Rybołówstwo morskie / Sea fishing

Kształcenie zawodowe
Kategorie
branża rybacka
Słowa kluczowe
270° turn 270° turns [tuː ˈhʌndrəd ənd ˈsɛvnti tɜːn tuː ˈhʌndrəd ənd ˈsɛvnti tɜːnz] [n. C] abandon ship drill abandon ship drills [əˈbændən ʃɪp drɪl] [n. C] air temperatures [eə ˈtɛmprɪʧə eə ˈtɛmprɪʧəz] [n. C or U] alarm bells [əˈlɑːm bɛl əˈlɑːm bɛlz] [n. C] assembly point assembly points [əˈsɛmbli pɔɪnt əˈsɛmbli pɔɪnts] [n. C] bow doors [baʊ dɔː baʊ dɔːz] [n. C] call signs [kɔːl saɪn kɔːl saɪnz] [n. C] counter‑course counter‑courses [ˈkaʊntəkɔːs ˈkaʊntəkɔːsɪz] [n. C] flag signals [flæg ˈsɪgnl flæg ˈsɪgnlz] [n. C] general alarms [ˈʤɛnərəl əˈlɑːm ˈʤɛnərəl əˈlɑːmz] [n. C or U] general life‑saving appliance general life‑saving appliances [ˈʤɛnərəl ˈlaɪfˈseɪvɪŋ əˈplaɪəns ˈʤɛnərəl ˈlaɪfˈseɪvɪŋ əˈplaɪənsɪz] [n. C] gross tonnages [grəʊs ˈtʌnɪʤ grəʊs ˈtʌnɪʤɪz] [n. C or U] helms [hɛlm hɛlmz] [n. C] immersion suits [ɪˈmɜːʃən sjuːt ɪˈmɜːʃən sjuːts] [n. C] lifeboats [ˈlaɪfbəʊt ˈlaɪfbəʊts] [n. C] lifebuoys [ˈlaɪfbɔɪ ˈlaɪfbɔɪz] [n. C] lifecraft lifecrafts [laɪfkrɑːft 'laɪfkrɑːfts] [n. C] lifejackets [ˈlaɪfˌʤækɪt ˈlaɪfˌʤækɪts] [n. C] light signalling devices [laɪt ˈsɪgnlɪŋ dɪˈvaɪs laɪt ˈsɪgnlɪŋ dɪˈvaɪsɪz] [n. C] LSA Codes [ɛl‑ɛs‑eɪ kəʊd ɛl‑ɛs‑eɪ kəʊdz] [n. C] muster list muster lists [ˈmʌstə lɪst ˈmʌstə lɪsts*] [n. C]* names of vessels [neɪm əv ˈvɛsl neɪmz əv ˈvɛslz] [n. C] officers in charge of an engineering watch [ˈɒfɪsər ɪn ʧɑːʤ əv ən ˌɛnʤɪˈnɪərɪŋ wɒʧ ˈɒfɪsəz ɪn ʧɑːʤ əv ən ˌɛnʤɪˈnɪərɪŋ wɒʧ] [n. C] oil spills [ɔɪl spɪl ɔɪl spɪlz] [n. C] counter‑courses [əˈrɪʤənl kɔːs əˈrɪʤənl kɔːsɪz] [n. C] original track lines [əˈrɪʤənl træk laɪn əˈrɪʤənl træk laɪnz] [n. C] Oscar signal flags [ˈɒskə ˈsɪgnl flæg ˈɒskə ˈsɪgnl flægz] [n. C] other sides [ˈʌðə saɪd ˈʌðə saɪdz] [n. C] passenger ships [ˈpæsɪnʤə ʃɪp ˈpæsɪnʤə ʃɪps] [n. C] personal life‑saving appliance personal life‑saving appliances [ˈpɜːsnl ˈlaɪfˈseɪvɪŋ əˈplaɪəns ˈpɜːsnl ˈlaɪfˈseɪvɪŋ əˈplaɪənsɪz] [n. C] positions [pəˈzɪʃən pəˈzɪʃənz] [n. C] propulsion powers [prəˈpʌlʃən ˈpaʊə prəˈpʌlʃən ˈpaʊəz] [n. C or U] reciprocal courses [rɪˈsɪprəkəl kɔːs rɪˈsɪprəkəl kɔːsɪz] [n. C] release mechanism fairways [ˈfeə.weɪ ˈfeə.weɪz] [n. C] magnetic compasses [mæɡˈnet.ɪk ˈkʌm.pəs mæɡˈnet.ɪk ˈkʌm.pəsɪz] [n. C] nautical miles [ˈnɔː.tɪ.kəl maɪl ˈnɔː.tɪ.kəl maɪlz] [n. C] navigational warnings [ˌnæv.ɪˈɡeɪ.ʃən.əl ˈwɔː.nɪŋ ˌnæv.ɪˈɡeɪ.ʃən.əl ˈwɔː.nɪŋz] [n. C] hulls [hʌl hʌlz] [n. C] sterns [stɜːn port knots [nɒt nɒts] [n. C] nautical publications [ˈnɔː.tɪ.kəl ˌpʌb.lɪˈkeɪ.ʃən anchors [ˈæŋ.kə ˈæŋ.kəz] [n. C] release mechanisms [rɪˈliːs ˈmɛkənɪzm rɪˈliːs ˈmɛkənɪzmz] [n. C] rescue boats [ˈrɛskjuː bəʊt ˈrɛskjuː bəʊts] [n. C] rescue vessels [ˈrɛskjuː ˈvɛsl ˈrɛskjuː ˈvɛslz] [n. C] sea states [siː steɪt siː steɪts] [n. C] seafarers [ˈsiːˌfeərə ˈsiːˌfeərəz] [n. C] passenger ships [ˈsiːˌgəʊɪŋ ʃɪp ship’s horn ship’s horns [ʃɪps hɔːn ʃɪps hɔːnz] [n. C] ship's logbook ship's logbooks [ʃɪps ˈlɒgbʊk ʃɪps ˈlɒgbʊks] [n. C] sides [saɪd saɪdz] [n. C] stamps [stæmp stæmps] [n. C] stopping manouvre stopping manouvres [ˈstɒpɪŋ məˈnuːvə ˈstɒpɪŋ məˈnuːvəz] [n. C] thermal protective aids [ˈθɜːməl prəˈtɛktɪv eɪd ˈθɜːməl prəˈtɛktɪv eɪdz] [n. C] true courses [truː kɔːsr truː 'kɔːsɪz] [n. C] types of vessels [taɪp əv ˈvɛsl taɪps əv ˈvɛslz] [n. C] underwater works [ˈʌndəˈwɔːtə wɜːk ˈʌndəˈwɔːtə wɜːks] [n. C or U] urgency communications [ˈɜːʤənsi kəˌmjuːnɪˈkeɪʃənz] [n. plural] Williamson turns [ˈwɪljəmsən tɜːn ˈwɪljəmsən tɜːnz] [n. C] pipeline direction magnetic field region approach marks [əˈprəʊtʃ mɑːk əˈprəʊtʃ mɑːks] [n. C] bag sets [bæɡ set bæɡ sets] [n. C] buoys [bɔɪ bɔɪz] [n. C] carabiners [ˌkær.əˈbiː.nə ˌkær.əˈbiː.nəz] [n. C] compass needles [ˈkʌm.pəs ˈniː.dəl ˈkʌm.pəs ˈniː.dəlz] [n. C] course courses [kɔːs kɔːsɪz] [n. C] diagonal mesh sizes [daɪˈæɡ.ən.əl meʃ saɪz daɪˈæɡ.ən.əl meʃ saɪzɪz] [n. C] directions [daɪˈrek.ʃən daɪˈrek.ʃənz] [n. C] drain holes [dreɪn həʊl dreɪn həʊlz] [n. C] east cardinal marks [iːst ˈkɑː.dɪ.nəl mɑːk iːst ˈkɑː.dɪ.nəl mɑːks] [n. C] fairway axes [ˈfeə.weɪ ˈæk.sɪs ˈfeə.weɪ ˈæk.sɪz] [n. C] fasts [fɑːst fɑːsts] [n. C] fish raw material fish raw materials [fɪʃ rɔː məˈtɪə.ri.əl fɪʃ rɔː məˈtɪə.ri.əlz] [n. C or U] fishers [ˈfɪʃə ˈfɪʃəz] [n. C] fisheries [ˈfɪʃ.ər.i ˈfɪʃ.ər.iz] [n. C] fishing gears [ˈfɪʃ.ɪŋ ɡɪə ˈfɪʃ.ɪŋ ɡɪəz] [n. C] four‑twist line four‑twist lines [fɔːr‑twɪst laɪn fɔːr‑twɪst laɪnz] [n. C] isolated danger marks [ˈaɪ.sə.leɪ.tɪd ˈdeɪn.dʒə mɑːk ˈaɪ.sə.leɪ.tɪd ˈdeɪn.dʒə mɑːks] [n. C] jibs [dʒɪb dʒɪbz] [n. C] knot [nɒt lateral marks [ˈlæt.ər.əl mɑːk ˈlæt.ər.əl mɑːks] [n. C] laying pipes [leɪɪŋ paɪp leɪɪŋ paɪps] [n. C] left‑hand mark left‑hand marks [left‑hænd mɑːk left‑hænd mɑːks] [n. C] magnetic fields [mæɡˈnet.ɪk fiːld mæɡˈnet.ɪk fiːldz] [n. C] main fairways [meɪn ˈfeə.weɪ meɪn ˈfeə.weɪz] [n. C] minimum catch size minimum catch sizes [ˈmɪn.ɪ.məm kætʃ saɪz ˈmɪn.ɪ.məm kætʃ saɪzɪz] [n. C] ˈnɔː.tɪ.kəl ˌpʌb.lɪˈkeɪ.ʃənz] [n. C or U] isolated danger marks [ˌnæv.ɪˈɡeɪ.ʃən mɑːk ˌnæv.ɪˈɡeɪ.ʃən mɑːks] [n. C] navigational maps [ˌnæv.ɪˈɡeɪ.ʃən.əl mæp ˌnæv.ɪˈɡeɪ.ʃən.əl mæps] [n. C] net* nets* [net nets] [n. C] north cardinal marks [nɔːθ ˈkɑː.dɪ.nəl mɑːk nɔːθ ˈkɑː.dɪ.nəl mɑːks] [n. C] obstacles [ˈɒb.stə.kəl ˈɒb.stə.kəlz] [n. C] optical direction finders [ˈɒp.tɪ.kəl daɪˈrek.ʃən ˈfaɪn.də ˈɒp.tɪ.kəl daɪˈrek.ʃən ˈfaɪn.dəz] [n. C] outboard valves [ˌaʊt.bɔːd vælv ˌaʊt.bɔːd vælvz] [n. C] pumping rates [pʌmpɪŋ reɪt pʌmpɪŋ reɪts] [n. C] reflective tapes [rɪˈflek.tɪv teɪp rɪˈflek.tɪv teɪps] [n. C] regions [ˈriː.dʒən ˈriː.dʒənz] [n. C] right‑hand mark right‑hand marks [raɪt‑hænd mɑːk raɪt‑hænd mɑːks] [n. C] safe waters [seɪf ˈwɔː.tə seɪf ˈwɔː.təz] [n. C or U] safe water marks [seɪf ˈwɔː.tə mɑːk seɪf ˈwɔː.tə mɑːks] [n. C] scales [skeɪl skeɪlz] [n. C] siː steɪts] [**n. C] senior fishers [ˈsiː.ni.ə ˈfɪʃə ˈsiː.ni.ə ˈfɪʃəz] [n. C] skippers [ˈskɪp.ə ˈskɪp.əz] [n. C] south cardinal marks [saʊθ ˈkɑː.dɪ.nəl mɑːk saʊθ ˈkɑː.dɪ.nəl mɑːks] [n. C] special areas [ˈspeʃ.əl ˈeə.ri.ə ˈspeʃ.əl ˈeə.ri.əz] [n. C] special marks [ˈspeʃ.əl mɑːk ˈspeʃ.əl mɑːks] [n. C] species [ˈspiː.ʃiːz] [n. C] spill spills [spɪl spɪlz] [n. C] stɜːnz] [n. C)] tanks [tæŋk tæŋks] [n. C] topping off rates [ˈtɒp.ɪŋ ɒf reɪt ˈtɒp.ɪŋ ɒf reɪts] [n. C] vessel courses [ˈves.əl kɔːs ˈves.əl kɔːsɪz] [n. C] VHF radio‑telephone VHF radio‑telephone**s [ˌviː.eɪtʃˈef ˈreɪ.di.əʊ‑ˈtel.ɪ.fəʊn ˌviː.eɪtʃˈef ˈreɪ.di.əʊ‑ˈtel.ɪ.fəʊnz] [n. C] weather forecasts [ˈweð.ə ˈfɔː.kɑːst ˈweð.ə ˈfɔː.kɑːsts] [n. C or U] west cardinal marks [west ˈkɑː.dɪ.nəl mɑːk west ˈkɑː.dɪ.nəl mɑːks] [n. C] alternators [ˈɒl.tə.neɪ.tə ˈɒl.tə.neɪ.təz] [n. C] anchovie [ˈæn.tʃə.vi ˈæn.tʃə.viz] [n. C or U] automation systems [ˌɔ·t̬əˈmeɪ·ʃən ˈsɪs.təm ˌɔ·t̬əˈmeɪ·ʃən ˈsɪs.təmz] [n. C] bottom gillnet bottom gillnets [bɒt.əm ˈɡɪlˌnɛt bɒt.əm ˈɡɪlˌnɛts] [n. C] call‑sign call‑signs [kɔːl‑saɪn kɔːl‑saɪnz] [n. C] catch areas [kætʃ ˈeə.ri.ə kætʃ ˈeə.ri.əz] [n. C] cods [kɒd kɒdz] [n. C or U] couplings [ˈkʌp.lɪŋ ˈkʌp.lɪŋz] [n. C] day tanks [deɪ tæŋk deɪ tæŋks] [n. C] drift gillnets [drɪft 'ɡɪlˌnɛt drɪft 'ɡɪlˌnɛts] [n. C] electric power stations [iˈlek.trɪk paʊə ˈsteɪ.ʃən iˈlek.trɪk paʊə ˈsteɪ.ʃənz] [n. C] electrolyt electrolytes [iˈlek.trə.laɪt iˈlek.trə.laɪts] [n. C] end of fishing declaration end of fishing declarations [end əv ˈfɪʃ.ɪŋ ˌdek.ləˈreɪ.ʃən end əv ˈfɪʃ.ɪŋ ˌdek.ləˈreɪ.ʃənz] [n. C] fish pumps [fɪʃ pʌmp fɪʃ pʌmps] [n. C] fish species fish species [fɪʃ ˈspiː.ʃiːz] [n. C] ˈfɪʃ.ər.iz] [n. U] fishing position fishing positions [ˈfɪʃ.ɪŋ pəˈzɪʃ.ən ˈfɪʃ.ɪŋ pəˈzɪʃ.ənz] [n. C] fishing report fishing reports [ˈfɪʃ.ɪŋ rɪˈpɔːt ˈfɪʃ.ɪŋ rɪˈpɔːts] [n. C] fishing vessel fishing vessels [ˈfɪʃ.ɪŋ ˈves.əl ˈfɪʃ.ɪŋ ˈves.əlz] [n. C] flags [flæɡ flæɡz] [n. C] flounders [ˈflaʊn.də ˈflaʊn.dəz] [n. C or U] fresh waters [freʃ ˈwɔː.tə freʃ ˈwɔː.təz] [n. C or U] giltheads [ˈɡɪltˌhɛd ˈɡɪltˌhɛdz] [n. C or U] hakes [heɪk heɪks] [n. C or U] herrings [ˈher.ɪŋ ˈher.ɪŋz] [n. C or U] high seas [haɪ siː haɪ siːz] [n. C] hook sets [hʊk set hʊk sets] [n. C] lubricating oils [ˈluː.brɪ.keɪtɪŋ ɔɪl ˈluː.brɪ.keɪtɪŋ ɔɪlz] [n. C or U] mackarels [ˈmæk.rəl ˈmæk.rəlz] [n. C or U] main engine main engines [meɪn ˈen.dʒɪn meɪn ˈen.dʒɪnz] [n. C] main engine shaftings [meɪn ˈen.dʒɪn ʃɑːftɪŋ meɪn ˈen.dʒɪn ʃɑːftɪŋz] [n. C] midwater gillnet midwater gillnets [midˈwɔːtəˈɡɪlˌnɛt midˈwɔːtəˈɡɪlˌnɛts] [n. C] pipelines [ˈpaɪp.laɪn ˈpaɪp.laɪnz] [n. C] ports [pɔːt pɔːts] [n. C] port of registry ports of registry [pɔːt əv ˈredʒ.ɪ.stri pɔːts əv ˈredʒ.ɪ.stri] [n. C] power plants [paʊə plɑːnt paʊə plɑːnts] [n. C] prawns [prɔːn prɔːnz] [n. C or U] propellers [prəˈpel.ə prəˈpel.əz] [n. C] radiators [ˈreɪ.di.eɪ.tə ˈreɪ.di.eɪ.təz] [n. C] receiving vessels [rɪˈsiːvɪŋ ˈves.əl rɪˈsiːvɪŋ ˈves.əlz] [n. C] returns [rɪˈtɜːn rɪˈtɜːnz] [n. C] rose fis [rəʊz fɪʃ] [n. C or U] salmons [ˈsæm.ən ˈsæm.ənz] [n. C or U] sardines [sɑːˈdiːn sɑːˈdiːnz] [n. C or U] scads [skad skadz] [n. C] screw terminals [skruː ˈtɜː.mɪ.nəl skruː ˈtɜː.mɪ.nəlz] [n. C] screw‑down grease cup screw‑down grease cups [skruː‑daʊn ɡriːs kʌp skruː‑daʊn ɡriːs kʌps] [n. C] side power plant air temperature nautical mile position scale sea waters [siː ˈwɔːtə siː ˈwɔːtəz] [n. C or U] sea‑inlet valve sea‑inlet valves [siː‑ˈɪn.let vælv siː‑ˈɪn.let vælvz] [n. C] set net set nets [set net set nets] [n. C] spiny lobsters [ˈspaɪ.ni ˈlɒb.stə ˈspaɪ.ni ˈlɒb.stəz] [n. C or U] sprats spræt spræts [n. C or U] starting batteries [stɑːt ˈbæt.ər.i stɑːt ˈbæt.ər.iz] [n. C] states of destination [steɪt əv ˌdes.tɪˈneɪ.ʃən steɪts əv ˌdes.tɪˈneɪ.ʃən] [n. C] steam boilers [stiːm ˈbɔɪ.lə stiːm ˈbɔɪ.ləz] [n. C] transmissions [trænzˈmɪʃ.ən trænzˈmɪʃ.ənz] [n. C] trips [trɪp trɪps] [n. C] tunas [ˈtjuː.nə ˈtjuː.nəz] [n. C or U] v‑belt v‑belts [viː‑belt viː‑belts] [n. C] walleye pollocks [ˈwɔːlaɪ ˈpɒlək ˈwɔːlaɪ ˈpɒləks] [n. C or U] water‑line water‑lines [ˈwɔː.tə‑laɪn ˈwɔː.tə‑laɪnz] [n. C] transmission trip fresh water fishery obstacle return knot tank propeller flag fuelling [ˈfjuː.əlɪŋ] [n. U] pressure [ˈpreʃ.ə] [n. U] visibility [ˌvɪz.əˈbɪl.ə.ti] [n. U] species fisher skipper fishing gear diagonal mesh size bag set buoy reflective tape carabiner stern fast laying pipe magnetic compass vessel course optical direction finder navigation mark compass needle senior fisher weather forecast navigational warning sea state pumping rate topping off rate jib drain hole outboard valve lateral mark fairway main fairway safe water north cardinal mark south cardinal mark east cardinal mark west cardinal mark isolated danger mark safe water mark fairway axis approach mark special mark special area navigational map nautical publication coupling radiator day tank alternator screw terminal starting battery hull electric power station main engine shafting steam boiler sea water lubricating oil automation system anchor hook set fish pump drift gillnet receiving vessel state of destination catch area high sea cod salmon flounder herring sprat tuna hake rose fish walleye pollock mackerel scad sardine anchovy prawn spiny lobster gilthead seagoing ship LSA Code lifejacket immersion suit thermal protective aid lifebuoy lifeboat rescue boat passenger ship Williamson turn original track line general alarm alarm bell Oscar signal flag flag signal light signalling device call sign bow door true course officer in charge of an engineering watch name of vessel gross tonnage propulsion power type of vessel stamp rescue vessel oil spill underwater work helm original course other side reciprocal course aid to navigation [eɪd tʊ ˌnæv.ɪˈɡeɪ.ʃən] [n. U] Beaufort scale [ˈbəʊ.fət ˌskeɪl] [n. singular] cardinal marks [ˈkɑː.dɪ.nəl mɑːks] [n. C] clear [klɪə] [v.] compensation of deviation [ˌkɒm.penˈseɪ.ʃən əv ˌdiː.viˈeɪ.ʃən] [n. U] control [kənˈtrəʊl] [n. U] Earth’s magnetism [ɜːθs ˈmæɡ.nə.tɪ.zəm] [n. U] emergency signals [ɪˈmɜː.dʒən.si ˈsɪɡ.nəlz] [n. plural] fire‑fighting equipment [faɪə‑ˈfaɪ.tɪŋ ɪˈkwɪp.mənt] [n. U] freshness [ˈfreʃ.nəs] [n. U] fuel bunkering [ˈfjuː.əl ˈbʌŋkərɪŋ] [n. U] gills [ɡɪlz] [n. plural] gutting [ɡʌtɪŋ] [n. U] heel [hiːl] [n. U] magnetic declination [mæɡˈnet.ɪk ˌdek.lɪˈneɪ.ʃən] [n. U] magnetic deviation [mæɡˈnet.ɪk ˌdiː.viˈeɪ.ʃən] [n. U] net setting [net ˈset.ɪŋ] [n. U] neutralisation [ˌnu·trə·lɪˈzeɪ·ʃən] [n. U] probe [prəʊb] [v.] return to previous shape [rɪˈtɜːn tʊ ˈpriː.vi.əs ʃeɪp] [phrase] rinsing [rɪnsɪŋ] [n. U] ship magnetism [ʃɪp ˈmæɡ.nə.tɪ.zəm] [n. U] sorting [sɔːtɪŋ] [n. U] compressed air [kəmˈprest eə] [n. U] departure [dɪˈpɑː.tʃə] [n. U] distilled water [dɪˌstɪld ˈwɔː.tə] [n. U] drift [drɪft] [n. U] fish netting [fɪʃ ˈnet.ɪŋ] [n. U] fishing [ˈfɪʃ.ɪŋ] [n. U] fishing capacity [ˈfɪʃ.ɪŋ kəˈpæs.ə.ti] [n. U] landing [ˈlæn.dɪŋ] [n. U] outboard water [ˌaʊt.bɔːd ˈwɔː.tə] [n. U] traps [træps] [n. plural] contamination [kənˌtæmɪˈneɪʃən] [n. U] crew members [kruː ˈmɛmbəz] [n. plural] dangerous goods [ˈdeɪnʤrəs gʊdz] [n. plural] depart from port [dɪˈpɑːt frəm pɔːt] [phrase] distress communications [dɪsˈtrɛs kəˌmjuːnɪˈkeɪʃənz] [n. plural] emergency towing [ɪˈmɜːʤənsi ˈtəʊɪŋ] [n. U] engine‑room watchkeeping [ˈɛnʤɪn‑ruːm ˈwɒtʃkiːpɪŋ] [n. U] equipment [ɪˈkwɪpmənt] [n. U] fall overboard [fɔːl ˈəʊvəbɔːd] [phrase] hoisting [ˈhɔɪstɪŋ] [n. U] keep watch [kiːp wɒʧ] [phrase] latitude [ˈlætɪtjuːd] [n. U] life‑saving equipment [ˈlaɪfˈseɪvɪŋ ɪˈkwɪpmənt] [n. U] list [lɪst] [n. U] longitude [ˈlɒnʤɪtjuːd] [n. U] Marine Evacuation System (MES) [məˈriːn ɪˌvækjʊˈeɪʃən ˈsɪstɪm] [n. singular] ready for lowering [ˈrɛdi fə ˈlaʊərɪŋ] [phrase] routine communications [ruːˈtiːn kəˌmjuːnɪˈkeɪʃənz] [n. plural] safety communications [ˈseɪfti kəˌmjuːnɪˈkeɪʃənz] [n. plural] signals [ˈsɪgnlz] [n. plural] SOLAS Convention [ˈsəʊləz kənˈvɛnʃən] [n. singular] visibility [ˌvɪzɪˈbɪlɪti] [n. U] seafarer
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Autor:
Eduexpert Sp. z o.o. / Instytut Technologii Eksploatacji, Eduexpert Sp. z o.o. / Instytut Technologii Eksploatacji