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E-resource GEOLOGY

Źródło: Fundacja na Rzecz Rozwoju Polskiego Rolnictwa / Eduexpert Sp. z o.o., licencja: CC BY 3.0.

Geotourism in the world

1. Film in the standard version.

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A travel agency employee suggests a cooperation to a geologist in the preparation of a geotourism offer. The geologist suggests taking a look at the geysers in the Yellowstone Park in North America, and the Norwegian fjords. Together, they discuss the law on geotourism. Pracownik biura podróży proponuje geologowi współpracę w zakresie przygotowania oferty geoturystycznej. Geolog sugeruje obejrzenie gejzerów w Parku Yellowstone w Ameryce Północnej i fiordów Norwegii. Wspólnie omawiają przepisy prawa dotyczące działalności geoturystycznej.

2. Film with subtitles.

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A travel agency employee suggests a cooperation to a geologist in the preparation of a geotourism offer. The geologist suggests taking a look at the geysers in the Yellowstone Park in North America, and the Norwegian fjords. Together, they discuss the law on geotourism. Pracownik biura podróży proponuje geologowi współpracę w zakresie przygotowania oferty geoturystycznej. Geolog sugeruje obejrzenie gejzerów w Parku Yellowstone w Ameryce Północnej i fiordów Norwegii. Wspólnie omawiają przepisy prawa dotyczące działalności geoturystycznej.
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3. Film with subtitles and pauses. Listen and repeat after the speaker.

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A travel agency employee suggests a cooperation to a geologist in the preparation of a geotourism offer. The geologist suggests taking a look at the geysers in the Yellowstone Park in North America, and the Norwegian fjords. Together, they discuss the law on geotourism. Pracownik biura podróży proponuje geologowi współpracę w zakresie przygotowania oferty geoturystycznej. Geolog sugeruje obejrzenie gejzerów w Parku Yellowstone w Ameryce Północnej i fiordów Norwegii. Wspólnie omawiają przepisy prawa dotyczące działalności geoturystycznej.
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4. Film with subtitles and narration.

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A travel agency employee suggests a cooperation to a geologist in the preparation of a geotourism offer. The geologist suggests taking a look at the geysers in the Yellowstone Park in North America, and the Norwegian fjords. Together, they discuss the law on geotourism. Pracownik biura podróży proponuje geologowi współpracę w zakresie przygotowania oferty geoturystycznej. Geolog sugeruje obejrzenie gejzerów w Parku Yellowstone w Ameryce Północnej i fiordów Norwegii. Wspólnie omawiają przepisy prawa dotyczące działalności geoturystycznej.
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classicmobile
Exercise 1
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Solve the exercise. Rozwiąż ćwiczenie.
Source: Fundacja na Rzecz Rozwoju Polskiego Rolnictwa / Eduexpert Sp. z o.o., licencja: CC BY 3.0.
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classicmobile
Exercise 2
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Solve the exercise. Rozwiąż ćwiczenie.
Source: Fundacja na Rzecz Rozwoju Polskiego Rolnictwa / Eduexpert Sp. z o.o., licencja: CC BY 3.0.
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Geological forms and phenomena as an example of geotourist sites

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The animation presents geotourist sites such as mountain ranges, deserts, sea shores, canyons, river gorges, volcanoes, waterfalls, rocks and caves. Animacja przedstawia obiekty geoturystyczne takie jak: masywy górskie, pustynie, wybrzeża morskie, kaniony i przełomy rzeczne, wulkany, wodospady, skałki, jaskinie.
classicmobile
Exercise 3
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Solve the exercise. Rozwiąż ćwiczenie.
Source: Fundacja na Rzecz Rozwoju Polskiego Rolnictwa / Eduexpert Sp. z o.o., licencja: CC BY 3.0.
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How to design a geotourist route?

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The animation presents the stages of designing a geotourist route. Animacja przedstawia etapy tworzenia trasy geoturystycznej.
classicmobile
Exercise 4
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Solve the exercise. Rozwiąż ćwiczenie.
Source: Fundacja na Rzecz Rozwoju Polskiego Rolnictwa / Eduexpert Sp. z o.o., licencja: CC BY 3.0.
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Visiting the „Wieliczka” salt mine

During an employee meeting, a geologist introduces a geotourist route to the guides. The geologist informs them how to present information about the geological history of the object to tourists.

Na zebraniu pracowniczym geolog przedstawia przewodnikom zaprojektowaną trasę geoturystyczną. Informuje jak mają przedstawiać turystom wiedzę o historii geologicznej obiektu.

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Geologist: Welcome to the “Wieliczka” salt minem8573639ef78abab0_1497279637332_0salt mine. My task is to present the geological history of this object in order to help you give reliable information to tourists.

Guide: What routes have been designated here?

Geologist: I want to propose a description of two routes: a tourist route and a mining route. Let's start with the one easier to walk.

Guide: Please, continue. We’ll take notes.

Geologist: The deposit was created in the Miocene periodm8573639ef78abab0_1497279718401_0Miocene period, about 15 million years ago. The hot climate caused the sea reservoir to dry out.

Guide: I have a question about the sight with the depicted people from the Neolithicm8573639ef78abab0_1497279733582_0Neolithic period. Did people already use the resources of the mine in the Stone Age?

Geologist: Yes. At first, they used the saline springsm8573639ef78abab0_1497279738479_0saline springs on the surface of the Earth. They brewed, in other words boiled the brinem8573639ef78abab0_1497279743621_0brine extracted from the spring. Later, deeper wells were drilled, and finally shaftsm8573639ef78abab0_1497279748379_0shafts.

Guide: The next point of the route is the chapel of St. Kinga.

Geologist: Here, we draw special attention to the fact that the floor was made of a homogeneous solid body. The chandeliers are made of salt crystals. Let's move on to the „Groty Kryształowe” nature reserve.

Guide: Stop no. 4 is the „Groty Kryształowe” nature reserve and its huge crystals of halite...

Geologist: …Crystals with an isomorphic shapem8573639ef78abab0_1497279753543_0isomorphic shape, in the form of a cube. Remember that some specimens from these caves have been handed over to the largest museums in the world, such as the Museum of Natural History in Vienna.

Guide: Please, tell us more.

Geologist: At the top, we can see stalactitesm8573639ef78abab0_1497279762480_0stalactites resembling icicles. We can also see stalagmitesm8573639ef78abab0_1497279767416_0stalagmites growing from the bottom of the cave. It’s a precipitate of calcium carbonate.

Guide: And what if they join?

Geologist: Then stalagnatesm8573639ef78abab0_1497279772536_0stalagnates are created.

Guide: And what sights will we discuss on the mining route?

Geologist: Mining excavationm8573639ef78abab0_1497279777622_0Mining excavation sights. You’ll need to go through the corridors of the Regis shaft.

Guide: Will we get a written text about the route?

Geologist: Of course, you’ll also get a map with the tour directions. And now, I invite you to walk the route.

classicmobile
Exercise 5
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Solve the exercise. Rozwiąż ćwiczenie.
Source: Fundacja na Rzecz Rozwoju Polskiego Rolnictwa / Eduexpert Sp. z o.o., licencja: CC BY 3.0.
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Trip to the open mine pit in Sieniawa

A geologist guides the visitors around the smallest open pit lignite mine.

Geolog oprowadza zwiedzających po terenie najmniejszej kopalni odkrywkowej węgla brunatnego.

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Geologist: Good morning. You’re in the open pit minem8573639ef78abab0_1497292341857_0open pit mine **of lignite in Sieniawa.

Visitors: Since when does the mine function?

Geologist: It has been operating since 1873. At first, it was an underground minem8573639ef78abab0_1497292338305_0underground mine extracting lignitem8573639ef78abab0_1497292330786_0lignite, the only one in Poland.

Visitors: At what depth is the deposit here?

Geologist: At the depth of 40m. What's important, we don’t disturb the deep waters.

Visitors: I think there are sands on the ***heap.***m8573639ef78abab0_1497292326285_0***heap.***

Geologist: The deposit has folded structures, formed during the quaternary glaciation. The lignite depositsm8573639ef78abab0_1497292312053_0deposits are between sands, clays and gravels.

Visitors: Where exactly is the lignate located?

Geologist: It’s located in a dozen or so separate heights - upfoldsm8573639ef78abab0_1497292307534_0upfolds, and the thillm8573639ef78abab0_1497292302003_0thill of the deposit is strongly inclined even at an angle of 45 degrees.

Visitors: How long will it be possible to mine the deposit?

Geologist: The current licensem8573639ef78abab0_1497292294450_0license allows for mining until 2063. Please, take a look at the geological cross sections and the balance depositsm8573639ef78abab0_1497292283746_0balance deposits.

Visitors: What is the origin of these rocks?

Geologist: Dead plant debris accumulated in anaerobic conditions initiated the process of the rocks’ emergence in the Neogenem8573639ef78abab0_1497292278430_0Neogene.

Visitors: What exactly is lignite intended for?

Geologist: The lignite goes to individual consumers and to coal‑fired power plants.

Visitors: I must admit that the land after reclamation looks just like a forest. It’s hard to believe that it used to be a mine area.

Geologist: Yes, you can get some fresh air in the area of the open pitm8573639ef78abab0_1497292272551_0open pit now. Let's move on.

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classicmobile
Exercise 6
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Solve the exercise. Rozwiąż ćwiczenie.
Source: Fundacja na Rzecz Rozwoju Polskiego Rolnictwa / Eduexpert Sp. z o.o., licencja: CC BY 3.0.
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Designing a new geotourist route in the St. Anne Mountain geopark

A geologist informs a colleague via email about the geologist’s observations regarding the designing of a new geotourist route.

Geolog w mailu do kolegi z pracy informuje o obserwacjach dotyczących tworzenia nowej ścieżki geoturystycznej.

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Subject: Project of a new geotourist route, July 1, 2018.

Adam, I’m writing to you about the project of a new geotourist route in the St. Anne Mountain ***geopark.***m8573639ef78abab0_1497302764422_0***geopark.***

In the introduction of our guide, let’s write that the park is the highest point of the Chełm Ridge, and is 404m above sea level. At its peak, you can admire a historic Franciscan monastery and the church of Saint Anne. I’ve noticed a faultm8573639ef78abab0_1497302754287_0fault by the amphitheater. It’s a documentary site of inanimate nature. Let the quarrym8573639ef78abab0_1497302748645_0quarry be the next geosite. There are lots of limestonesm8573639ef78abab0_1497302736917_0limestones here.

This is where the new geotourist route should be designated. This will contribute to the protection of geodiversity. On the educational board, information should be placed that 250 million years ago there was a Triassic sea in the Opole region, abundant with life.

The limestones were formed as a result of the accumulation of the remains of animals with skeletonsm8573639ef78abab0_1497302733680_0skeletons or shellsm8573639ef78abab0_1497302728712_0shells. This will explain to the visitors why there are so many fossilsm8573639ef78abab0_1497302618223_0fossils here. I’m sending you pictures of clamsm8573639ef78abab0_1497302614191_0clams, snailsm8573639ef78abab0_1497302609415_0snails and dayliliesm8573639ef78abab0_1497302603612_0daylilies in the attachment. The local krynoid limestones owe their name to -Crino‑idea, the Latin name for daylilies. At the time when St. Anne Mountain was within a bit deeper 30‑meter sea, brachiopods developed here. There are fewer nautilidsm8573639ef78abab0_1497302598187_0nautilids and ammonitesm8573639ef78abab0_1497302589553_0ammonites here. In the place of the former nephelinitem8573639ef78abab0_1497302944027_0nephelinite and limestone quarry, a nature reservem8573639ef78abab0_1497302952671_0nature reserve was created. The volcanic tuff cone is a natural monumentm8573639ef78abab0_1497302963254_0natural monumenthere. According to the Nature Conservation Act, no specimens can be taken away. Maybe we should write this in bold font in the guide.

We can also mention that students participating in educational trips don’t have to pay admission to the national park and that entry to strict protection areas is prohibited.

That’s all. I can’t wait when the route will be open for tourists. I’ll be at the office on Monday. I hope you’ll manage to print our guide by then. See you soon,

Peter

classicmobile
Exercise 7
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Solve the exercise. Rozwiąż ćwiczenie.
Source: Fundacja na Rzecz Rozwoju Polskiego Rolnictwa / Eduexpert Sp. z o.o., licencja: CC BY 3.0.
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Gallery

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Crossword

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Play the game. Zagraj w grę.
Source: Fundacja na Rzecz Rozwoju Polskiego Rolnictwa / Eduexpert Sp. z o.o., licencja: CC BY 3.0.
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Dictionary

aeolian process [iː.ˈəʊ.liən ˈprəʊ.ses] [noun, countable]
aeolian process [iː.ˈəʊ.liən ˈprəʊ.ses] [noun, countable]

procesy eoliczne

m8573639ef78abab0_1497305024756_0
ammonite [ˈæ.mə.naɪt][noun, countable]
ammonite [ˈæ.mə.naɪt][noun, countable]

amonity

m8573639ef78abab0_1497305028963_0
anthropogenic lake [ˌænθrəpəʊˈdʒɛnɪk leɪk][noun, countable]
anthropogenic lake [ˌænθrəpəʊˈdʒɛnɪk leɪk][noun, countable]

jeziora antropogeniczne

m8573639ef78abab0_1497335091175_0
area of reclamation [ˈeə.riə əv ˌre.klə.ˈmeɪʃ.ən] [phrase]
area of reclamation [ˈeə.riə əv ˌre.klə.ˈmeɪʃ.ən] [phrase]

obszar rekultywacji

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balance deposit [ˈbæ.ləns dɪ.ˈpɒ.zɪt][noun, countable]
balance deposit [ˈbæ.ləns dɪ.ˈpɒ.zɪt][noun, countable]

złoża bilansowe

m8573639ef78abab0_1497335101839_0
brine [braɪn][noun, uncountable]
brine [braɪn][noun, uncountable]

solanka

m8573639ef78abab0_1497336395332_0
canyon [ˈkæ.njən][noun, countable]
canyon [ˈkæ.njən][noun, countable]

kaniony

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cave [keɪv][noun, countable]
cave [keɪv][noun, countable]

jaskinia

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clam [klæm] [noun, countable]
clam [klæm] [noun, countable]

małże

m8573639ef78abab0_1497336426296_0
closed quarry [kləʊzd ˈkwɒ.ri] [noun, countable]
closed quarry [kləʊzd ˈkwɒ.ri] [noun, countable]

nieczynne kamieniołomy

m8573639ef78abab0_1497336435646_0
daylily ['deɪ.lɪ.li][noun, countable]
daylily ['deɪ.lɪ.li][noun, countable]

liliowce

m8573639ef78abab0_1497951440522_0
deposit [dɪ.ˈpɒ.zɪt][noun, countable]
deposit [dɪ.ˈpɒ.zɪt][noun, countable]

złoża

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desert [ˈdez.ət] [noun, countable]
desert [ˈdez.ət] [noun, countable]

pustynia

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fault [fɔːlt] [noun, countable]
fault [fɔːlt] [noun, countable]

uskok

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fjord [fɪ.ˈɔːd] [noun, countable]
fjord [fɪ.ˈɔːd] [noun, countable]

fiordy

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fossil [ˈfɒs.əl] [noun, countable]
fossil [ˈfɒs.əl] [noun, countable]

skamieniałości

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geodiversity [ˌdʒɪə.daɪ.ˈvɜː.sɪ.ti] [noun, uncountable]
geodiversity [ˌdʒɪə.daɪ.ˈvɜː.sɪ.ti] [noun, uncountable]

georóżnorodność

m8573639ef78abab0_1498035827118_0
geological object [ˌdʒɪə.ˈlɒ.dʒɪk.əl əb.ˈdʒekt] [noun, countable]
geological object [ˌdʒɪə.ˈlɒ.dʒɪk.əl əb.ˈdʒekt] [noun, countable]

obiekty geologiczne

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geological phenomenon, geological phenomena [dʒɪə.ˈlɒ.dʒɪk.əl fɪ.ˈnɒ.mɪ.nən] [noun, countable]
geological phenomenon, geological phenomena [dʒɪə.ˈlɒ.dʒɪk.əl fɪ.ˈnɒ.mɪ.nən] [noun, countable]

zjawisko geologiczne

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geological process [ˌdʒɪə.ˈlɒ.dʒɪk.əl ˈprəʊ.ses] [noun, irregular, countable]
geological process [ˌdʒɪə.ˈlɒ.dʒɪk.əl ˈprəʊ.ses] [noun, irregular, countable]

procesy geologiczne

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geological sights [ˌdʒɪə.ˈlɒ.dʒɪk.əl saɪts] [noun, countable]
geological sights [ˌdʒɪə.ˈlɒ.dʒɪk.əl saɪts] [noun, countable]

obiekty geologiczne

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geopark [ˌdʒɪə.'pɑːk] [noun, countable]
geopark [ˌdʒɪə.'pɑːk] [noun, countable]

geopark

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geosite [ˌdʒɪə.'saɪt] [noun, countable]
geosite [ˌdʒɪə.'saɪt] [noun, countable]

geostanowiska

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geotourism [ˌdʒɪə.ˈtʊə.rɪ.zəm] [noun, uncountable]
geotourism [ˌdʒɪə.ˈtʊə.rɪ.zəm] [noun, uncountable]

geoturystyka

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geotourist sight [ˌdʒɪə.ˈtʊə.rɪst saɪt] [noun, countable]
geotourist sight [ˌdʒɪə.ˈtʊə.rɪst saɪt] [noun, countable]

obiekt geoturystyczny

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geotourist site [ˌdʒɪə.ˈtʊə.rɪst saɪt] [noun, countable]
geotourist site [ˌdʒɪə.ˈtʊə.rɪst saɪt] [noun, countable]

stanowisko geoturystyczne

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geotouristic attraction [ˌdʒɪə. ˈtʊə.rɪstɪk ə.ˈtræk.ʃən] [noun, countable]
geotouristic attraction [ˌdʒɪə. ˈtʊə.rɪstɪk ə.ˈtræk.ʃən] [noun, countable]

atrakcje geoturystyczne

m8573639ef78abab0_1498038693826_0
geotouristic object [ˌdʒɪə. ˈtʊə.rɪstɪk əb.ˈdʒekt] [noun, countable]
geotouristic object [ˌdʒɪə. ˈtʊə.rɪstɪk əb.ˈdʒekt] [noun, countable]

obiekty geoturystyczne

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geotouristic route [ˌdʒɪə. ˈtʊə.rɪstɪk ruːt] [noun, countable]
geotouristic route [ˌdʒɪə. ˈtʊə.rɪstɪk ruːt] [noun, countable]

trasa geoturystyczna

m8573639ef78abab0_1498038885595_0
geyser [ˈɡiː.zə] [noun, countable]
geyser [ˈɡiː.zə] [noun, countable]

gejzery

m8573639ef78abab0_1498038979273_0
glacial erratic [ˈɡleɪ.sɪəl ɪ.ˈræ.tɪk][noun, countable]
glacial erratic [ˈɡleɪ.sɪəl ɪ.ˈræ.tɪk][noun, countable]

głazy narzutowe

m8573639ef78abab0_1498039057621_0
glacial valley [ˈɡleɪ.sɪəl ˈvæ.li] [noun, countable]
glacial valley [ˈɡleɪ.sɪəl ˈvæ.li] [noun, countable]

doliny polodowcowe

m8573639ef78abab0_1498039065229_0
gravel [ˈɡræv.əl][noun, uncountable]
gravel [ˈɡræv.əl][noun, uncountable]

żwir

m8573639ef78abab0_1498039072609_0
groundwater table level [ˈɡraʊn.dwɔː.tə ˈteɪb.əl ˈlev.əl] [noun, countable]
groundwater table level [ˈɡraʊn.dwɔː.tə ˈteɪb.əl ˈlev.əl] [noun, countable]

poziom zwierciadła wód podziemnych

m8573639ef78abab0_1498039080933_0
heap [hiːp] [noun, countable]
heap [hiːp] [noun, countable]

zwałowisko

m8573639ef78abab0_1498039521057_0
inanimate nature [ɪn.ˈæ.nɪ.mət ˈneɪ.tʃə] [noun, uncountable]
inanimate nature [ɪn.ˈæ.nɪ.mət ˈneɪ.tʃə] [noun, uncountable]

natura nieożywiona

m8573639ef78abab0_1498039528624_0
information board [ˌɪn.fə.ˈmeɪʃ.ən bɔːd] [noun, countable]
information board [ˌɪn.fə.ˈmeɪʃ.ən bɔːd] [noun, countable]

tablice informacyjne

m8573639ef78abab0_1498039534495_0
isomorphic shape [ˌaɪsəʊˈmɔːfɪk ʃeɪp] [noun, countable]
isomorphic shape [ˌaɪsəʊˈmɔːfɪk ʃeɪp] [noun, countable]

pokrój izomorficzny

m8573639ef78abab0_1498039541251_0
Jurassic park [dʒʊ.ˈræ.sɪk pɑːk] [noun, countable]
Jurassic park [dʒʊ.ˈræ.sɪk pɑːk] [noun, countable]

parki jurajskie

m8573639ef78abab0_1498039546364_0
license [ˈlaɪsns][noun, countable]
license [ˈlaɪsns][noun, countable]

koncesja

m8573639ef78abab0_1498039552067_0
lignite [ˈlɪɡ.naɪt] [noun, countable]
lignite [ˈlɪɡ.naɪt] [noun, countable]

węgiel brunatny

m8573639ef78abab0_1498039557316_0
limestone [ˈlaɪm.stəʊn] [noun, countable]
limestone [ˈlaɪm.stəʊn] [noun, countable]

wapienie

m8573639ef78abab0_1498039563317_0
mining excavation [ˈmaɪn.ɪŋ ˌek.skə.ˈveɪʃ.ən] [noun, countable]
mining excavation [ˈmaɪn.ɪŋ ˌek.skə.ˈveɪʃ.ən] [noun, countable]

wyrobiska górnicze

m8573639ef78abab0_1498039568306_0
Miocene Period [ˈmaɪə.ˌsin ˈpɪə.rɪəd] [noun, uncountable]
Miocene Period [ˈmaɪə.ˌsin ˈpɪə.rɪəd] [noun, uncountable]

okres miocen

m8573639ef78abab0_1498039574437_0
mountain peak [ˈmaʊn.tɪn piːk] [noun, countable]
mountain peak [ˈmaʊn.tɪn piːk] [noun, countable]

szczyt górski

m8573639ef78abab0_1498039581371_0
mountain range [ˈmaʊn.tɪn reɪndʒ] [noun, countable]
mountain range [ˈmaʊn.tɪn reɪndʒ] [noun, countable]

masywy górskie

m8573639ef78abab0_1498039587604_0
natural monument [ˈnæt.ʃrəl ˈmɒ.njʊ.mənt] [noun, countable]
natural monument [ˈnæt.ʃrəl ˈmɒ.njʊ.mənt] [noun, countable]

pomnik przyrody

m8573639ef78abab0_1498039593364_0
nature reserve [ˈneɪ.tʃə rɪ.ˈzɜːv] [noun, countable]
nature reserve [ˈneɪ.tʃə rɪ.ˈzɜːv] [noun, countable]

rezerwat przyrody

m8573639ef78abab0_1498040509505_0
nautilid [ˈnɔːtɪlɪd] [noun, countable]
nautilid [ˈnɔːtɪlɪd] [noun, countable]

łodziki

m8573639ef78abab0_1498040523491_0
Neogene [ˈniːəˌdʒiːn] [noun, uncountable]
Neogene [ˈniːəˌdʒiːn] [noun, uncountable]

neogen

m8573639ef78abab0_1498040530465_0
Neolith [ˈniːəʊlɪθ] [noun, uncountable]
Neolith [ˈniːəʊlɪθ] [noun, uncountable]

neolit

m8573639ef78abab0_1498040550545_0
open pit mine [ˈəʊ.pən pɪt maɪn][noun, countable]
open pit mine [ˈəʊ.pən pɪt maɪn][noun, countable]

kopalnia odkrywkowa

m8573639ef78abab0_1498040556839_0
open pit [ˈəʊ.pən pɪt] [noun, countable]
open pit [ˈəʊ.pən pɪt] [noun, countable]

odkrywka

m8573639ef78abab0_1498040577306_0
power station [ˈpaʊə ˈsteɪʃ.ən] [noun, countable]
power station [ˈpaʊə ˈsteɪʃ.ən] [noun, countable]

elektrownia

m8573639ef78abab0_1498040584585_0
pre‑Cambrian sandstones [priˈk.æm.briən ˈsænd.stəʊnz][noun, countable]
pre‑Cambrian sandstones [priˈk.æm.briən ˈsænd.stəʊnz][noun, countable]

piaskowce prekambryjskie

m8573639ef78abab0_1498040592268_0
quarry [ˈkwɒ.ri] [noun, countable]
quarry [ˈkwɒ.ri] [noun, countable]

kamieniołom

m8573639ef78abab0_1498040597481_0
reclaimed area [rɪ.ˈkleɪmd ˈeə.riə] [noun, countable]
reclaimed area [rɪ.ˈkleɪmd ˈeə.riə] [noun, countable]

zrekultywowany teren

m8573639ef78abab0_1498040602617_0
reclamation [ˌre.klə.ˈmeɪʃ.ən] [noun, uncountable]
reclamation [ˌre.klə.ˈmeɪʃ.ən] [noun, uncountable]

rekultywacja

m8573639ef78abab0_1498040607582_0
river gorges [ˈrɪ.və ˈɡɔː.dʒɪz] [noun, countable]
river gorges [ˈrɪ.və ˈɡɔː.dʒɪz] [noun, countable]

przełomy rzeczne

m8573639ef78abab0_1498041942339_0
rock [rɒk][noun, countable]
rock [rɒk][noun, countable]

skałki

m8573639ef78abab0_1498042010047_0
rocky outlier [ˈrɒk.i ˈaʊt.laɪə] [noun, countable]
rocky outlier [ˈrɒk.i ˈaʊt.laɪə] [noun, countable]

ostaniec skalny

m8573639ef78abab0_1498042080979_0
saline spring [ˈseɪ.laɪn sprɪŋ] [noun, countable]
saline spring [ˈseɪ.laɪn sprɪŋ] [noun, countable]

źródła solankowe

m8573639ef78abab0_1498042156953_0
sand [sænd] [noun, countable]
sand [sænd] [noun, countable]

piasek

m8573639ef78abab0_1498042241224_0
seashores [ˈsiː.ʃɔːz] [noun, countable]
seashores [ˈsiː.ʃɔːz] [noun, countable]

wybrzeża morskie

m8573639ef78abab0_1498042304845_0
shaft [ʃɑːft] [noun, countable]
shaft [ʃɑːft] [noun, countable]

szyby

m8573639ef78abab0_1498042504819_0
shell [ʃel] [noun, countable]
shell [ʃel] [noun, countable]

muszle

m8573639ef78abab0_1498042628782_0
skeleton [ˈske.lɪt.ən] [noun, countable]
skeleton [ˈske.lɪt.ən] [noun, countable]

szkielet

m8573639ef78abab0_1498042692006_0
snail [sneɪl] [noun, countable]
snail [sneɪl] [noun, countable]

ślimaki

m8573639ef78abab0_1498042768091_0
spoil tip [spɔɪl ˈtɪp][noun, countable]
spoil tip [spɔɪl ˈtɪp][noun, countable]

zwałowisko

m8573639ef78abab0_1498042845970_0
stalactite [ˈstæ.lək.taɪt][noun, countable]
stalactite [ˈstæ.lək.taɪt][noun, countable]

stalaktyty

m8573639ef78abab0_1498042924027_0
stalagmite [ˈstæ.ləɡ.maɪt] [noun, countable]
stalagmite [ˈstæ.ləɡ.maɪt] [noun, countable]

stalagmity

m8573639ef78abab0_1498043061155_0
stalagnate [stæ.ləɡˈneɪt][noun, countable]
stalagnate [stæ.ləɡˈneɪt][noun, countable]

stalagnaty

m8573639ef78abab0_1498043123890_0
thill [ˈθɪl] [noun, countable]
thill [ˈθɪl] [noun, countable]

spąg

m8573639ef78abab0_1498043220806_0
underground mine [ˈʌn.də.ɡraʊnd maɪn] [noun, countable]
underground mine [ˈʌn.də.ɡraʊnd maɪn] [noun, countable]

kopalnia podziemna

m8573639ef78abab0_1498043300645_0
underground tourist route [ˈʌn.də.ɡraʊnd ˈtʊə.rɪst ruːt] [noun, countable]
underground tourist route [ˈʌn.də.ɡraʊnd ˈtʊə.rɪst ruːt] [noun, countable]

podziemne trasy turystyczne

m8573639ef78abab0_1498043409736_0
upfold ['ʌp.fəʊld] [noun, countable]
upfold ['ʌp.fəʊld] [noun, countable]

siodła

m8573639ef78abab0_1498043531878_0
viewpoint [ˈvjuːpɔɪnt] [noun, countable]
viewpoint [ˈvjuːpɔɪnt] [noun, countable]

punkt widokowy

m8573639ef78abab0_1498043605845_0
volcanic pipe [vɒlˈk.æ.nɪk paɪp] [noun, countable]
volcanic pipe [vɒlˈk.æ.nɪk paɪp] [noun, countable]

komin lawowy

m8573639ef78abab0_1498043680924_0
volcano [vɒlˈk.eɪ.nəʊ] [noun, countable]
volcano [vɒlˈk.eɪ.nəʊ] [noun, countable]

wulkany

m8573639ef78abab0_1498043745605_0
waterfall [ˈwɔː.tə.fɔːl] [noun, countable]
waterfall [ˈwɔː.tə.fɔːl] [noun, countable]

wodospady