Odpowiedz na pytania lub uzupełnij tekst. 1. Stress is normal to experience sometimes but when it becomes…, problems arise., 2. He’s suffering from high blood pressure due to… emotional strain., 3. People often underestimate stress, but it can leave your body and mind in …, 4. Even short-term stress… your ability to control emotions and anxiety., 5. If you don’t manage stress, your health will quickly…, 6. Believe it or not, bacteria in your gut are… in affecting your mood., 7. You might start getting sick more often when chronically stressed because stress weakens your… system., 8. People who experience stress for a long time suffer from heart and blood conditions since stress affects the… system., 9. Beware of repeated bouts of fear and… – they’re more dangerous than you think!
Odpowiedz na pytania lub uzupełnij tekst. 1. Stress is normal to experience sometimes but when it becomes…, problems arise., 2. He’s suffering from high blood pressure due to… emotional strain., 3. People often underestimate stress, but it can leave your body and mind in …, 4. Even short-term stress… your ability to control emotions and anxiety., 5. If you don’t manage stress, your health will quickly…, 6. Believe it or not, bacteria in your gut are… in affecting your mood., 7. You might start getting sick more often when chronically stressed because stress weakens your… system., 8. People who experience stress for a long time suffer from heart and blood conditions since stress affects the… system., 9. Beware of repeated bouts of fear and… – they’re more dangerous than you think!
Źródło: GroMar Sp. z o.o., licencja: CC BY-SA 3.0.
2
Exercise2
In each category choose the element that doesn’t match the rest.
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4.1 Effects of prolonged stress
long-term disabilityheart diseaseperfectionismturmoil
4.2 Systems in the body
cardiovasculargastrointestinalimmunechronic
4.3 Things to cultivate to manage stress
assertivenessresentmentthe ability to adaptaltering specific situations
4.4 Different ways to describe “stress”
establishment of boundariesprolonged mental strainfear and anxietyanxiety-inducing state
4.5 Terms similar to “chronic”
prolongedrepeatedinstrumentalrecurring
4.6 Positive aspects of short-term stress
getting adrenaline boostsimproving one’s composurereframing how one thinksbeing left in shambles
4.1 Effects of prolonged stress
long-term disabilityheart diseaseperfectionismturmoil
4.2 Systems in the body
cardiovasculargastrointestinalimmunechronic
4.3 Things to cultivate to manage stress
assertivenessresentmentthe ability to adaptaltering specific situations
4.4 Different ways to describe “stress”
establishment of boundariesprolonged mental strainfear and anxietyanxiety-inducing state
4.5 Terms similar to “chronic”
prolongedrepeatedinstrumentalrecurring
4.6 Positive aspects of short-term stress
getting adrenaline boostsimproving one’s composurereframing how one thinksbeing left in shambles
Źródło: GroMar Sp. z o.o., licencja: CC BY-SA 3.0.
2
Exercise3
Pair the words and phrases with the correct descriptions.
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perfectionism Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. a state of great disturbance, confusion, or uncertainty, 2. bitterness due to being treated unfairly, 3. the state in which the typical effects of getting older happen early, 4. the quality of being confident and not frightened to say what you want or believe, 5. to change something, usually slightly, or to cause the characteristics of something to change, 6. to adjust to different conditions or uses, or to change to face different situations, 7. to cause great damage, 8. refusal to accept any standard short of perfection premature ageing Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. a state of great disturbance, confusion, or uncertainty, 2. bitterness due to being treated unfairly, 3. the state in which the typical effects of getting older happen early, 4. the quality of being confident and not frightened to say what you want or believe, 5. to change something, usually slightly, or to cause the characteristics of something to change, 6. to adjust to different conditions or uses, or to change to face different situations, 7. to cause great damage, 8. refusal to accept any standard short of perfection resentment Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. a state of great disturbance, confusion, or uncertainty, 2. bitterness due to being treated unfairly, 3. the state in which the typical effects of getting older happen early, 4. the quality of being confident and not frightened to say what you want or believe, 5. to change something, usually slightly, or to cause the characteristics of something to change, 6. to adjust to different conditions or uses, or to change to face different situations, 7. to cause great damage, 8. refusal to accept any standard short of perfection turmoil Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. a state of great disturbance, confusion, or uncertainty, 2. bitterness due to being treated unfairly, 3. the state in which the typical effects of getting older happen early, 4. the quality of being confident and not frightened to say what you want or believe, 5. to change something, usually slightly, or to cause the characteristics of something to change, 6. to adjust to different conditions or uses, or to change to face different situations, 7. to cause great damage, 8. refusal to accept any standard short of perfection wreak havoc Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. a state of great disturbance, confusion, or uncertainty, 2. bitterness due to being treated unfairly, 3. the state in which the typical effects of getting older happen early, 4. the quality of being confident and not frightened to say what you want or believe, 5. to change something, usually slightly, or to cause the characteristics of something to change, 6. to adjust to different conditions or uses, or to change to face different situations, 7. to cause great damage, 8. refusal to accept any standard short of perfection assertiveness Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. a state of great disturbance, confusion, or uncertainty, 2. bitterness due to being treated unfairly, 3. the state in which the typical effects of getting older happen early, 4. the quality of being confident and not frightened to say what you want or believe, 5. to change something, usually slightly, or to cause the characteristics of something to change, 6. to adjust to different conditions or uses, or to change to face different situations, 7. to cause great damage, 8. refusal to accept any standard short of perfection alter Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. a state of great disturbance, confusion, or uncertainty, 2. bitterness due to being treated unfairly, 3. the state in which the typical effects of getting older happen early, 4. the quality of being confident and not frightened to say what you want or believe, 5. to change something, usually slightly, or to cause the characteristics of something to change, 6. to adjust to different conditions or uses, or to change to face different situations, 7. to cause great damage, 8. refusal to accept any standard short of perfection adapt Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. a state of great disturbance, confusion, or uncertainty, 2. bitterness due to being treated unfairly, 3. the state in which the typical effects of getting older happen early, 4. the quality of being confident and not frightened to say what you want or believe, 5. to change something, usually slightly, or to cause the characteristics of something to change, 6. to adjust to different conditions or uses, or to change to face different situations, 7. to cause great damage, 8. refusal to accept any standard short of perfection
perfectionism Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. a state of great disturbance, confusion, or uncertainty, 2. bitterness due to being treated unfairly, 3. the state in which the typical effects of getting older happen early, 4. the quality of being confident and not frightened to say what you want or believe, 5. to change something, usually slightly, or to cause the characteristics of something to change, 6. to adjust to different conditions or uses, or to change to face different situations, 7. to cause great damage, 8. refusal to accept any standard short of perfection premature ageing Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. a state of great disturbance, confusion, or uncertainty, 2. bitterness due to being treated unfairly, 3. the state in which the typical effects of getting older happen early, 4. the quality of being confident and not frightened to say what you want or believe, 5. to change something, usually slightly, or to cause the characteristics of something to change, 6. to adjust to different conditions or uses, or to change to face different situations, 7. to cause great damage, 8. refusal to accept any standard short of perfection resentment Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. a state of great disturbance, confusion, or uncertainty, 2. bitterness due to being treated unfairly, 3. the state in which the typical effects of getting older happen early, 4. the quality of being confident and not frightened to say what you want or believe, 5. to change something, usually slightly, or to cause the characteristics of something to change, 6. to adjust to different conditions or uses, or to change to face different situations, 7. to cause great damage, 8. refusal to accept any standard short of perfection turmoil Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. a state of great disturbance, confusion, or uncertainty, 2. bitterness due to being treated unfairly, 3. the state in which the typical effects of getting older happen early, 4. the quality of being confident and not frightened to say what you want or believe, 5. to change something, usually slightly, or to cause the characteristics of something to change, 6. to adjust to different conditions or uses, or to change to face different situations, 7. to cause great damage, 8. refusal to accept any standard short of perfection wreak havoc Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. a state of great disturbance, confusion, or uncertainty, 2. bitterness due to being treated unfairly, 3. the state in which the typical effects of getting older happen early, 4. the quality of being confident and not frightened to say what you want or believe, 5. to change something, usually slightly, or to cause the characteristics of something to change, 6. to adjust to different conditions or uses, or to change to face different situations, 7. to cause great damage, 8. refusal to accept any standard short of perfection assertiveness Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. a state of great disturbance, confusion, or uncertainty, 2. bitterness due to being treated unfairly, 3. the state in which the typical effects of getting older happen early, 4. the quality of being confident and not frightened to say what you want or believe, 5. to change something, usually slightly, or to cause the characteristics of something to change, 6. to adjust to different conditions or uses, or to change to face different situations, 7. to cause great damage, 8. refusal to accept any standard short of perfection alter Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. a state of great disturbance, confusion, or uncertainty, 2. bitterness due to being treated unfairly, 3. the state in which the typical effects of getting older happen early, 4. the quality of being confident and not frightened to say what you want or believe, 5. to change something, usually slightly, or to cause the characteristics of something to change, 6. to adjust to different conditions or uses, or to change to face different situations, 7. to cause great damage, 8. refusal to accept any standard short of perfection adapt Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. a state of great disturbance, confusion, or uncertainty, 2. bitterness due to being treated unfairly, 3. the state in which the typical effects of getting older happen early, 4. the quality of being confident and not frightened to say what you want or believe, 5. to change something, usually slightly, or to cause the characteristics of something to change, 6. to adjust to different conditions or uses, or to change to face different situations, 7. to cause great damage, 8. refusal to accept any standard short of perfection
Źródło: GroMar Sp. z o.o., licencja: CC BY-SA 3.0.
2
Exercise4
Type the missing words to complete the sentences below.
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1. If you want to limit stress, I suggest you think of how pTu uzupełnij affects your life. 2. Prolonged stress will wTu uzupełnij hTu uzupełnij on your body and mind, and once that occurs, the effects are difficult to combat. 3. You can’t always avoid stressful situations, but you can aTu uzupełnij how they affect you, for example by expressing your feelings. 4. The rTu uzupełnij you have for your teacher after receiving a bad grade will only make your anxiety worse. 5. Getting older is natural, but no one wants to experience pTu uzupełnij aTu uzupełnij due to a stressful life. 6. Those who want to avoid certain situations ought to work on their aTu uzupełnij. 7. The final exams cannot be avoided, so we have to aTu uzupełnij to the situation and treat stress like an ally and not an enemy. 8. My previous job left me in tTu uzupełnij and I couldn’t get my bearings for quite a few months.
1. If you want to limit stress, I suggest you think of how pTu uzupełnij affects your life. 2. Prolonged stress will wTu uzupełnij hTu uzupełnij on your body and mind, and once that occurs, the effects are difficult to combat. 3. You can’t always avoid stressful situations, but you can aTu uzupełnij how they affect you, for example by expressing your feelings. 4. The rTu uzupełnij you have for your teacher after receiving a bad grade will only make your anxiety worse. 5. Getting older is natural, but no one wants to experience pTu uzupełnij aTu uzupełnij due to a stressful life. 6. Those who want to avoid certain situations ought to work on their aTu uzupełnij. 7. The final exams cannot be avoided, so we have to aTu uzupełnij to the situation and treat stress like an ally and not an enemy. 8. My previous job left me in tTu uzupełnij and I couldn’t get my bearings for quite a few months.
Źródło: GroMar Sp. z o.o., licencja: CC BY-SA 3.0.
2
Exercise5
Read the text about how one teen’s life changed after implementing the rule of four A’s. In each point, choose the word or phrase that best fits within the context of the sentence.
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Źródło: GroMar Sp. z o.o., licencja: CC BY-SA 3.0.
3
Exercise6
Read the sentences below. In each gap, type in the correct phrase. There can be up to three words in each gap. Use the key word IN BOLD in each sentence. Note: You must not change the key word in any way.
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1. The situation I was in was Tu uzupełnij, but due to stress management techniques I know, I powered through it. 2. She’s had so many things on her head – work, college, family – that it left her mind and body Tu uzupełnij. 3. People should do everything in their power to manage stress, otherwise, they might suffer from heart and Tu uzupełnij diseases. 4. You’re usually a collected person, but stress Tu uzupełnij to control your mood and anxiety. 5. Sometimes, we cannot manage stress on our own, so the best course of action is to see a Tu uzupełnij. 6. This situation completely ruined Tu uzupełnij and he behaved in the worst possible way. 7. It’s easy to believe one should deal with stress alone, but nothing helps as much as relying on your Tu uzupełnij network. 8. The bacteria in your gut can have a Tu uzupełnij on your mood, so be aware of that.
1. The situation I was in was Tu uzupełnij, but due to stress management techniques I know, I powered through it. 2. She’s had so many things on her head – work, college, family – that it left her mind and body Tu uzupełnij. 3. People should do everything in their power to manage stress, otherwise, they might suffer from heart and Tu uzupełnij diseases. 4. You’re usually a collected person, but stress Tu uzupełnij to control your mood and anxiety. 5. Sometimes, we cannot manage stress on our own, so the best course of action is to see a Tu uzupełnij. 6. This situation completely ruined Tu uzupełnij and he behaved in the worst possible way. 7. It’s easy to believe one should deal with stress alone, but nothing helps as much as relying on your Tu uzupełnij network. 8. The bacteria in your gut can have a Tu uzupełnij on your mood, so be aware of that.
Źródło: GroMar Sp. z o.o., licencja: CC BY-SA 3.0.
1
3
Exercise7
Read a comment from the stress management forum. Based on the information from the comment, try to provide advice on how to deal with stress in 5‑6 sentences each.
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Źródło: GroMar Sp. z o.o., licencja: CC BY-SA 3.0.
Dear… I’ve got advice… I believe/think… When you don’t… resentment can… It might be difficult, but… You should learn to…
Dear WorriedJulied00, I’ve got some advice for you. I believe you’re feeling so much stress because you never made up after the argument. Unfortunately, many people choose not to communicate their issues, which makes the resentment grow and, in effect, they suffer. I understand it might be difficult to reach out to your friends, but talking things out and offering forgiveness (on both sides) can do wonders. Even if you don’t make up, you will feel less anxious and, in time, you will learn to accept the situation which will also help with destressing. Good luck!
31
Exercise7
Read a comment from the stress management forum. Based on the information from the material, try to provide advice on how to deal with stress in 5‑6 sentences each.
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Grafika przedstawia fragment tekstu napisany na forum. U góry widoczne są trzy kółka, od lewej zielone, białe i czerwone. Poniżej po lewej stronie widoczny jest awatar przedstawiający dziewczynę, w ujęciu od klatki piersiowej w górę, z długimi, ciemnymi włosami, w żółtej bluzce. Pod awatarem widoczne są trzy żółte gwiazdki. Na prawo od awatara widoczny jest niebieski prostokąt z tekstem:WorriedJulie00. Hi, all! I usually don’t post on this forum but here goes. I’ve had a terrible argument with my friends from school and now, I’m stressed to even be around them. Of course, it’s a serious issue because we’re in the same class and I see them every day! I’ve been feeling so anxious about it that I don’t know what to do. Please, help!Poniżej, po lewej stronie widoczny jest awatar przedstawiający chłopaka, w ujęciu od klatki piersiowej w górę, z krótkimi, ciemnymi włosami, w białej bluzce i różowym, rozpinanym swetrze. Pod awatarem widoczne są trzy żółte gwiazdki. Na prawo od awatara widoczny jest niebieski prostokąt z białymi liniami symbolizującymi tekst.
Źródło: GroMar Sp. z o.o., licencja: CC BY-SA 3.0.
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(Uzupełnij).
Źródło: GroMar Sp. z o.o., licencja: CC BY-SA 3.0.
Dear… I’ve got advice… I believe/think… When you don’t… resentment can… It might be difficult, but… You should learn to…
Dear WorriedJulied00, I’ve got some advice for you. I believe you’re feeling so much stress because you never made up after the argument. Unfortunately, many people choose not to communicate their issues, which makes the resentment grow and, in effect, they suffer. I understand it might be difficult to reach out to your friends, but talking things out and offering forgiveness (on both sides) can do wonders. Even if you don’t make up, you will feel less anxious and, in time, you will learn to accept the situation which will also help with destressing. Good luck!
3
Exercise8
Some people see avoiding things as the best way to limit stress. Write a for and against essay (200‑250 words) and discuss this issue.
Exam tipazurewhite
Niektórzy ludzie unikają różnych rzeczy, aby ograniczyć stres. Napisz rozprawkę, w której omówisz wady i zalety takiego postępowania.
Napisz rozprawkę w języku angielskim. Twoja praca powinna składać się z 200–250 wyrazów.
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(Uzupełnij).
Źródło: GroMar Sp. z o.o., licencja: CC BY-SA 3.0.
Some people believe that… It is a popular belief that… There has been a lot of discussion about… Even though… However… Should we…?
The main advantage of… Another advantage of… Furthermore/Secondly…
However/Nevertheless/Contrary to… To add to that… Another disadvantage of…
To conclude/To sum up/All things considered/All in all… To my mind/I strongly believe that/It appears to me that…
Some people believe that avoiding certain things limits the stress they experience. Indeed, it might bring relief and calmness not to do something that makes us anxious. However, while avoidance is, without a doubt, one of the ways to go about managing stress, the strategy has its drawbacks.
The main advantage of avoiding stressful things is learning how to control our environment. For example, if we feel stressed about road traffic, we can take a longer but less‑travelled road. This way, we become more independent and exercise thinking outside the box. Another advantage of avoidance is developing our assertiveness. We have to learn how to say “no” and not feel guilty if we do not want to do something.
However, there is one major disadvantage to avoiding stressful things. At one point, our life might become very sad and lonely because we limit everything that might possibly stress us out. Furthermore, not everything can be avoided and so, the stress remains or even grows. That’s why psychologists suggest not only knowing when to avoid things, but also when to accept them.
To conclude, avoiding stressful situations can be useful, but it is not always possible and it can isolate us. Stress may be good because it teaches us to control our environment and to say „no” when we don't want to do something. But, if we avoid too many things, we might end up feeling lonely and still stressed because we can't avoid everything.