E-Resource GARDENING AND LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE
Mechanical cutting of apple trees
1. Film in the standard version.
Film dostępny na portalu epodreczniki.pl
The film presents a conversation between an orchardist and a sales representative of an agricultural commercial company. Film przedstawia rozmowę między sadownikiem a przedstawicielem firmy handlowej rolniczej.
2. Film with subtitles.
Film dostępny na portalu epodreczniki.pl
The film presents a conversation between an orchardist and a sales representative of an agricultural commercial company. Film przedstawia rozmowę między sadownikiem a przedstawicielem firmy handlowej rolniczej.
3. Film with subtitles and pauses. Listen and repeat after the speaker.
Film dostępny na portalu epodreczniki.pl
The film presents a conversation between an orchardist and a sales representative of an agricultural commercial company. Film przedstawia rozmowę między sadownikiem a przedstawicielem firmy handlowej rolniczej.
4. Film with subtitles and narration.
Film dostępny na portalu epodreczniki.pl
The film presents a conversation between an orchardist and a sales representative of an agricultural commercial company. Film przedstawia rozmowę między sadownikiem a przedstawicielem firmy handlowej rolniczej.
After watching the film “Mechanical cutting of apple trees”, decide whether the sentences are true or false.
Po obejrzeniu filmu „Mechaniczne cięcie jabłoni”, zdecyduj czy twierdzenia są prawdziwe czy fałszywe.
| Prawda | Fałsz | |
| The mechanical contour cut reduces the risk of biennial bearing. | □ | □ |
| The mechanical contour cut increases the number of man-hours. | □ | □ |
| The risk of grinding is an advantage of the mechanical contour cut. | □ | □ |
| There is no need to support the trees with a strong and durable construction. | □ | □ |
| Chemical thinning is used in the case of a high number of flower shoots. | □ | □ |
| In older orchards, machines with bar cutting elements are used for mechanical contour cutting. | □ | □ |
| The mechanical contour cut does not have any disadvantages. | □ | □ |
| A 2-5 day delay in harvesting fruit is a disadvantage of the mechanical contour cut. | □ | □ |
After watching the film “Mechanical cutting of apple trees”, complete the sentences with the correct words/phrases.
Po obejrzeniu filmu „Mechaniczne cięcie jabłoni”, uzupełnij zdania odpowiednimi słowami/zwrotami.
rotating disc, summer cutters, harvesting, pink bud phase, biennial bearing, advantages, adjusts the yielding, disadvantages
The mechanical contour cut ........................................ of trees.
The best effect of the mechanical contour cut in older orchards is achieved by cutting with a machine with a .........................................
Rotating discs can be replaced with .........................................
In small-berry varieties, the mechanical contour cut is done at the .........................................
The mechanical contour cut has many ........................................ when well made.
It is easier to make the mechanical contour cut after .........................................
The mechanical contour cut reduces the risk of .........................................
You can read about the ........................................ of the mechanical contour cut on the Internet.
How to plan a fruit farm?
Film dostępny na portalu epodreczniki.pl
The animation presents the spatial planning of a fruit farm: the sketch of plantings, quarters, meteorological stations, access roads, irrigation systems, water intake points and storage rooms. Animacja przedstawia planowanie przestrzenne gospodarstwa sadowniczego: szkic nasadzeń, kwater, stacji meteo, dróg dojazdowych, nawodnienia i ujęć wody, przechowalni.
On the basis of the animation “How to plan a fruit farm?”, put the dialogue in the correct order.
Na podstawie animacji „Jak zaplanować gospodarstwo sadownicze?”, ułóż dialog w odpowiedniej kolejności.
- Good morning, we’re a group of gardening students.
- Thank you. That’s really nice of you.
- Are spring frosts very harmful?
- Of course, please come with me. We’ll start from the nearest quarter. Always remember that planning the quarters is important in establishing a fruit farm.
- Will you show us around your fruit farm and tell us about the most important things?
- Good morning. It’s nice to see you.
- You’re welcome.
- What is also important on a fruit farm?
- Meteorological stations that warn us about the threat of frost.
- Yes, they can significantly affect our yield, but you can use many anti-frost systems. And here are my Cortland quarters. Please, help yourself. Thank you. That’s really nice of you.
Work schedule in an apple orchard
Film dostępny na portalu epodreczniki.pl
The animation presents the work schedule in an apple orchard: sanitary cuts, weed control, fertilization, caring for inter-rows, etc. Animacja pokazuje harmonogram prac w sadzie jabłoniowym: cięcia sanitarne, walka z chwastami, nawożenie, pielęgnacja międzyrzędzi itp.
On the basis of the animation “Work schedule in an apple orchard”, decide whether the sentences are true or false.
Na podstawie animacji „Harmonogram prac w sadzie jabłoniowym”, podejmij decyzję czy twierdzenia są prawdziwe czy fałszywe.
The thinning of fruit tree crowns is done in winter., The summer cut is done before blooming., Spraying against storage diseases is done in September., Mineral fertilizers are spread in February., Old or sick fruit trees are felled in summer., Autumn varieties are collected in August and September., The thinning of buds is done in spring., Spraying is done in winter, at the phase of the opening of buds.
| TRUE | |
|---|---|
| FALSE |
Cutting an apple tree
The hypertext material is a briefing carried out by a farmer for his employees. The farmer explains what corrections need to be made after the mechanical cutting of the apple tree orchard. He explains the principles of cutting apple trees.
Hipertekst jest odprawą przeprowadzoną przez sadownika dla pracowników. Omawianym problemem jest wyjaśnianie poprawek po mechanicznym przycięciu sadu jabłoniowego z wyjaśnieniami dotyczącymi zasad cięcia jabłoni.
Orchardist: Good morning to you. Today we will make corrections after the mechanical pruningmechanical pruning of the jonagold quarters.
Employee 1: Are we to remove everything that’s suitable for cutting?
Orchardist: There’s no need for that. The machine has already made a contour cutcontour cut, but many short shootsshort shoots are too weakly cut. The parts that didn’t get exactly on the blades are raggedragged and crushedcrushed.
Employee 1: So we have to make corrections so that the shoots are well and evenly cut?
Orchardist: That's it. Peter, remember that crushed tissue is the gateway to diseases, the source of infectionsource of infection. In the case of a large tearing, after leveling, use a fruit ointmentfruit ointment to coat the wound.
Employee 2: We only have manual pruning scissors. Will they be enough?
Orchardist: Take at least two hydraulic pruning scissorshydraulic pruning scissors too. All broken branchesbroken branches, clearly bent at an angle into the tree crowntree crown have to be removed. You also have handsaws in the tractor. Every large cut should be covered with an ointment.
Employee 1: Should I be the tractor driver, or should I cut the trees?
Orchardist: You will do the cuts. Ride in pairs on the tractor platformtractor platform. Everyone cuts their part. In case of too fast driving, shout to the driver if something happens. Be careful not to hit the branches. Never hold the bud with your hand when you put the blades to it.
Employee 2: Should we make a long cutlong cut, or a short cut?
Orchardist: Oh, I see you know a bit about running an orchard. Make a long cut. The varieties from the jonagold group are characterized by strong growth, fruiting alternationfruiting alternation and large fruit. Each cut causes a growth response. We should try to make as few cuts as possible in this group of varieties. The best branches have moderate annual growthsgrowths, about 30‑40cm, and are ended in a flower bud.
Employee 3: Everything’s clear. Let’s get to work.
After familiarizing yourself with the hypertext “Cutting an apple tree”, match the Polish words/phrases with their English equivalents.
Po zapoznaniu się z hipertekstem „Cięcie jabłoni”, połącz polskie słowa/zwroty z ich angielskimi odpowiednikami.
source of infection, broken branches, tractor platform, fruiting alternation, growths, long cut, hydraulic pruning scissors, crushed, ragged, fruit ointments
| przyrosty | |
| przemienność owocowania | |
| cięcie na długo | |
| platforma ciągnika | |
| gałęzie złamane | |
| sekator hydrauliczny | |
| maści sadownicze | |
| źródło infekcji | |
| poszarpana | |
| zmiażdżona |
Orchard insurance
The hypertext material is a fragment of a conversation between an orchardist and an insurer. The threats to orchards are listed: droughts, frosts, hail, gales. The conversation is concerned with orchard insurance and its costs.
Hipertekst jest fragmentem rozmowy sadownika z ubezpieczycielem. Wymienione są zagrożenia dla sadów: susza, przymrozki, grad, wichury. Rozmowa dotyczy ubezpieczenia sadu i jego kosztów.
Insurer: Greetings, Mister Henry. Will we be insuring the orchard? Maybe the buildings too?
Orchardist: Just the orchard for now. Please, tell me what I can insureinsure myself against?
Insurer: We have a standard offer: from hailhail, violent windviolent wind, heavy rainheavy rain and frostsfrosts. And from fire, for a small surcharge.
Orchardist: A firefire in the orchard? I’ve never heard of it. But please explain what the insurance ratesinsurance rates are.
Insurer: In your case, they won’t be big. They depend on the value of the plantingvalue of the planting and potential yield lossespotential yield losses: varieties, the age of the orchardage of the orchard. We also estimate the risk of damage. There are no so‑called hail routeshail routes in your area. These are places where hail is particularly frequent. There is also no increased risk of frost.
Orchardist: I have over‑crown sprinklers and anti‑hail nets on two quarters. Do I have to insure them?
Insurer: They may not be 100% effective. You can insure them, but the rate will be 12.5% of the normal rate. However, you can insure the nets against wind damagewind damage, since they cost a lot and can be torn off.
Orchardist: And do you insure against droughtdrought?
Insurer: You have full irrigation in the orchard, so drought is harmless to you.
Orchardist: I have to think about all of this carefully, because the amount to be paid won’t be small.
Insurer: But I want to tell you that the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural DevelopmentMinistry of Agriculture and Rural Development has informed about the possible subsidiessubsidies for agricultural producersagricultural producers from the state budget for insurance rates for agricultural crops, or farm animals.
Orchardist: Oh, that’s something interesting. Subsidies in every form are always nice.
Insurer: According to the act, the subsidies from the state budget for insurance rates will be granted to agricultural producers in the amount of up to 65% under certain conditions.
Orchardist: In that case, I will take insurance against violent wind, heavy rain and frosts.
Insurer: That’s a very good choice.
After familiarizing yourself with the hypertext “Orchard insurance”, select which words/phrases refer to weather phenomena.
Po zapoznaniu się z hipertekstem „Ubezpieczenie sadu”, wybierz które słowa/zwroty dotyczą zjawisk pogodowych.
- value of the plantings
- subsidy
- fire
- orchard irrigation
- violent wind
- insurance
- agricultural producer
- age of the orchard
- heavy rain
- frost
Soft fruit harvest
The hypertext material is a conversation between the owner of soft fruit harvesters and the owner of a plantation. During the conversation, the costs and dates of the harvest of the soft fruit on the plantation are agreed on. The use of a fruit harvester and a half‑feeding combine harvester is also considered.
Hipertekst jest rozmową właściciela kombajnów do zbiorów owoców miękkich z właścicielem plantacji. Podczas rozmowy uzgadniane są koszty i terminy zbioru owoców miękkich na plantacji. Rozważane jest także użycie kombajnu całorzędowego lub połówkowego.
Andrew: Hello, Miss Joanne.
Joanne: Hello, Mister Andrew.
Andrew: As every year, I’m calling to arrange the datearrange the date of rentingrenting the combine harvesterscombine harvesters. My currants didn’t bear fruit this year. I can come earlier.
Joanne: I’m glad you can come earlier. My clients collect fruit from me for jams with pieces of fruit. They want a lot of undamaged currantsundamaged currants. Please, tell me which harvester is more accurate and gives better fruit quality?
Andrew: Definitely the fruit harvesterfruit harvester. It has resistance sensors, floating noses. It collects precisely and doesn’t destroy shrubsdoesn’t destroy shrubs. It’s more expensive, but the efficiencyefficiency is twice as high as of the half‑feeding combine harvesterhalf‑feeding combine harvester. It collects into boxesboxes or jumbo boxesjumbo boxes.
Joanne: And what is the price of the serviceprice of the service? How much more expensive is it than the half‑feeding one?
Andrew: About three times, but it’s faster and has the pros I just mentioned.
Joanne: And what are the pros of the half‑feeding one?
Andrew: It collects fruit from half of the rows. It’s easy to use and provides a high level of harvest. The two‑head harvester is equipped with two shaking unitsshaking units. Each consists of seven wheels, with galvanized rods made of improved steel and a smaller vibrator. This special configuration is mainly intended for harvesting currants. I have an enlarged version with nine wheels, but this model is best used for harvesting large chokeberries.
Joanne: And will the half‑feeding combine harvester also be available? I won’t need it for chokeberry. I don’t have a lot. But it's good that you told me, because my brother‑in‑law has a lot of chokeberry. Recently he complained that he had a problem with the harvest last year. The combine, which he borrowed, broke down. He had to finish the harvest by handharvest by hand because there was no one to rent another machinemachine from.
Andrew: Yes, the half‑feeding one is available. But you would have to provide an employee to operate the machineprovide an employee to operate the machine, and the fruit one works on its own.
Joanne: So I want to order the fruit one.
Andrew: OK, I’m penciling you in.
Joanne: Thank you.
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Dictionary
wyrównanie plonowania
wiek sadu
producent rolny
nagrzewnice powietrza
system przeciwprzymrozkowy
system przeciwgradowy
umówić termin
listwowy element tnący
przyginanie pędów bocznych
przemienność plonowania
skrzynka
okulant rozgałęziony
gałąź złamana
palenie ognisk w sadzie
przedzenie chemiczne kwiatów/zawiązków
sprężyna śrubowa
kombajn
cięcie konturowe
zmiażdżony
miejsce cięcia
nie niszczy krzewów
susza
wydajność
końce wieszaków
podajnik
karczowanie
pożar
przymrozki
gospodarstwo sadownicze
kombajn całorzędowy
maści sadownicze
przemienność owocowa
przyrost
grad
szlak gradowy
kombajn połówkowy
zbiór ręczny
deszcz nawalny
sekator hydrauliczny
stawki ubezpieczenia
ubezpieczyć
nawodnienie
skrzyniopaleta
cięcie na długo
maszyna
główna rama
pęd główy
roboczogodziny
mechaniczne cięcie
przycinanie mechaniczne
stacja meteorologiczna
Ministerstwo Rolnictwa i Rozwoju Wsi
mobilny wiatrak przeciwmrozowy
monitorowanie stopnia uwilgotnienia
program ochrony sadu
deszczowanie nadkoronowe
termin po kwitnieniu
faza różowego pąka
planowanie kwater
dosadzanie drzew
zapylacz
potencjalne straty plonu
cena usługi
zapewnić pracownika do obsługi maszyny
poszarpana
wynajem
ryzyko drobnienia
obrotowe tarcze
otrząsacz
zespół otrząsający
krótkopęd
pęd boczny
drobniejsza gałąź
źródło infekcji
rozsypanie nawozów
dopłata
nóż do letniego cięcia
zbiornik do napełniania opryskiwacza
korona drzewa
przerzedzenie zawiązków
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