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E-resource FORESTRY

Źródło: Fundacja na Rzecz Rozwoju Polskiego Rolnictwa / Eduexpert Sp. z o.o., licencja: CC BY 3.0.

Assortments of wood

1. Film in the standard version.

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A client comes to the forester. She wants to know what kind of wood she can buy. The forester asks about the details of the order to recommend the appropriate assortment of wood to the client. Do leśniczego zgłasza się klientka. Chce dowiedzieć się, jakie drewno może zakupić. Leśniczy dopytuje o szczegóły związane z zamówieniem, w celu optymalnego doboru sortymentu.

2. Film with subtitles.

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A client comes to the forester. She wants to know what kind of wood she can buy. The forester asks about the details of the order to recommend the appropriate assortment of wood to the client. Do leśniczego zgłasza się klientka. Chce dowiedzieć się, jakie drewno może zakupić. Leśniczy dopytuje o szczegóły związane z zamówieniem, w celu optymalnego doboru sortymentu.
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3. Film with subtitles and pauses. Listen and repeat after the speaker.

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A client comes to the forester. She wants to know what kind of wood she can buy. The forester asks about the details of the order to recommend the appropriate assortment of wood to the client. Do leśniczego zgłasza się klientka. Chce dowiedzieć się, jakie drewno może zakupić. Leśniczy dopytuje o szczegóły związane z zamówieniem, w celu optymalnego doboru sortymentu.
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4. Film with subtitles and narration.

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A client comes to the forester. She wants to know what kind of wood she can buy. The forester asks about the details of the order to recommend the appropriate assortment of wood to the client. Do leśniczego zgłasza się klientka. Chce dowiedzieć się, jakie drewno może zakupić. Leśniczy dopytuje o szczegóły związane z zamówieniem, w celu optymalnego doboru sortymentu.
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classicmobile
Exercise 1
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Solve the exercise. Rozwiąż ćwiczenie.
Source: Fundacja na Rzecz Rozwoju Polskiego Rolnictwa / Eduexpert Sp. z o.o., licencja: CC BY 3.0.
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classicmobile
Exercise 2
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Solve the exercise. Rozwiąż ćwiczenie.
Source: Fundacja na Rzecz Rozwoju Polskiego Rolnictwa / Eduexpert Sp. z o.o., licencja: CC BY 3.0.
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Use and maintenance operations after using a petrol chainsaw

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The animation presents the basic maintenance operations after using a petrol chainsaw. Animacja przedstawia podstawowe czynności konserwacyjne po użyciu pilarki spalinowej.
classicmobile
Exercise 3
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Solve the exercise. Rozwiąż ćwiczenie.
Source: Fundacja na Rzecz Rozwoju Polskiego Rolnictwa / Eduexpert Sp. z o.o., licencja: CC BY 3.0.
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Collecting stacked wood

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The animation presents two ways of collecting wood. Film przedstawia odbiór drewna na dwa sposoby.
classicmobile
Exercise 4
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Solve the exercise. Rozwiąż ćwiczenie.
Source: Fundacja na Rzecz Rozwoju Polskiego Rolnictwa / Eduexpert Sp. z o.o., licencja: CC BY 3.0.
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Harvesting wood using a chainsaw

The hypertext material is an email from a forester to the owner of a forest service company. The forester informs the company how to carry out an early thinning in a mixed‑species tree stand.

Hipertekst jest e‑mailem leśniczego do właściciela ZUL. Leśniczy informuje ZUL, jak wykonać trzebież wczesną w drzewostanie wielogatunkowym.

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Dear Mr. Bell,

Tomorrow we are starting a II age class thinningm89542819c763c502_1497279637332_0thinning in district 234 c of the Kokoszki forestry. The handling aream89542819c763c502_1497279718401_0handling area **of the treatment is 7.40 ha. The tree stand consists mostly of pine, spruce, larch, and, in the south‑east area, of oak, alder and birch. The deciduous part is moist and skiddingm89542819c763c502_1497279733582_0skidding will be difficult there. The assortmentm89542819c763c502_1497279738479_0assortment to be harvested is mostly 2.5 linear meters ofpulpwoodm89542819c763c502_1497279743621_0pulpwoodS2a. Only from the larch and oak clusters will we be able to obtain 1.2 linear meters of short pulpwood S2b with a selection. First, we will remove wind snapsm89542819c763c502_1497279748379_0wind snaps, wind throwsm89542819c763c502_1497279753543_0wind throws and deadwoodm89542819c763c502_1497279762480_0deadwood, and we will cut down the trees on the designated skidding trailsm89542819c763c502_1497279767416_0skidding trails. We will divide the area into working plots for individual cutting teams. I have marked the trees to be cut downm89542819c763c502_1497279772536_0cut down with paint. The mass to be harvested is about 260 m3. Please, pay attention to those parts of the tree stands where spruce, larch and pine grow. The distance of the skidding to the road is about 200 m. Please remember about using ground beamsm89542819c763c502_1497279777622_0using ground beams and pegs on the stacks to be collected. We don’t lean the stacks against trees. Short pulpwood, oak and larch are skidded and transported to district 234 d. Please manipulate firewoodm89542819c763c502_1497279782995_0firewood out of the wind snaps and wind throws, unless it will be possible to manipulate 2.5 linear meters of pulpwood S2a. Around the marsh, we will leave an alder‑spruce curtain, the thinning will be weaker there. As you know, we won’t use the mini‑harvester for felling. Because of the topography and the humidity of the area, we will have to limit the pressure on the ground, and the number of vehicles to the bare minimum. After yesterday’s cloudburst the area is even more soggy. Therefore, please build two makeshift crossingsm89542819c763c502_1497279787842_0crossings across the ditches. We need to use deadwood rolls which will accelerate the skidding.

In case of any questions, please contact me.

Best regards,

P.K .

classicmobile
Exercise 5
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Solve the exercise. Rozwiąż ćwiczenie.
Source: Fundacja na Rzecz Rozwoju Polskiego Rolnictwa / Eduexpert Sp. z o.o., licencja: CC BY 3.0.
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Harvesting wood using a harvester

The hypertext material is an article from a specialist newspaper. It includes the description, place and mode of use of harvesters. It lists the potential contraindications and threats concerned with using the machines.

Hipertekst jest artykułem w gazecie specjalistycznej. Zawiera opis harvesterów, miejsca i tryb ich zastosowania. Wymienia przeciwwskazania i zagrożenia.

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Annually, a wood volumem89542819c763c502_1497292341857_0wood volume determined on the basis of forest management plansm89542819c763c502_1497292338305_0forest management plans **is obtained.

Harvesting wood with the use of chainsawsm89542819c763c502_1497292330786_0chainsaws **is a dangerous and not very efficient process. As a result, harvesting with the use of multifunctional machinesm89542819c763c502_1497292326285_0multifunctional machines is gaining on popularity. Such machines give the opportunity to carry out multiple operations by a single operator. Harvesters belong to this group of machines. They can be used for fellingm89542819c763c502_1497292312053_0felling, limbingm89542819c763c502_1497292307534_0limbing and buckingm89542819c763c502_1497292302003_0bucking.

The work area needs to be flat, with a small number of ditches and wetlands. A network of operating routes is necessary and their areas should be grouped into mini aggregates. Clear cuttingm89542819c763c502_1497292294450_0Clear cutting and thinningm89542819c763c502_1497279637332_0thinning areas of the III and IV age class are the ideal work environment. But mini‑harvesters can also be seen during operations in the II age class. Harvesters leave behind stubsm89542819c763c502_1497292278430_0stubs, cut logsm89542819c763c502_1497292272551_0cut logs,logsm89542819c763c502_1497292265719_0logs, and sometimes long logsm89542819c763c502_1497292257697_0long logs in the felling site. Harvesters are best used for work in coniferous tree stands and alder tree stands, sometimes also in birch tree stands.

The decision to use multifunctional machines requires the consideration of many economic calculation elements. Such elements include equipment transport means, customer services, the guarantee of operator mobility and supervision in the field during the waiting time.

Introducing multifunctional machines creates a series of threatsm89542819c763c502_1497292242188_0threatsto the forest environment. The mechanization improves work safety and the comfort of people, but failure of the hydraulic system is always a heavy burden for the forest environment.

Additionally, trees can be damagedm89542819c763c502_1497292211623_0damaged in the work area of the machines. However, most importantly, economic calculations leave no place for doubt: the efficiency of harvesters in clear cuttings is so great that even at high operating costs their work is profitable.

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classicmobile
Exercise 6
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Solve the exercise. Rozwiąż ćwiczenie.
Source: Fundacja na Rzecz Rozwoju Polskiego Rolnictwa / Eduexpert Sp. z o.o., licencja: CC BY 3.0.
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The technique of felling a sawmill tree

The hypertext material is part of a safety lecture. A forester reminds a sawyer about the correct way of preparing a felling area around a tree.

Hipertekst jest fragmentem instruktażu. Leśniczy przypomina pilarzowi jak we właściwy sposób przygotować miejsce ścinki wokół drzewa.

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Today, we will revise the techniques of fellingm89542819c763c502_1497302764422_0fellingsawmill treem89542819c763c502_1497302748645_0sawmill tree because routine and rush are our greatest enemies at work.

First, let’s check the clothing. A sawyerm89542819c763c502_1497302736917_0sawyer’s attire, which serves as personal protective equipment, consists of earm89542819c763c502_1497302733680_0ear and eye protectionm89542819c763c502_1497302728712_0eye protection, a high‑visibility shirt, pants with a cut‑retardant inlay, shoes and gloves.

Now, the felling area. We have to stand next to the tree and decide in which direction we want to fell it. Select a point in the area that will serve as an orientation point. Clean the area around the tree of the understorey and remove branches and other obstacles. A well‑prepared felling area has two escape routesm89542819c763c502_1497302618223_0escape routes free of obstacles. Routes that run at an angle to the felling direction need to be left on both sides of the tree. It allows to retreat to a safe distance.

Then, we start the felling. When felling a tree, first, we need to make a face notchm89542819c763c502_1497302614191_0face notch, which will dictate the felling direction. The notchm89542819c763c502_1497302609415_0notch needs to be made downwards at the angle of 60 degrees. The cut needs to be made at the cutting depth of ¼ of the tree’s diameterm89542819c763c502_1497302603612_0diameter. Then, you need to make a horizontal cut so that the two cuts meet. Such a triangle is cut out. On the opposite side of the tree, we make a horizontal back cutm89542819c763c502_1497302598187_0back cut, slightly below the horizontal cut. Cut until you are able to insert the cant hookm89542819c763c502_1497302589553_0cant hook. It’s important to stop cutting before you reach the face notch, leaving a so‑called hinge. The hingem89542819c763c502_1497302944027_0hinge controls the felling direction. Its thickness should equal 10% of the tree’s diameter, and no less than 2 cm. Remove the guidem89542819c763c502_1497302952671_0guide of the chainsaw and press the cant hook until the tree starts to fall down. The lever of the cant hook prevents the tree from falling in the wrong direction. It also prevents the chainsawm89542819c763c502_1497292330786_0chainsaw guide from jamming.

Let’s get to work then.

classicmobile
Exercise 7
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Solve the exercise. Rozwiąż ćwiczenie.
Source: Fundacja na Rzecz Rozwoju Polskiego Rolnictwa / Eduexpert Sp. z o.o., licencja: CC BY 3.0.
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Gallery

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Crossword

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Play the game. Zagraj w grę.
Source: Fundacja na Rzecz Rozwoju Polskiego Rolnictwa / Eduexpert Sp. z o.o., licencja: CC BY 3.0.
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Dictionary

alternately [ɔːlˈtəːnətli] [adverb]
alternately [ɔːlˈtəːnətli] [adverb]

naprzemiennie

m89542819c763c502_1497305024756_0
area, areas [ˈerēə] [singular, noun]
area, areas [ˈerēə] [singular, noun]

powierzchnia

m89542819c763c502_1497305028963_0
assortment [əˈsôrtmənt] [singular, noun]
assortment [əˈsôrtmənt] [singular, noun]

asortyment

m89542819c763c502_1497335091175_0
back cut [bæk kət] [phrase]
back cut [bæk kət] [phrase]

rzaz ścinający

m89542819c763c502_1497335096649_0
bark [bɑːk] [singular, noun]
bark [bɑːk] [singular, noun]

kora

m89542819c763c502_1497335101839_0
beam, beams [biːm] [singular, noun]
beam, beams [biːm] [singular, noun]

poprzeczka

m89542819c763c502_1497336395332_0
blow [bloʊ] [verb]
blow [bloʊ] [verb]

wydmuchać

m89542819c763c502_1497336402048_0
bucking [bəkɪŋ] [singular, noun]
bucking [bəkɪŋ] [singular, noun]

przerzynka

m89542819c763c502_1497336417468_0
bumper, bumpers [ˈbəmpər] [singular, noun]
bumper, bumpers [ˈbəmpər] [singular, noun]

zderzak

m89542819c763c502_1497336426296_0
butt log, butt logs [bʌt lɒɡ] [phrase]
butt log, butt logs [bʌt lɒɡ] [phrase]

odziomek

m89542819c763c502_1497336435646_0
cambium [ˈkambɪəm] [singular, noun]
cambium [ˈkambɪəm] [singular, noun]

miazga

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cant hook, cant hooks [kant hʊk] [singular, noun]
cant hook, cant hooks [kant hʊk] [singular, noun]

obracak

m89542819c763c502_1498034118450_0
caution [ˈkɔʃ(ə)n] [singular, noun]
caution [ˈkɔʃ(ə)n] [singular, noun]

uwaga

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chain, chains [tʃeɪn] [singular, noun]
chain, chains [tʃeɪn] [singular, noun]

łańcuch

m89542819c763c502_1498035315140_0
chainsaw, chainsaws [ˈtʃeɪnsɔː] [singular, noun]
chainsaw, chainsaws [ˈtʃeɪnsɔː] [singular, noun]

pilarka

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chip, chips [tʃɪp] [singular, noun]
chip, chips [tʃɪp] [singular, noun]

wióry

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clear cutting [ˈklir ˈkədɪŋ] [phrase]
clear cutting [ˈklir ˈkədɪŋ] [phrase]

zręb

m89542819c763c502_1498035827118_0
clutch, clutches [klətʃ] [singular, noun]
clutch, clutches [klətʃ] [singular, noun]

sprzęgło

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collecting [kə'lɛktɪŋ] [singular, noun]
collecting [kə'lɛktɪŋ] [singular, noun]

odbiór

m89542819c763c502_1498036288086_0
compressed air [kəmˈprest er] [phrase]
compressed air [kəmˈprest er] [phrase]

sprężone powietrze

m89542819c763c502_1498037317754_0
cover [ˈkʌvə] [singular, noun]
cover [ˈkʌvə] [singular, noun]

osłona

m89542819c763c502_1498037463889_0
crossing, crossings [ˈkrɔsɪŋ] [singular, noun]
crossing, crossings [ˈkrɔsɪŋ] [singular, noun]

przejazd

m89542819c763c502_1498037585993_0
cut log, cut logs [kət lɒɡ] [phrase]
cut log, cut logs [kət lɒɡ] [phrase]

wyrzynka

m89542819c763c502_1498038179960_0
damage [ˈdæmɪdʒ] [singular, noun]
damage [ˈdæmɪdʒ] [singular, noun]

uszkodzenie

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deadwood [ˈdedwo͝od] [singular, noun]
deadwood [ˈdedwo͝od] [singular, noun]

posusz

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diameter [daɪˈæmədər] [singular, noun]
diameter [daɪˈæmədər] [singular, noun]

średnica

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document, documents [ˈdɒkjʊm(ə)nt] [singular, noun]
document, documents [ˈdɒkjʊm(ə)nt] [singular, noun]

dokument

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drive unit, drive units [drʌɪv ˈjuːnɪt] [phrase]
drive unit, drive units [drʌɪv ˈjuːnɪt] [phrase]

jednostka napędowa

m89542819c763c502_1498038800708_0
dust [dʌst] [singular, noun]
dust [dʌst] [singular, noun]

kurz

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ear protection [ɪə prəˈtɛkʃ(ə)n] [phrase]
ear protection [ɪə prəˈtɛkʃ(ə)n] [phrase]

ochronnik słuchu/uszu

m89542819c763c502_1498038979273_0
engine, engines [ˈɛndʒən] [singular, noun]
engine, engines [ˈɛndʒən] [singular, noun]

silnik

m89542819c763c502_1498039057621_0
escape [ɛˈskeɪp] [singular, noun]
escape [ɛˈskeɪp] [singular, noun]

oddalania

m89542819c763c502_1498039065229_0
eye protection [ʌɪ prəˈtɛkʃ(ə)n] [phrase]
eye protection [ʌɪ prəˈtɛkʃ(ə)n] [phrase]

ochronnik oczu

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face notch [fās nɑtʃ] [phrase]
face notch [fās nɑtʃ] [phrase]

rzaz podcinający

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fault, faults [fɔlt] [singular, noun]
fault, faults [fɔlt] [singular, noun]

usterka

m89542819c763c502_1498039521057_0
felling ['fɛlɪŋ/] [singular, noun]
felling ['fɛlɪŋ/] [singular, noun]

obalanie, ścinka, wycinka

m89542819c763c502_1498039528624_0
filter, filters [ˈfɪltə] [singular, noun]
filter, filters [ˈfɪltə] [singular, noun]

filtr

m89542819c763c502_1498039534495_0
firewood [ˈfʌɪəwʊd] [singular, noun]
firewood [ˈfʌɪəwʊd] [singular, noun]

opał

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fix [fɪks] [verb]
fix [fɪks] [verb]

naprawić

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forest management plan, forest management plans [ˈfɒrɪst ˈmanɪdʒm(ə)nt plan] [phrase]
forest management plan, forest management plans [ˈfɒrɪst ˈmanɪdʒm(ə)nt plan] [phrase]

plan urządzania lasu

m89542819c763c502_1498039552067_0
fuel leak [ˈfyo͞o(ə)l lēk] [phrase]
fuel leak [ˈfyo͞o(ə)l lēk] [phrase]

wyciek paliwa

m89542819c763c502_1498039557316_0
grease fitting [ɡris ˈfɪdɪŋ] [singular, noun]
grease fitting [ɡris ˈfɪdɪŋ] [singular, noun]

smarowniczka

m89542819c763c502_1498039563317_0
guide, guides [ɡaɪd] [singular, noun]
guide, guides [ɡaɪd] [singular, noun]

nawłoć

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handle, handles [ˈhandl] [singular, noun]
handle, handles [ˈhandl] [singular, noun]

uchwyt

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handling area, handling area [ˈhændlɪŋ ˈerēə] [phrase]
handling area, handling area [ˈhændlɪŋ ˈerēə] [phrase]

powierzchnia manipulacyjna

m89542819c763c502_1498039581371_0
heartwood [ˈhärtˌwo͝od] [singular, noun]
heartwood [ˈhärtˌwo͝od] [singular, noun]

twardziel

m89542819c763c502_1498039587604_0
height [hīt] [singular, noun]
height [hīt] [singular, noun]

wysokość

m89542819c763c502_1498039593364_0
helmet, helmets [ˈhɛlmɪt] [singular, noun]
helmet, helmets [ˈhɛlmɪt] [singular, noun]

kask

m89542819c763c502_1498040509505_0
high‑speed [ˈhī ˈˌspēd] [singular, noun]
high‑speed [ˈhī ˈˌspēd] [singular, noun]

wysokie obroty

m89542819c763c502_1498040523491_0
hinge, hinges [hɪndʒ] [singular, noun]
hinge, hinges [hɪndʒ] [singular, noun]

zawiasa

m89542819c763c502_1498040530465_0
idle speed [ˈʌɪd(ə)l spiːd] [phrase]
idle speed [ˈʌɪd(ə)l spiːd] [phrase]

bieg jałowy

m89542819c763c502_1498040550545_0
inner bark [ˈɪnə bɑːk] [phrase]
inner bark [ˈɪnə bɑːk] [phrase]

łyko

m89542819c763c502_1498040556839_0
irregular [ɪˈrɛɡjʊlə] [adjective]
irregular [ɪˈrɛɡjʊlə] [adjective]

nieregularny

m89542819c763c502_1498040577306_0
length [lɛŋ(k)θ] [singular, noun]
length [lɛŋ(k)θ] [singular, noun]

długość

m89542819c763c502_1498040584585_0
limbing [lɪmɪŋ] [singular, noun]
limbing [lɪmɪŋ] [singular, noun]

okrzesywanie

m89542819c763c502_1498040592268_0
log, logs [lɒɡ] [singular, noun]
log, logs [lɒɡ] [singular, noun]

kłoda

m89542819c763c502_1498040597481_0
long log, long logs [lɒŋ lɒɡ] [phrase]
long log, long logs [lɒŋ lɒɡ] [phrase]

dłużyca

m89542819c763c502_1498040602617_0
maintenance [ˈmeɪnt(ə)nəns] [singular, noun]
maintenance [ˈmeɪnt(ə)nəns] [singular, noun]

konserwacja

m89542819c763c502_1498040607582_0
mass [mas] [singular, noun]
mass [mas] [singular, noun]

masa

m89542819c763c502_1498041942339_0
measurement, measurements [ˈmɛʒəm(ə)nt] [singular, noun]
measurement, measurements [ˈmɛʒəm(ə)nt] [singular, noun]

pomiar

m89542819c763c502_1498042010047_0
mounting [ˈmaʊntɪŋ] [singular, noun]
mounting [ˈmaʊntɪŋ] [singular, noun]

mocowanie

m89542819c763c502_1498042080979_0
multifunctional machine, multifunctional machines [mʌltɪˈfʌŋ(k)ʃ(ə)n(ə)l məˈʃiːn] [phrase]
multifunctional machine, multifunctional machines [mʌltɪˈfʌŋ(k)ʃ(ə)n(ə)l məˈʃiːn] [phrase]

maszyna wielooperacyjna

m89542819c763c502_1498042156953_0
notch [nɒtʃ] [singular, noun]
notch [nɒtʃ] [singular, noun]

nacięcie

m89542819c763c502_1498042241224_0
oil duct [ɔɪl dʌkt] [phrase]
oil duct [ɔɪl dʌkt] [phrase]

kanał olejowy

m89542819c763c502_1498042304845_0
operating instructions ['ɔpəreɪtɪŋ ɪn'strʌkʃənz] [phrase]
operating instructions ['ɔpəreɪtɪŋ ɪn'strʌkʃənz] [phrase]

instrukcja obsługi

m89542819c763c502_1498042504819_0
petrol chainsaw, petrol chainsaws [ˈpɛtr(ə)l ˈtʃeɪnsɔː] [phrase]
petrol chainsaw, petrol chainsaws [ˈpɛtr(ə)l ˈtʃeɪnsɔː] [phrase]

pilarka spalinowa

m89542819c763c502_1498042628782_0
pine pole, pine poles [paɪn poʊl] [phrase]
pine pole, pine poles [paɪn poʊl] [phrase]

żerdzie sosnowe

m89542819c763c502_1498042692006_0
pith, piths [pɪθ] [singular, noun]
pith, piths [pɪθ] [singular, noun]

rdzeń

m89542819c763c502_1498042768091_0
post, posts [pōst] [singular, noun]
post, posts [pōst] [singular, noun]

słupek

m89542819c763c502_1498042845970_0
protective goggles [prəˈtɛktɪv 'gɔglz] [phrase]
protective goggles [prəˈtɛktɪv 'gɔglz] [phrase]

okulary ochronne

m89542819c763c502_1498042924027_0
pulpwood [ˈpʌlpwʊd] [singular, noun]
pulpwood [ˈpʌlpwʊd] [singular, noun]

papierówka

m89542819c763c502_1498043061155_0
purchase [ˈpərtʃəs] [singular, noun]
purchase [ˈpərtʃəs] [singular, noun]

zakup

m89542819c763c502_1498043123890_0
recoil [ˈriːkɔɪl ] [singular, noun]
recoil [ˈriːkɔɪl ] [singular, noun]

pdbicie

m89542819c763c502_1498043220806_0
regular stack, regular stacks [ˈreɡyələr stak] [phrase]
regular stack, regular stacks [ˈreɡyələr stak] [phrase]

stos regularny

m89542819c763c502_1498043300645_0
route, routes [ru:t] [singular, noun]
route, routes [ru:t] [singular, noun]

ścieżka

m89542819c763c502_1498043409736_0
sapwood [ˈsapwʊd] [singular, noun]
sapwood [ˈsapwʊd] [singular, noun]

biel

m89542819c763c502_1498043531878_0
sawdust [ˈsɔˌdəst] [singular, noun]
sawdust [ˈsɔˌdəst] [singular, noun]

pył

m89542819c763c502_1498043605845_0
sawmill wood [ˈsɔːmɪl wʊd] [phrase]
sawmill wood [ˈsɔːmɪl wʊd] [phrase]

drzewo tartaczne

m89542819c763c502_1498043680924_0
sawyer, sawyers [ˈsɔːjə] [singular, noun]
sawyer, sawyers [ˈsɔːjə] [singular, noun]

pilarz

m89542819c763c502_1498043745605_0
screwdriver, screwdrivers [ˈskruˌdraɪvər] [singular, noun]
screwdriver, screwdrivers [ˈskruˌdraɪvər] [singular, noun]

śrubokręt

m89542819c763c502_1498043835111_0
sharpen [ˈʃɑːp(ə)n] [verb]
sharpen [ˈʃɑːp(ə)n] [verb]

naostrzyć

m89542819c763c502_1498043966189_0
skidding ['skɪdɪŋ] [singular, noun]
skidding ['skɪdɪŋ] [singular, noun]

zrywka

m89542819c763c502_1498044035250_0
skidding trail, skidding trails ['skɪdɪŋ trāl] [phrase]
skidding trail, skidding trails ['skɪdɪŋ trāl] [phrase]

szlak zrywkowy

m89542819c763c502_1498044089219_0
spark plug boot [spɑːk plʌɡ buːt] [phrase]
spark plug boot [spɑːk plʌɡ buːt] [phrase]

fajka świecy zapłonowej

m89542819c763c502_1498044156384_0
spark plug, spark plugs [spärk pləɡ] spärk pləɡ
spark plug, spark plugs [spärk pləɡ] spärk pləɡ

świeca zapłonowa

m89542819c763c502_1498044228387_0
stere, steres [stɪə] [singular, noun]
stere, steres [stɪə] [singular, noun]

metr przestrzenny

m89542819c763c502_1498044321714_0
stock issue [stɒk ˈɪʃuː kɒnfəˈmeɪʃ(ə)n] [phrase]
stock issue [stɒk ˈɪʃuː kɒnfəˈmeɪʃ(ə)n] [phrase]

asygnata

m89542819c763c502_1498044444545_0
stub, stubs [stəb] [singular, noun]
stub, stubs [stəb] [singular, noun]

wałek

m89542819c763c502_1498044520519_0
thickness class, thickness classes [ˈθɪknəs klɑːs] [phrase]
thickness class, thickness classes [ˈθɪknəs klɑːs] [phrase]

klasa grubości

m89542819c763c502_1498044615603_0
thinning [ˈθɪnɪŋ] [singular, noun]
thinning [ˈθɪnɪŋ] [singular, noun]

wieniec

threat, threats [θrɛt] [singular, noun]
threat, threats [θrɛt] [singular, noun]

zagrożenie

using ground beams ['jju:zɪŋ ɡraʊnd bi:mz] [phrase]
using ground beams ['jju:zɪŋ ɡraʊnd bi:mz] [phrase]

legarowanie

warning [ˈwɔːnɪŋ] [singular, noun]
warning [ˈwɔːnɪŋ] [singular, noun]

ostrzeżenie

width [wɪdθ] [singular, noun]
width [wɪdθ] [singular, noun]

szerokość

wind snap, wind snaps [wɪnd snæp] [singular, noun]
wind snap, wind snaps [wɪnd snæp] [singular, noun]

złom

wind throw, wind throws [wɪnd θroʊ] [phrase]
wind throw, wind throws [wɪnd θroʊ] [phrase]

wywrot

wood [wʊd] [singular, noun]
wood [wʊd] [singular, noun]

drewno

wood volume [wʊd ˈvɒljuːm] [phrase]
wood volume [wʊd ˈvɒljuːm] [phrase]

miąższość drewna