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“Sport is friendship, sport is health, sport is education, sport is life, sport brings the world together.” These words of Juan Antonio Samaranch from the Olympic Games opening ceremony in 1996 seem to underline only the bright side of sport. In this material, however, you’ll learn about the other side: a dark one. You are going to read about the influence of sport on our health. Analyse the text and get to know if athletes are really healthy.

„Sport to przyjaźń, sport to zdrowie, sport to edukacja, sport to życie, sport jednoczy cały świat” - te słowa JuanAntoniSamarancha z ceremonii otwarcia Igrzysk Olimpijskich w 1996 roku wydają się podkreślać jedynie jasną stronę sportu. Z tego materiału dowiesz się również o drugiej stronie - ciemnej. Przeczytasz o wpływie sportu na nasze zdrowie. Przeanalizujesz tekst i dowiesz się, czy sportowcy naprawdę są zdrowi.

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Are athletes really healthy?
Czy sportowcy naprawdę są zdrowi?
Źródło: dostępny w internecie: www.pexels.com [dostęp 4.08.2022], domena publiczna.
Exercise 1
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Are you into sports? Analyse the descriptions of different sport disciplines and match them to the name of sport. POLO Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. It’s a winter racing sport. The participants ride sleds down artificial tracks. The object of the game is to reach the end of the track as fast as possible., 2. The team consists of 10 players. 4 of them carry a long stick and the rest- a short stick. They play with a solid rubber ball. Equipment needed: helmets, mouthpieces, shoulder pads, arm pads, gloves., 3. The object of the game is to score more points than the opposite team. Each match consists of 4 chukkas (plays), each lasting 7 minutes. Equipment needed: a special saddle and a mallet., 4. Very popular in Southern Asia, the game is played by 2 teams, 7 members each. The object of the game is to put the opponents out by touching them or preventing them returning to their own half by the time their breath is up., 5. The object of the game is to hit the ball over the net to the opponents section. To do it, the players can use any part of their body: head, arm, leg. They play on a big inflatable with a trampoline found on each side for added bounce., 6. The goal of the game is to pin the opponent’s arm into the surface of the table. Strength and skills are needed. LACROSSE Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. It’s a winter racing sport. The participants ride sleds down artificial tracks. The object of the game is to reach the end of the track as fast as possible., 2. The team consists of 10 players. 4 of them carry a long stick and the rest- a short stick. They play with a solid rubber ball. Equipment needed: helmets, mouthpieces, shoulder pads, arm pads, gloves., 3. The object of the game is to score more points than the opposite team. Each match consists of 4 chukkas (plays), each lasting 7 minutes. Equipment needed: a special saddle and a mallet., 4. Very popular in Southern Asia, the game is played by 2 teams, 7 members each. The object of the game is to put the opponents out by touching them or preventing them returning to their own half by the time their breath is up., 5. The object of the game is to hit the ball over the net to the opponents section. To do it, the players can use any part of their body: head, arm, leg. They play on a big inflatable with a trampoline found on each side for added bounce., 6. The goal of the game is to pin the opponent’s arm into the surface of the table. Strength and skills are needed. ARM WRESTLING Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. It’s a winter racing sport. The participants ride sleds down artificial tracks. The object of the game is to reach the end of the track as fast as possible., 2. The team consists of 10 players. 4 of them carry a long stick and the rest- a short stick. They play with a solid rubber ball. Equipment needed: helmets, mouthpieces, shoulder pads, arm pads, gloves., 3. The object of the game is to score more points than the opposite team. Each match consists of 4 chukkas (plays), each lasting 7 minutes. Equipment needed: a special saddle and a mallet., 4. Very popular in Southern Asia, the game is played by 2 teams, 7 members each. The object of the game is to put the opponents out by touching them or preventing them returning to their own half by the time their breath is up., 5. The object of the game is to hit the ball over the net to the opponents section. To do it, the players can use any part of their body: head, arm, leg. They play on a big inflatable with a trampoline found on each side for added bounce., 6. The goal of the game is to pin the opponent’s arm into the surface of the table. Strength and skills are needed. BOSSABALL Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. It’s a winter racing sport. The participants ride sleds down artificial tracks. The object of the game is to reach the end of the track as fast as possible., 2. The team consists of 10 players. 4 of them carry a long stick and the rest- a short stick. They play with a solid rubber ball. Equipment needed: helmets, mouthpieces, shoulder pads, arm pads, gloves., 3. The object of the game is to score more points than the opposite team. Each match consists of 4 chukkas (plays), each lasting 7 minutes. Equipment needed: a special saddle and a mallet., 4. Very popular in Southern Asia, the game is played by 2 teams, 7 members each. The object of the game is to put the opponents out by touching them or preventing them returning to their own half by the time their breath is up., 5. The object of the game is to hit the ball over the net to the opponents section. To do it, the players can use any part of their body: head, arm, leg. They play on a big inflatable with a trampoline found on each side for added bounce., 6. The goal of the game is to pin the opponent’s arm into the surface of the table. Strength and skills are needed. KABADDI Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. It’s a winter racing sport. The participants ride sleds down artificial tracks. The object of the game is to reach the end of the track as fast as possible., 2. The team consists of 10 players. 4 of them carry a long stick and the rest- a short stick. They play with a solid rubber ball. Equipment needed: helmets, mouthpieces, shoulder pads, arm pads, gloves., 3. The object of the game is to score more points than the opposite team. Each match consists of 4 chukkas (plays), each lasting 7 minutes. Equipment needed: a special saddle and a mallet., 4. Very popular in Southern Asia, the game is played by 2 teams, 7 members each. The object of the game is to put the opponents out by touching them or preventing them returning to their own half by the time their breath is up., 5. The object of the game is to hit the ball over the net to the opponents section. To do it, the players can use any part of their body: head, arm, leg. They play on a big inflatable with a trampoline found on each side for added bounce., 6. The goal of the game is to pin the opponent’s arm into the surface of the table. Strength and skills are needed. LUGE Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. It’s a winter racing sport. The participants ride sleds down artificial tracks. The object of the game is to reach the end of the track as fast as possible., 2. The team consists of 10 players. 4 of them carry a long stick and the rest- a short stick. They play with a solid rubber ball. Equipment needed: helmets, mouthpieces, shoulder pads, arm pads, gloves., 3. The object of the game is to score more points than the opposite team. Each match consists of 4 chukkas (plays), each lasting 7 minutes. Equipment needed: a special saddle and a mallet., 4. Very popular in Southern Asia, the game is played by 2 teams, 7 members each. The object of the game is to put the opponents out by touching them or preventing them returning to their own half by the time their breath is up., 5. The object of the game is to hit the ball over the net to the opponents section. To do it, the players can use any part of their body: head, arm, leg. They play on a big inflatable with a trampoline found on each side for added bounce., 6. The goal of the game is to pin the opponent’s arm into the surface of the table. Strength and skills are needed.
Źródło: GroMar Sp. z o.o., licencja: CC BY-SA 3.0.

Analyse the text and do the exercises below.

Sport Is Health?
Katarzyna Tkacz Sport Is Health?

A.

“Mens sana in corpore sano,” the famous Latin saying put in 5 words the whole secret of well‑being. Human beings are complicated creaturescreatures [creature]creatures and their bodies and souls create a unified machine. Nobody needs to be convincedbe convincedbe convinced about the beneficial effectbeneficial effectbeneficial effect of physical activity on our lives. Sport should be an element of everybody’s routine, but does sport always equalequalequal health?

B.

The case of Caron Butler proves that not only might sport be truly beneficial for your physical condition, but also it can improve your mental health and literally save your life.

Born and raised in Racine, Wisconsin, this successful American basketball coach and former player suffered through a difficult and impoverishedimpoverishedimpoverished childhood. By the age of 11 he had already got into drug dealing and had been arrested 15 times before he was 15. During his stay at a detention centredetention centredetention centre he discovered his passion for basketball. Eventually he was able to receive a scholarship at university and has been linked to basketball ever since. Sport helped him quit drugs and follow his career path in basketball. From a drug dealer to a professional basketball player, quite a healthy twist isn’t it?

C.

Mary Cain was a talented 16‑year‑old student setting several records in running, when she got a call from Alberto Salazar at Nike and she entered the professional world of sport. Salazar was the world’s most famous track coach at that time, so no wonder Mary trusted him fully when she started training under his supervisionunder his supervision [under sb’s supervision]under his supervision. However, instead of becoming the fastest female athlete, Cain was abusedwas abused [be abused]was abused and emotionally draineddraineddrained by a system designed by Alberto. The constant pressure on her to lose weight resulted in worse running results and made her health deterioratedeterioratedeteriorate significantly. To get thinner, she was given diureticsdiureticsdiuretics and other drugs. As a consequence, Cain developed Red‑S syndromeRED‑S syndromeRed‑S syndrome, she lost her period for 3 years and disrupteddisrupteddisrupted the oestrogen production in her body. Her bone health was ruined and she broke 5 different bones at the same time. She even started to have suicidal thoughtshave suicidal thoughtshave suicidal thoughts.

Mary gave an interview for “The New York Times” and started the discussion about an emotionally and physically abusive systemabusive systemabusive system, having nothing to do with the principles of sport. She was supported by other female athletes, e.g. Allyson Felix who fights with the standards that force athletes after giving childbirthgive childbirthgiving childbirth and while pregnant to get the same results as during their common condition.

D.

Despite all these sad stories like Mary Cain’s, professional sport might be beneficial for you, if done in moderationin moderationin moderation, with the respect for the limits of your body. The research shows that professional athletes are likely to live 5‑6 years longer than non‑athletes. What is more, they are less likely to develop cardiovascular diseasecardiovascular diseasecardiovascular disease and suffer from strokesstrokes [stroke]strokes or type 2 diabetesdiabetesdiabetes.

On the other hand, they are exposed to the risk of injuries and overtraining. They might also suffer from eating disorders and their mental health is at risk, especially when they retire and lose their predictablepredictablepredictable routine.

E.

Overall, athletes with their healthier lifestyle, sufficient sleep, and nutritiousnutritiousnutritious diet seem to follow a better path than an Average JoeAverage Joe/average Joe (idiom)Average Joe sitting on the couch with a beer in his hand.

Sport is good for you and you might introduce it to your life even if you’re not likely to become another Michael Jordan. So take out your bike from the garage and start today!

1 Źródło: Katarzyna Tkacz, dostępny w internecie: https://simplifaster.com/articles/elite-athletes-healthy/ [dostęp 31.07.2023], licencja: CC BY-SA 3.0.
Exercise 2
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Based on the information from the text, decide which heading (A–E) corresponds to which paragraph. There are two extra answers you do not need to use. A. 1. A guy with a bit of a rough past, 2. The optimistic case of Mary Cain, 3. In a healthy body, a healthy spirit, 4. Inhuman standards, 5. Don’t be a couch potato!, 6. Balance in all things, 7. Cycle every day!
B. 1. A guy with a bit of a rough past, 2. The optimistic case of Mary Cain, 3. In a healthy body, a healthy spirit, 4. Inhuman standards, 5. Don’t be a couch potato!, 6. Balance in all things, 7. Cycle every day!
C. 1. A guy with a bit of a rough past, 2. The optimistic case of Mary Cain, 3. In a healthy body, a healthy spirit, 4. Inhuman standards, 5. Don’t be a couch potato!, 6. Balance in all things, 7. Cycle every day!
D. 1. A guy with a bit of a rough past, 2. The optimistic case of Mary Cain, 3. In a healthy body, a healthy spirit, 4. Inhuman standards, 5. Don’t be a couch potato!, 6. Balance in all things, 7. Cycle every day!
E. 1. A guy with a bit of a rough past, 2. The optimistic case of Mary Cain, 3. In a healthy body, a healthy spirit, 4. Inhuman standards, 5. Don’t be a couch potato!, 6. Balance in all things, 7. Cycle every day!
Źródło: GroMar Sp. z o.o., licencja: CC BY-SA 3.0.
Exercise 3
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Based on the information from the text, decide if the sentences are true or false. 1. Only physical health is an internal part of our well-being.
TRUEFALSE

2. A bad start in life doesn’t necessarily exclude you from making a career in sports.
TRUEFALSE

3. The reality of training with Alberto was far from Mary’s expectations.
TRUEFALSE

4. Mary’s health improved after joining Alberto’s team.
TRUEFALSE

5. Mary didn’t react to the situation she found herself in.
TRUEFALSE

6. Statistically, professional sportsmen have a longer life expectancy than other people.
TRUEFALSE
Źródło: GroMar Sp. z o.o., licencja: CC BY-SA 3.0.
Exercise 4
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Match the words from the text to their definitions. Diuretics Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. a serious life-threatening medical condition caused by blood clots and broken blood vessels in the brain, with characteristic symptoms e.g. dizziness or weakness on one side of the body, 2. an ordinary, typical person, 3. a type of drugs that provoke the kidneys to produce more urine, 4. a chronic disease characterised by elevated level of sugar, 5. a type of disease that affects the heart or blood vessels, e.g. a heart attack, 6. an inactive, lazy person, watching a lot of television Cardiovascular disease Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. a serious life-threatening medical condition caused by blood clots and broken blood vessels in the brain, with characteristic symptoms e.g. dizziness or weakness on one side of the body, 2. an ordinary, typical person, 3. a type of drugs that provoke the kidneys to produce more urine, 4. a chronic disease characterised by elevated level of sugar, 5. a type of disease that affects the heart or blood vessels, e.g. a heart attack, 6. an inactive, lazy person, watching a lot of television Stroke Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. a serious life-threatening medical condition caused by blood clots and broken blood vessels in the brain, with characteristic symptoms e.g. dizziness or weakness on one side of the body, 2. an ordinary, typical person, 3. a type of drugs that provoke the kidneys to produce more urine, 4. a chronic disease characterised by elevated level of sugar, 5. a type of disease that affects the heart or blood vessels, e.g. a heart attack, 6. an inactive, lazy person, watching a lot of television Diabetes Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. a serious life-threatening medical condition caused by blood clots and broken blood vessels in the brain, with characteristic symptoms e.g. dizziness or weakness on one side of the body, 2. an ordinary, typical person, 3. a type of drugs that provoke the kidneys to produce more urine, 4. a chronic disease characterised by elevated level of sugar, 5. a type of disease that affects the heart or blood vessels, e.g. a heart attack, 6. an inactive, lazy person, watching a lot of television A couch potato Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. a serious life-threatening medical condition caused by blood clots and broken blood vessels in the brain, with characteristic symptoms e.g. dizziness or weakness on one side of the body, 2. an ordinary, typical person, 3. a type of drugs that provoke the kidneys to produce more urine, 4. a chronic disease characterised by elevated level of sugar, 5. a type of disease that affects the heart or blood vessels, e.g. a heart attack, 6. an inactive, lazy person, watching a lot of television An Average Joe Możliwe odpowiedzi: 1. a serious life-threatening medical condition caused by blood clots and broken blood vessels in the brain, with characteristic symptoms e.g. dizziness or weakness on one side of the body, 2. an ordinary, typical person, 3. a type of drugs that provoke the kidneys to produce more urine, 4. a chronic disease characterised by elevated level of sugar, 5. a type of disease that affects the heart or blood vessels, e.g. a heart attack, 6. an inactive, lazy person, watching a lot of television
Źródło: GroMar Sp. z o.o., licencja: CC BY-SA 3.0.
Exercise 5

Write the answer to the question below. Write 5–6 sentences.

Does sport always equal health? Use the information from the text to create your answer.

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(Uzupełnij).
Źródło: GroMar Sp. z o.o., licencja: CC BY-SA 3.0.

Słownik

abusive system
abusive system

/ əˈbjuːsɪv ˈsɪstəm /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

system prowokujący nadużycia (cruel, brutal, provoking abuses system)

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
Average Joe/average Joe (idiom)
Average Joe/average Joe (idiom)

/ ˈævərɪdʒ dʒəʊ /

R1Wyn5G3XGDCl1
Nagranie dźwiękowe

przeciętny Kowalski, zwykły człowiek (an average, ordinary person)

Rvfw7WCYsiO5T1
Nagranie dźwiękowe
be convinced
be convinced

/ bi kənˈvɪnst /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

być przekonanym/przekonaną (be sure about sth)

RTNEuV2zj8LyZ1
Nagranie dźwiękowe
beneficial effect
beneficial effect

/ ˌbenɪˈfɪʃl̩ ɪˈfekt /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

dobroczynny wpływ (bringing good results)

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
cardiovascular disease
cardiovascular disease

/ ˌkɑːdiəʊˈvæskjələ dɪˈziːz /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

choroba sercowo‑naczyniowa (a type of disease that affects the heart or blood vessels, e.g. a heart attack)

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
couch potato (idiom)
couch potato (idiom)

/ ˈkaʊtʃ pəˈteɪtəʊ /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

leń kanapowy (a very lazy, inactive person, usually watching a lot of tv)

R1QbUamosd1pT1
Nagranie dźwiękowe
creatures [creature]
creatures [creature]

/ ˈkriːtʃəz / / ˈkriːtʃə /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

istoty [istota] (beings)

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
detention centre
detention centre

/ dɪˈtenʃn̩ ˈsentə /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

zakład karny (a place where people who have committed crimes are kept as punishment)

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
deteriorate
deteriorate

/ dɪˈtɪərɪəreɪt /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

pogarszać się (get worse)

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
diabetes
diabetes

/ ˌdaɪəˈbiːtɪz /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

cukrzyca (a chronic disease characterised by elevated level of glucose)

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
disrupted
disrupted

/ dɪsˈrʌptɪd /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

zakłócony/zakłócona (disordered)

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
diuretics
diuretics

/ ˌdaɪjuˈretɪks /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

leki moczopędne (a type of drug that provokes the kidneys to produce more urine)

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
drained
drained

/ dreɪnd /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

wykończony/wykończona (exhausted, tired)

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
equal
equal

/ ˈiːkwəl /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

równać się (the same, having the same rights)

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
have suicidal thoughts
have suicidal thoughts

/ həv ˌsjuːɪˈsaɪdl̩ ˈthetaɔːts /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

mieć myśli samobójcze (think about taking your own life)

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
impoverished
impoverished

/ ɪmˈpɒvərɪʃt /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

ubogi/uboga (poor, poverty stricken)

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
in moderation
in moderation

/ ɪn ˌmɒdəˈreɪʃn̩ /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

z umiarem (within reasonable limits)

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
inhuman
inhuman

/ ɪnˈhjuːmən /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

nieludzki/nieludzka (cruel, very strict)

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
nutritious
nutritious

/ njuːˈtrɪʃəs /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

odżywczy/odżywcza (nourishing)

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
predictable
predictable

/ prɪˈdɪktəbl̩ /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

przewidywalny/przewidywalna (unsurprising, foreseeable)

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
RED‑S syndrome
RED‑S syndrome

/ ˈred ˈes ˈsɪndrəʊm /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

względny niedobór energii w sporcie (relative energy deficiency in sport, a syndrome of poor health when athletes do not get enough food to support the energy demands)

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
scholarship
scholarship

/ ˈskɒləʃɪp /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

stypendium (a grant or payment made to support a student's education)

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
strokes [stroke]
strokes [stroke]

/ strəʊks / / strəʊk /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

udary [udar] (a serious life‑threatening medical condition caused by blood clots and broken blood vessels in the brain, with characteristic symptoms e.g. dizziness or weakness on one side of the body)

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
under his supervision [under sb’s supervision]
under his supervision [under sb’s supervision]

/ ʌndə ɪz ˌsuːpəˈvɪʒn̩ / / ʌndə ˈsəmˌbɑːdi ˌsuːpəˈvɪʒn̩ /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

pod jego nadzorem [pod czyimś nadzorem] (under sb’s care/guidance)

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Nagranie dźwiękowe
was abused [be abused]
was abused [be abused]

/ wəz əˈbjuːzd / / bi əˈbjuːzd /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

był wykorzystywany/ była wykorzystywana [być wykorzystywanym/wykorzystywaną] (be exploited)

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

Źródło: GroMar Sp. z o.o., licencja: CC BY‑SA 3.0

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(Uzupełnij).
Źródło: GroMar Sp. z o.o., licencja: CC BY-SA 3.0.
give childbirth
give childbirth

/ ɡɪv ˈtʃaɪldbɜːtheta /

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Nagranie dźwiękowe

urodzić dziecko (deliver a baby)

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Nagranie dźwiękowe