Chemical analysis laboratory

1. Film in the standard version.

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A laboratory technician discusses the results of an orchardist’s soil analysis. During the conservation, the laboratory technician makes sure that the samples were collected in accordance with the rules for orchard tests. Pracownik laboratorium omawia z klientem wyniki analizy gleby. W trakcie rozmowy pracownik upewnia się, że próby zostały pobrane zgodnie z zasadami dla prób sadowniczych.

A laboratory technician discusses the results of an orchardist’s soil analysis. During the conservation, the laboratory technician makes sure that the samples were collected in accordance with the rules for orchard tests. Pracownik laboratorium omawia z klientem wyniki analizy gleby. W trakcie rozmowy pracownik upewnia się, że próby zostały pobrane zgodnie z zasadami dla prób sadowniczych.

Film dostępny na portalu epodreczniki.pl

A laboratory technician discusses the results of an orchardist’s soil analysis. During the conservation, the laboratory technician makes sure that the samples were collected in accordance with the rules for orchard tests. Pracownik laboratorium omawia z klientem wyniki analizy gleby. W trakcie rozmowy pracownik upewnia się, że próby zostały pobrane zgodnie z zasadami dla prób sadowniczych.

2. Film with subtitles.

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A laboratory technician discusses the results of an orchardist’s soil analysis. During the conservation, the laboratory technician makes sure that the samples were collected in accordance with the rules for orchard tests. Pracownik laboratorium omawia z klientem wyniki analizy gleby. W trakcie rozmowy pracownik upewnia się, że próby zostały pobrane zgodnie z zasadami dla prób sadowniczych.

A laboratory technician discusses the results of an orchardist’s soil analysis. During the conservation, the laboratory technician makes sure that the samples were collected in accordance with the rules for orchard tests. Pracownik laboratorium omawia z klientem wyniki analizy gleby. W trakcie rozmowy pracownik upewnia się, że próby zostały pobrane zgodnie z zasadami dla prób sadowniczych.

Film dostępny na portalu epodreczniki.pl

A laboratory technician discusses the results of an orchardist’s soil analysis. During the conservation, the laboratory technician makes sure that the samples were collected in accordance with the rules for orchard tests. Pracownik laboratorium omawia z klientem wyniki analizy gleby. W trakcie rozmowy pracownik upewnia się, że próby zostały pobrane zgodnie z zasadami dla prób sadowniczych.

3. Film with subtitles and pauses. Listen and repeat after the speaker.

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A laboratory technician discusses the results of an orchardist’s soil analysis. During the conservation, the laboratory technician makes sure that the samples were collected in accordance with the rules for orchard tests. Pracownik laboratorium omawia z klientem wyniki analizy gleby. W trakcie rozmowy pracownik upewnia się, że próby zostały pobrane zgodnie z zasadami dla prób sadowniczych.

A laboratory technician discusses the results of an orchardist’s soil analysis. During the conservation, the laboratory technician makes sure that the samples were collected in accordance with the rules for orchard tests. Pracownik laboratorium omawia z klientem wyniki analizy gleby. W trakcie rozmowy pracownik upewnia się, że próby zostały pobrane zgodnie z zasadami dla prób sadowniczych.

Film dostępny na portalu epodreczniki.pl

A laboratory technician discusses the results of an orchardist’s soil analysis. During the conservation, the laboratory technician makes sure that the samples were collected in accordance with the rules for orchard tests. Pracownik laboratorium omawia z klientem wyniki analizy gleby. W trakcie rozmowy pracownik upewnia się, że próby zostały pobrane zgodnie z zasadami dla prób sadowniczych.

4. Film with subtitles and narration.

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A laboratory technician discusses the results of an orchardist’s soil analysis. During the conservation, the laboratory technician makes sure that the samples were collected in accordance with the rules for orchard tests. Pracownik laboratorium omawia z klientem wyniki analizy gleby. W trakcie rozmowy pracownik upewnia się, że próby zostały pobrane zgodnie z zasadami dla prób sadowniczych.

A laboratory technician discusses the results of an orchardist’s soil analysis. During the conservation, the laboratory technician makes sure that the samples were collected in accordance with the rules for orchard tests. Pracownik laboratorium omawia z klientem wyniki analizy gleby. W trakcie rozmowy pracownik upewnia się, że próby zostały pobrane zgodnie z zasadami dla prób sadowniczych.

Film dostępny na portalu epodreczniki.pl

A laboratory technician discusses the results of an orchardist’s soil analysis. During the conservation, the laboratory technician makes sure that the samples were collected in accordance with the rules for orchard tests. Pracownik laboratorium omawia z klientem wyniki analizy gleby. W trakcie rozmowy pracownik upewnia się, że próby zostały pobrane zgodnie z zasadami dla prób sadowniczych.

Principles of forming and caring for fruit shrubs and trees

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The animation concerns the forming of fruit trees and shrubs. The material presents the tools used for cutting trees, and the methods of tree cutting and tree caring after planting. Animacja dotyczy formowania drzew i krzewów owocowych. Materiał prezentuje narzędzia do wykonania cięcia oraz sposoby cięcia i prowadzenia drzew po posadzeniu.

The animation concerns the forming of fruit trees and shrubs. The material presents the tools used for cutting trees, and the methods of tree cutting and tree caring after planting. Animacja dotyczy formowania drzew i krzewów owocowych. Materiał prezentuje narzędzia do wykonania cięcia oraz sposoby cięcia i prowadzenia drzew po posadzeniu.

Film dostępny na portalu epodreczniki.pl

The animation concerns the forming of fruit trees and shrubs. The material presents the tools used for cutting trees, and the methods of tree cutting and tree caring after planting. Animacja dotyczy formowania drzew i krzewów owocowych. Materiał prezentuje narzędzia do wykonania cięcia oraz sposoby cięcia i prowadzenia drzew po posadzeniu.

Methods of preventing diseases and pests in an orchard

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The animation presents popular orchard weeds, diseases, pests, and prophylactic treatments in fruit tree cultivations. Animacja przedstawia popularne chwasty, choroby i szkodniki sadu oraz zabiegi profilaktyczne w uprawie drzew owocowych.

The animation presents popular orchard weeds, diseases, pests, and prophylactic treatments in fruit tree cultivations. Animacja przedstawia popularne chwasty, choroby i szkodniki sadu oraz zabiegi profilaktyczne w uprawie drzew owocowych.

Film dostępny na portalu epodreczniki.pl

The animation presents popular orchard weeds, diseases, pests, and prophylactic treatments in fruit tree cultivations. Animacja przedstawia popularne chwasty, choroby i szkodniki sadu oraz zabiegi profilaktyczne w uprawie drzew owocowych.

Interview with an orchardist

The hypertext material is an interview between a journalist and an orchardist. They talk about orchard cultivation, soil and weather conditions and topographic relief, and their influence on the selection of fruit plants species. The interview is broadcast on the radio.

Materiał hipertekstowy jest rozmową dziennikarza z sadownikiem, który mówi o uprawach sadowniczych, warunkach glebowych i klimatycznych oraz rzeźbie terenu i ich wpływie na dobór poszczególnych gatunków upraw sadowniczych. Rozmowa jest transmitowana w radio.

Journalist: Good morning, we’ve met today to talk about fruit growing. Please, tell me where an orchard can be set up.

Orchardist: Well, to ensure high and stable yieldingma7d78adc55f8b015_1497279637332_0stable yielding, we need to carefully examine the place where the trees will grow.

Journalist: So, what do we need to pay attention to?

Orchardist: We need to find out whatsoilma7d78adc55f8b015_1497279718401_0soiland subsoilma7d78adc55f8b015_1497279733582_0subsoil we have, what the water relations are, and what the topographic reliefma7d78adc55f8b015_1497279738479_0topographic relief is like. The soil for most fruit cultivations can’t be too heavy, which means it can’t contain too much clayma7d78adc55f8b015_1497279743621_0clay. It can’t be too light either. In other words it can’t be too sandy. In the former, the roots won’t develop well and there will be a problem with air shortagema7d78adc55f8b015_1497279748379_0air shortage. In the latter, there will be no water and nutrientsma7d78adc55f8b015_1497279753543_0nutrients. Tree roots reach great depths, therefore the requirements for the subsoil, which is the layer below the level of ploughingma7d78adc55f8b015_1497279762480_0level of ploughing, are equally important.

Journalist: Are water relations important if we can irrigate the soil?

Orchardist: The groundwater tablema7d78adc55f8b015_1497279767416_0groundwater table level is important for fruit growing. If it is too shallow, the roots will drown and rot.

Journalist: I understand. Could you please tell me what the topographic relief affects?

Orchardist: It affects possible freezing. The recesses whichcold air massma7d78adc55f8b015_1497279772536_0cold air mass flows into aren’t suitable for fruit cultivations, because trees and shrubs will freezema7d78adc55f8b015_1497279777622_0freeze there. Flowers and buds will also be at risk of freezing.

Journalist: What about the soil for establishing the orchard?

Orchardist: The soil should be fertile, rich in humusma7d78adc55f8b015_1497279782995_0humus, sufficiently moist and permeable. But even the most fertile soil should be properly prepared, starting with removing the permanent weeds and the plough panma7d78adc55f8b015_1497279787842_0plough pan, and enriching the soil with humus.

Journalist: Unfortunately, we have run out of time. Dear listeners, please send your questions for our guest by email. We’ll return to this conversation next week. Thank you for time.

Orchardist: Thank you as well. I’ll be waiting for the questions.

Beginning the fruit harvest season

The hypertext material presents the meeting of an orchardist and his family who work for him. The conversation concerns the harvest of fruit from individual quarters, their transport to the storage room, and the filling of the cold rooms.

Hipertekst przedstawia naradę sadownika z rodziną, która jest u niego zatrudniona. Rozmowa dotyczy zbioru owoców z poszczególnych kwater, transportu do przechowalni i zapełniania komór chłodniczych.

Father: Time to start the harvest. Johnny, is there any fruit left in the quarter with summer varieties?

Johnny: We’ve finished selling the summerma7d78adc55f8b015_1497292338305_0summer dessert varietiesma7d78adc55f8b015_1497292341857_0dessert varieties. The last was Early Geneva.

Father: Alice, are the autumn varietiesma7d78adc55f8b015_1497292330786_0autumn varieties ready for harvesting?

Alice: We have to wait. The starch testma7d78adc55f8b015_1497292326285_0starch test has indicated the onset of starch formation. The firmness testma7d78adc55f8b015_1497292312053_0firmness test, of course, has indicated that they are hard. I think we have to wait another week. The more modern the storage technology, the greater the requirements for the degree of apple maturity, loading speed and fruit cooling.

Father: Make sure the pickersma7d78adc55f8b015_1497292307534_0pickers don’t bruise the apples. You have to put the apples gently into the boxesma7d78adc55f8b015_1497292302003_0boxes and jumbo boxesma7d78adc55f8b015_1497292294450_0jumbo boxes, so that there are no bruisesma7d78adc55f8b015_1497292283746_0bruises that cause rottingma7d78adc55f8b015_1497292278430_0rotting.

Alice: Will we be able to fill the cold roomsma7d78adc55f8b015_1497292272551_0cold rooms before the harvest of the winter varietiesma7d78adc55f8b015_1497292265719_0winter varieties begins?

Johnny: Definitely. The rooms with a controlled atmosphere have been checked by a service technician. The sensors and the computer system are operational, the refrigeration unitsma7d78adc55f8b015_1497292257697_0refrigeration units and the CO2 scrubbers work, and the nitrogen cylinders have also been delivered. We also remember about the inspection of the equipment and storage parameters, because it’s easy to destroy all of the stored fruit.

Father: You're right. Remember, however, that the rooms are dangerous. Liquid nitrogen can burn the skin, and once the oxygen is exhausted, one breath in the room means the loss of consciousness and death!

Alice and Johnny: Oh dad, you've said that a hundred times!

Father: And I’ll say it once again: health and safety rules aren’t a joke, but the protection of health and life.

Labels of plant protection preparations

The hypertext material discusses a protection preparation against fungal diseases. The features of the product label are listed: the distributor, the trade name, the active substance and carrier, harmfulness and toxicity class, pictograms, the description of the product's action, comments and use, doses and dates.

Hipertekst omawia preparat do ochrony przeciwko chorobom grzybowym. Wymieniane są cechy etykiety preparatu: dystrybutor, nazwa handlowa, substancja aktywna i nośnik, szkodliwość i klasa toksyczności, piktogramy, opis działania preparatu, uwagi oraz stosowanie, dawki i terminy.

How to read labelsma7d78adc55f8b015_1497302764422_0labels of plant protection preparations?

The label is a form of a safety instruction, so it is important to familiarize yourself with it before using the plant protection preparationma7d78adc55f8b015_1497302754287_0plant protection preparation.

In the first part of the label, pay attention to the distributorma7d78adc55f8b015_1497302748645_0distributor of the product, because this is the recipient of any complaints regarding product quality.

Then we have the trade name of the preparationma7d78adc55f8b015_1497302736917_0preparation (Syllit 65 WP) and its active substance (dodine).

In the name we also have the content of the active substance (65%) and the formulation of the product, i.e. what its carrierma7d78adc55f8b015_1497302733680_0carrier is (in this case a wettable powder).

The next part of the label includes pictograms and warnings regarding safety and threats to people and the environment.

In the description of action section, the mechanism of the action of the preparation is described. In this case, it is a fungicidalma7d78adc55f8b015_1497302728712_0fungicidal preparation with contact actionma7d78adc55f8b015_1497302618223_0contact action, for preventativema7d78adc55f8b015_1497302614191_0preventative,interventionalma7d78adc55f8b015_1497302609415_0interventional and destructivema7d78adc55f8b015_1497302603612_0destructive use.

The second part holds detailed recommendations:
● what plants we use it on (here apple and pear trees);
● what diseases it fights (here apple scab Venturia inaquealis);
● the recommended dosage of the product per hectarema7d78adc55f8b015_1497302589553_0dosage of the product per hectare;
● dates of application;
● the recommended dosage of water for the spraying.

Next the following dates are discussed:
● waiting periodma7d78adc55f8b015_1497302944027_0waiting period - i.e. the period that must pass after the application of the product, before the plants intended for consumption can be harvested.
●preventionma7d78adc55f8b015_1497302952671_0prevention - the period preventing poisoningma7d78adc55f8b015_1497302963254_0poisoning on the plantation, i.e. the time that must elapse between the application of the preparation to the entry of humans and animals, and the bee's departure to the plantation.

Then the safety rules for the following are discussed:
● preparing the working fluid;
● storing the pesticidema7d78adc55f8b015_1497302598187_0pesticide;
● safe using for humans and handling the packaging.

Gallery

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The image presents a fragment of terrain and the movement of air mass. Grafika przedstawia fragment terenu oraz ruch mas powietrza.

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The image presents a table with the assessment of the need for the liming of mineral soils, depending on the agronomic category of the soil and its pH. Grafika przedstawia tabelę z oceną potrzeb wapnowania gleb mineralnych w zależności od kategorii agronomicznej gleby i jej odczynu.

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The image presents the label of a plant protection preparation. Grafika przedstawia ulotkę preparatu do ochrony roślin.

Memory

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