of oak, alder and birch. The deciduous part is moist and skiddingskidding will be difficult there. The assortmentassortment to be harvested is mostly 2.5 linear meters ofpulpwoodpulpwoodS2a. Only from the larch and oak clusters will we be able to obtain 1.2 linear meters of short pulpwood S2b with a selection. First, we will remove wind snapswind snaps, wind throwswind throws and deadwooddeadwood, and we will cut down the trees on the designated skidding trailsskidding trails. We will divide the area into working plots for individual cutting teams. I have marked the trees to be cut downcut down with paint. The mass to be harvested is about 260 m3. Please, pay attention to those parts of the tree stands where spruce, larch and pine grow. The distance of the skidding to the road is about 200 m. Please remember about using ground beamsusing ground beams and pegs on the stacks to be collected. We don’t lean the stacks against trees. Short pulpwood, oak and larch are skidded and transported to district 234 d. Please manipulate firewoodfirewood out of the wind snaps and wind throws, unless it will be possible to manipulate 2.5 linear meters of pulpwood S2a. Around the marsh, we will leave an alder‑spruce curtain, the thinning will be weaker there. As you know, we won’t use the mini‑harvester for felling. Because of the topography and the humidity of the area, we will have to limit the pressure on the ground, and the number of vehicles to the bare minimum. After yesterday’s cloudburst the area is even more soggy. Therefore, please build two makeshift crossingscrossings across the ditches. We need to use deadwood rolls which will accelerate the skidding.
In case of any questions, please contact me.
Best regards,
P.K .
On the basis of the hypertext “Harvesting wood using a chainsaw”, connect the words into pairs. Na podstawie hipertekstu „Pozyskanie drewna przy użyciu pilarki”, połącz wyrazy w pary.
class, wind snaps, ground beams, rolls, pulpwood, plots, trail, crossings, area, skidding
| handling | |
| age | |
| difficult | |
| short | |
| remove | |
| skidding | |
| working | |
| using | |
| makeshift | |
| deadwood |
Harvesting wood using a harvester
The hypertext material is an article from a specialist newspaper. It includes the description, place and mode of use of harvesters. It lists the potential contraindications and threats concerned with using the machines.
Hipertekst jest artykułem w gazecie specjalistycznej. Zawiera opis harvesterów, miejsca i tryb ich zastosowania. Wymienia przeciwwskazania i zagrożenia.
Annually, a wood volumewood volume determined on the basis of forest management plansforest management plans **is obtained.
Harvesting wood with the use of chainsawschainsaws **is a dangerous and not very efficient process. As a result, harvesting with the use of multifunctional machinesmultifunctional machines is gaining on popularity. Such machines give the opportunity to carry out multiple operations by a single operator. Harvesters belong to this group of machines. They can be used for fellingfelling, limbinglimbing and buckingbucking.
The work area needs to be flat, with a small number of ditches and wetlands. A network of operating routes is necessary and their areas should be grouped into mini aggregates. Clear cuttingClear cutting and thinningthinning areas of the III and IV age class are the ideal work environment. But mini‑harvesters can also be seen during operations in the II age class. Harvesters leave behind stubsstubs, cut logscut logs,logslogs, and sometimes long logslong logs in the felling site. Harvesters are best used for work in coniferous tree stands and alder tree stands, sometimes also in birch tree stands.
The decision to use multifunctional machines requires the consideration of many economic calculation elements. Such elements include equipment transport means, customer services, the guarantee of operator mobility and supervision in the field during the waiting time.
Introducing multifunctional machines creates a series of threatsthreatsto the forest environment. The mechanization improves work safety and the comfort of people, but failure of the hydraulic system is always a heavy burden for the forest environment.
Additionally, trees can be damageddamaged in the work area of the machines. However, most importantly, economic calculations leave no place for doubt: the efficiency of harvesters in clear cuttings is so great that even at high operating costs their work is profitable.
After familiarizing yourself with the hypertext “Harvesting wood using a harvester”, match the Polish sentences with their translations. Po zapoznaniu się z hipertekstem „Pozyskanie drewna przy użyciu harwestera”, połącz polskie zdania z ich tłumaczeniami.
Harvesting wood with the use of chainsaws is a dangerous and not very efficient process., A harvester leaves behind stubs, cut logs, logs, and sometimes long logs in the felling site., An ideal work environment are clear cuttings and thinning areas of the III and IV age class., Harvesters, which can carry out felling, limbing and bucking, belong to such machines., Introducing multifunctional machines creates a series of threats in the forest environment., Additionally, trees can be damaged in the work area of the machines., Annually, a wood volume determined on the basis of forest management plans is obtained., As a result, harvesting with the use of multifunctional machines is gaining on popularity.
| Rokrocznie pozyskuje się określoną miąższość drewna określaną na podstawie planów urządzania lasu. | |
| Pozyskanie drewna za pomocą pilarek jest procesem niebezpiecznym i niezbyt wydajnym. | |
| Z tego powodu wzrasta pozyskiwanie za pomocą maszyn wielooperacyjnych. | |
| Do takich maszyn należą harwestery, które wykonują wycinkę, okrzesywanie i przerzynkę. | |
| Idealnym środowiskiem pracy są powierzchnie zrębowe oraz trzebieżowe III i IV klasy wieku. | |
| Harwester pozostawia po sobie na zrębie wałki, wyrzynki, kłody oraz niekiedy dłużyce. | |
| Wprowadzenie maszyn wielooperacyjnych generuje szereg zagrożeń w środowisku leśnym. | |
| Dochodzi też do uszkodzeń drzew w miejscu pracy maszyn. |
The technique of felling a sawmill tree
The hypertext material is part of a safety lecture. A forester reminds a sawyer about the correct way of preparing a felling area around a tree.
Hipertekst jest fragmentem instruktażu. Leśniczy przypomina pilarzowi jak we właściwy sposób przygotować miejsce ścinki wokół drzewa.
Today, we will revise the techniques of fellingfelling a sawmill treesawmill tree because routine and rush are our greatest enemies at work.
First, let’s check the clothing. A sawyersawyer’s attire, which serves as personal protective equipment, consists of earear and eye protectioneye protection, a high‑visibility shirt, pants with a cut‑retardant inlay, shoes and gloves.
Now, the felling area. We have to stand next to the tree and decide in which direction we want to fell it. Select a point in the area that will serve as an orientation point. Clean the area around the tree of the understorey and remove branches and other obstacles. A well‑prepared felling area has two escape routesescape routes free of obstacles. Routes that run at an angle to the felling direction need to be left on both sides of the tree. It allows to retreat to a safe distance.
Then, we start the felling. When felling a tree, first, we need to make a face notchface notch, which will dictate the felling direction. The notchnotch needs to be made downwards at the angle of 60 degrees. The cut needs to be made at the cutting depth of ¼ of the tree’s diameterdiameter. Then, you need to make a horizontal cut so that the two cuts meet. Such a triangle is cut out. On the opposite side of the tree, we make a horizontal back cutback cut, slightly below the horizontal cut. Cut until you are able to insert the cant hookcant hook. It’s important to stop cutting before you reach the face notch, leaving a so‑called hinge. The hingehinge controls the felling direction. Its thickness should equal 10% of the tree’s diameter, and no less than 2 cm. Remove the guideguide of the chainsaw and press the cant hook until the tree starts to fall down. The lever of the cant hook prevents the tree from falling in the wrong direction. It also prevents the chainsawchainsaw guide from jamming.
Let’s get to work then.
After familiarizing yourself with the hypertext “The technique of felling a sawmill tree”, decide whether the sentences are true or false. Po zapoznaniu się z hipertekstem „Technika ścinki i obalania drzewa tartacznego”, zdecyduj, czy twierdzenie jest prawdziwe, czy nie.
| Prawda | Fałsz | |
| The forester and sawyer will revise the techniques of felling a sawmill tree. | □ | □ |
| A sawyer’s attire, which serves as personal protective equipment, doesn’t include ear protection. | □ | □ |
| A well-prepared felling area has three escape routes. | □ | □ |
| When felling a tree, first, a face notch is made, which will dictate the felling direction. | □ | □ |
| The notch needs to be made downwards at the angle of 45 degrees. | □ | □ |
| The cut needs to be made at the cutting depth of ¼ of the tree’s diameter. | □ | □ |
| On the opposite side of the tree, a horizontal back cut is made, slightly below the horizontal cut. | □ | □ |
| Cut until you are able to insert the cant hook. | □ | □ |
| The hinge controls the depth of the cutting. | □ | □ |
| Remove the guide of the chainsaw and don’t press the cant hook until the tree starts to fall down. | □ | □ |
Gallery
Crossword
Zasób interaktywny dostępny pod adresem https://zpe.gov.pl/a/D1DLGo6Vy
Dictionary
naprzemiennie
powierzchnia
asortyment
rzaz ścinający
kora
poprzeczka
wydmuchać
przerzynka
zderzak
odziomek
miazga
obracak
uwaga
łańcuch
pilarka
wióry
zręb
sprzęgło
odbiór
sprężone powietrze
osłona
przejazd
wyrzynka
uszkodzenie
posusz
średnica
dokument
jednostka napędowa
kurz
ochronnik słuchu/uszu
silnik
oddalania
ochronnik oczu
rzaz podcinający
usterka
obalanie, ścinka, wycinka
filtr
opał
naprawić
plan urządzania lasu
wyciek paliwa
smarowniczka
nawłoć
uchwyt
powierzchnia manipulacyjna
twardziel
wysokość
kask
wysokie obroty
zawiasa
bieg jałowy
łyko
nieregularny
długość
okrzesywanie
kłoda
dłużyca
konserwacja
masa
pomiar
mocowanie
maszyna wielooperacyjna
nacięcie
kanał olejowy
instrukcja obsługi
pilarka spalinowa
żerdzie sosnowe
rdzeń
słupek
okulary ochronne
papierówka
zakup
pdbicie
stos regularny
ścieżka
biel
pył
drzewo tartaczne
pilarz
śrubokręt
naostrzyć
zrywka
szlak zrywkowy
fajka świecy zapłonowej
świeca zapłonowa
metr przestrzenny
asygnata
wałek
klasa grubości
wieniec
zagrożenie
legarowanie
ostrzeżenie
szerokość
złom
wywrot
drewno
miąższość drewna